Russian chikhalidwe cha m'ma 19

Chiyambi cha m'ma 19 ku Russia zinali zodzaza ndi kuwuka kwa chikhalidwe, ikutchedwa "Golden zaka". Russian chikhalidwe cha m'ma 19 anali wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi komanso patsogolo m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya zinthu zambiri. Pa luso classicism anavomereza, amene kumaonekera zomangamanga, mabuku, nyimbo.

Pamene Alexander Ine, ndi lamulo "ŵakusanga absolutism", umalimbana chitukuko cha maphunziro, kuthandiza kwa makampani, iye ankalimbikitsa zaluso ndi sayansi.

Amene anakwera mpando wachifumu mu 1825 Nicholas Ine atsata mfundo reactionary, amene anadalira apolisi ndi bureaucracy.

Kamangidwe ka zaka za m'ma 19

Great chikoka pa mbali zosiyanasiyana za luso ndi anthu moyo wakhala tidzapambana pa nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812. Choncho, chikhalidwe Russian wa theka zoyambirira za m'ma 19 amakhala ndi maganizo kukonda dziko. A chinyezimiro cha zochitika ulemerero Tingaone pa zomangamanga ndi. A wamanga luso, mbadwa ya serfs Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin anakhala tate wa Kazan Cathedral. Iwo anali ndi pathupi ngati Paulo Ine ya Cathedral wa St .. Peter ku Roma. Voronikhin akhoza bwinobwino kulowa nyumba mu gulu loyimba chapakati St. Petersburg Nevsky Chiyembekezo. Kazan Cathedral, chimene chakhala chikumbutso kwa nkhondo ya 1812 , anakhala m'manda a Field polimbana M. I. Kutuzova. Pa iconostasis mapeto zinatengera mapaundi anai a siliva, amene anabedwa ku French n'kubwerera ku Cossacks. Panali anali mbendera ndi mbendera asilikali a ku France.

kupenta

Ndi chithunzi, chithunzi luso otukuka. Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri Russian chithunzi amisiri a m'nthawi imeneyo anazindikira o Kiprensky. Achikondi kalembedwe chikhalidwe Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 anayamba m'nyengo ya chipwirikiti cha ndale amene analamulira ku Ulaya, kumene kunali nkhondo aukali wa Napoleon. Kuti nthawi ili chithunzi wotchuka Hussar msilikali Denis Davydov ntchito Kiprensky. The zithunzi za akazi Kiprensky ankasonyeza chikondi ndi lyricism wa mafano. chithunzicho anafuna kusonyeza zojambula ya anthu amene Amalingalira nyengo mbiri.

nyimbo

Kalembedwe tingachipeze powerenga za chikhalidwe Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 amene akugwira ntchito ku mitundu yonse ya luso. Choncho, nyimbo anakhala nthumwi otchuka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Iye ali wa mawu akuti: "Music zimawapangitsa anthu, ife kukonza yekha". Iye anali woyambitsa wa chakale sewero la dziko (ukuyenda epic sewero la "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila", mayiko nyimbo sewero "Moyo kwa Tsar").

mabuku

Mbali yaikulu ya lingaliro la "chikhalidwe cha m'ma 19" mabuku Russian ndi nthawi iyi wakula mu imodzi mwa kutsogolera dziko. Writers kulenga ntchito powerenga chinamulowerera umunthu ndi kukonda dziko lako. Panali magazini: ndi umoyo ndale zolembalemba. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma analamulira sentimentalism, umene ndi nthumwi otchuka NM Karamzin. Kenako m'malo ndi romanticism, amene anasonyeza ake mu ntchito za V. A. Zhukovskogo. Sentimentalism zimapangitsa wowerenga chisoni otchuka amene anali ndi chidwi tilinazo. olemba Achikondi anasiyanitsa otchulidwa amunamuna a anthu ndi chidwi mu chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya anthu a m'mayiko ena.

Pakuti aliyense ophunzira Russian chikhalidwe munthu wa atumwi 19 sizinali Pushkin, amene mapangidwe monga ndakatulo zinachitika motsutsa likhale kukonda dziko lako changu ku anthu amene zayamba chifukwa cha chigonjetso mu 1812 nkhondo. Monga msonkho kwa kalembedwe chikondi amalenga Pushkin ndakatulo "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila". Mu ndakatulo kum'mwera adalemekeza mutu wa ufulu. Ndakatulo oyambirira "The Village" ndi "Ufulu" nkhani za nzika a ndakatulo iyi. Kumapeto kwa moyo wa A. S. Pushkin analenga katswiri monga sewero "Boris Godunov" ndi buku "Eugene Onegin". Wolemba ndakatulo akhoza ntchito zake kuphimba Mitundu yonse ndipo anasonyeza ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana za namatetule wake.

Izi si mndandanda wa zomwe lalikulu Russian chikhalidwe cha m'ma 19. Iye amapanga amathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha luso dