RS roketi 26 "Malire" ( "Vanguard"): specifications ndi zithunzi

Kukhazikitsidwa chenichenicho cha Russian mivi asilikali RS 26 "Malire" ( "Vanguard") wachititsa zolemekezeka mu West. Zingaoneke chochitika wamba ndithu. The watsopano njira sing'anga walowa usilikali, mayeso a atsogoleri a mayiko nkhawa inauzidwa kuti kuwombera, ngakhale pamaso pa akazembe American. Komabe, panali zonena ananena kuti akhoza kuchepetsedwa chakuti mtundu uwu wa manja ali wa kalasi ya nthandala sing'anga kapena lalifupi osiyanasiyana, amene waphwanya mfundo za mgwirizano wa INF cha 1987.

mapangano mayiko pa Kusiya nyukiliya

mapangano mayiko kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha onyamula zida za nyukiliya inkakhala ndi nthawi yambiri. Mu ulamuliro wa L. I. Brezhneva anapanga kuyesa poyamba kuchepetsa mphamvu za nkhondo pakati pa mayiko awiri, omwe amatha mobwerezabwereza kuwononga moyo wonse pa dziko. Ndiye, chifukwa yochepa kusintha mofulumira alembi ambiri, Soviet mfundo yachilendo mzere fluctuated, zomwe zinali zosatheka kulankhula za American. Akuluakulu zokambirana ku Soviet Union zimatheka kokha pamene anayamba kulamulira, mtsogoleri wamng'ono M. S. Gorbachev. Mu 1987, tagwirizana walemba pa chiwonongeko mangawawo kwa chombo chonyamulira sing'anga ndi waufupi osiyanasiyana. Zimene zikuchitika ku dziko kwa chaka chachiwiri cha kukonzanso analengeza kunali kovuta. Zofunika katundu wambiri masiku ano, anthu a mtundu manja kuchepetseratu bajeti osauka ndi Baibulo la mtengo wa zinthu zambiri mbiri zinachititsa kuti yaikulu makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, mavuto a anthu Soviet. Sitingathe kunena kuti anati mgwirizano anali zaphindu Soviet geopolitical kapena njira ina, zimenezo Zimalepheretsa lingathe Poteteza dziko, koma zoona, sakanachitira mwina ena a mutu latsopano la boma. Ndipo iye walemba, mwina, osadziwa ndithu zimene akufuna kuti mpukutuwu. Today n'zotheka kudziwa pa nkhaniyi bwinobwino ndi modekha.

INF

vuto wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo anagona mu chakuti Zoyenereza nyukiliya wa USSR ndi United States zimadalira osati chiwerengero cha onyamula, ndipo ngakhale chizindikiro chimodzi chofunika, ndicho ndege nthawi. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mapu mwachizolowezi lokutidwa ndi chida zapansi wa NATO ndi maiko US, pali funso lovomerezeka za moyenera moyo wawo ndalama zimenezi, koma pafupi ndi malire athu. Ngati chifukwa cha vuto akunja adzakhala anaganiza kuponya pa gawo lino la Russia, nthawi ayankhe adzakhala pang'ono kwambiri. Countermeasures akhoza theoretically kukhala kauntala chida imalankhula padziko zapansi, pokhala launchers. Mipherezero ndi pafupi kwambiri. Chifukwa chogonjetsa awo bwino kufunika mivi ochepa kapena sing'anga-osiyanasiyana, oletsedwa ndi pangano la 1987 INF. Koma apa ndi chimodzimodzi njira ballistic RS 26? Kudziko lina, adalenga malire athu, chifukwa osiyanasiyana pa lonse kuukira osiyanasiyana awo.

Zomwe kalasi monga "Lina"?

Man kutali nkhani ya njira, zingaoneke kuti kuposa kuwuluka mzinga ballistic, ndi bwino. Izi siziri zoona ndithu. mfundo imeneyi ndi monga pachithunzichi monga wachinsinsi sledgehammer zabwino ndi zoipa ochiritsira nyundo. Launch ya intercontinental BR chandamale ili mazana awiri, anthu mazana atatu, kapena ngakhale imodzi ndi theka makilomita zikwi, ndi mwaukadaulo zosatheka. Basi sangathe kulowa kufunika Inde nkhondo. ICBMs monga ballistic onyamula osiyanasiyana pa 5000 Km. Uthunthu wonse 150 kwa 5.5 zikwi. Km imatengedwa kuti ndi utali wozungulira pafupifupi. Anthu amafunsa funso ngati kumene kalasi kunyamula chida RS 26 "Lina"? makhalidwe ake ndi zofooka ndi pazipita (6 TH. Km) ndi osachepera (zikwi ziwiri Km.). Iye akhoza kugunda launchers, yomwe ili pafupi ndi malire a Russian, chotero angafikire zinthu pa dera la United States kapena m'mayiko ena amene anasonyeza kuti akufuna kuukira Russia. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iyi kwenikweni sindimakonda mbali ya US ulamuliro nyukiliya, ndipo iwo ndikaonekere kwa mgwirizano mu 1987.

zina za roketi ndi

Sikuti osiyanasiyana wapadera kwa utali wozungulira wa limasokoneza Pentagon strategists. The vuto lalikulu Aona mphamvu ya PC 26 "Malire" kugonjetsa chida chitetezo dongosolo. Warhead chida lagawidwa mayunitsi anayi nkhondowo, zokayikitsa payekha ndi lililonse thrusters yake. tsatanetsatane wa Akuluakulu abomawa sanena, ngakhale ena "kutayikira" akadali bungwe. RS roketi 26 "Malire" sikungonena ntchito mwachindunji kwa cholinga chake, makamaka kumakhudza maganizo pa ndodo ya adani, ndipo ngati iwo sadziwa za chiopsezo chawo, khama kuika mu chilengedwe ake, adzakhala chabe.

kamangidwe

Data za chipangizo ICBM RS 26 "Malire" anaphimba atolankhani mouma kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti mphamvu okwana zokwana zinthu zinayi 1.2 Mt (4 × 300 kt). Nyumba ya kapangidwe atatu gawo chipolopolo akubwereza "Topol" ndi "Yarsov", koma kulemera kwake ndi zochepa chifukwa ntchito zipangizo mkulu polima. Komanso analengeza dongosolo wachibadidwe latsopano lamulo ndi ulamuliro, amene umagwira ntchito pa aligorivimu wapadera, amene amalola kuti kuzemba zinthu zoopsa (mivi) ndi pa njira nkhondowo ndi Mwina mkulu wa kumenya chandamale. kachitidwe munthu kulenga kusinthasintha aperiodic mu mathamangidwe ndi malangizo impeding chotupa warhead mu ndege. aligorivimu Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti akhalebe nkhondowo imapanga, ngakhale interceptors 35 akanati chikalata kukakumana. The mphamvu kwaiye injini pa oyambitsa, zipangitsa kupeza njira nkhondowo, ngakhale mwa mtambo wa bomba la nyukiliya. Ndi chidwi.

zipangizo za Ntchito Yomanga

Kuwonjezera kulemera kwa payload ndi mkulu mphamvu ballistic chida RS 26 "Malire" ndi chifukwa zinthu ziwiri: a mtundu watsopano wa mafuta ndi kupanga zinthu zapadera thupi la siteji ndi fairing. Ntchito yapadera luso lakonzedwa kuti "Spetsmash" ndipo amatchedwa "tselnomotannoy". Ndi sayansi zovuta, ndi polima filaments amene, monga khungwa, zinthu nsalu, ndi mankhwala a wapadera kupanga organo-mankhwala, koma akhoza monga mtundu chosavuta anafotokoza. Makamaka templating yamphamvu kapena thupi zina za kasinthasintha chofunika mwatsatanetsatane chilonda gulu-thonje polima (aramid CHIKWANGWANI). Ndiye, chingwe chabwazi chingwe impregnated ndi binder-wothandizira. Pambuyo kuchiritsa analandira angathe kupirira kutentha madigiri 850, ndi amphamvu makina zotsatira. yokoka zosonyeza polima imeneyi gulu kwambiri m'munsi kuposa zitsulo.

mafuta

Ngati chinachake ndipo boma chinsinsi, izi zikuchokera mafuta, chimene chidadzadza ndi PC 26 "Malire". Features ngati mivi kuti kukakumana kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale zokwana sanali zimavuta akamagwiritsa luso. Khalidwe lofunika la mafuta anatsimikiza ndi mphamvu imene yamasulidwa pa kuyaka unit wa misa. Komanso chofunika mtendere wa ndondomeko kuyaka, kaya kutentha, chinyezi, kapena barometric zizindikiro zachilengedwe. Mkati magawo a MS 26 "Malire" anaika olimba mphamvu dissipating zinthu zochokera HMX. Iwo amapereka ndege khola la projectile pa imathamanga kwambiri. More ambiri padziko silidziŵika. Monga chiyenera kukhalira.

galimotoyo

RS roketi 26 "Malire" zachokera ku migodi, koma cholinga chake chachikulu - kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi yam'manja. Poyamba, ake amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo mayendedwe MZKT 79 291, anamanga mfundo 12 × 12. Iwo anapanga zida multiwheel mu Belarus. Mokomera amanena n'chakuti magalimoto nawo perete wodzipereka kwa chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 68th a chigonjetso. Oonetsetsa anaona mathirakitala latsopano, malinga ngati mbali ya phwandolo, lomwe ndi losavuta kunyamula RS 26 "Malire". Photos anatengedwa mu Minsk Komabe, anatsutsa mfundo zimene kwa zoyendera nkhondo yatsopano ingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito Kamaz-7850 galimotoyo kapena Chibelarusi MZKT-79292.

The zambiri Baibulo akatswiri amakhulupirira akadali ankaimira mu perete mnogokolesnik MZKT-79291 monga-79292 MZKT mphamvu sikokwanira, ndi KamAZ mosiyana ndi zimenezi, amatha owonjezera.

Zifukwa nkhawa ya West

Yogwira oimira chitsutso cha mayiko a azungu ngakhale chida RS 24 "yars", ziri pa zifukwa mofanana PC 26 "Malire". Kodi oopsa kachitidwe NATO chitetezo, mtundu wa onyamula ballistic poona kuti zida za nyukiliya? Pazaka makumi atatu, molingana ndi Congressmen US, dziko lawo osati anakumana loopsa limeneli chitetezo cha dziko. Ndipo osati kutsogoleredwa m'dera adzafupikitsidwa imene N'zosatheka kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa neutralization miyeso warhead. Zowona mlingo wa mayunitsi onse anayi ndi mkulu, izo amaperekedwa ndi dongosolo danga astrocorrection. Mogwirizana ndi mwayi malire kugonjetsa malire odana ndi chida cha mayiko - adani angathe kuganiza ndi zosafunika zodula chida chitetezo dongosolo, amene Western wathu "abwenzi" amakonda kuika pafupi ndi zotheka kwa malire a Russia. Chida dongosolo "Lina" PC 26 kukhala asymmetric poyankha pofuna kuti n'chongoletsa ndi kuthekera nyukiliya wa Russian ICBM kudutsana zikutanthauza.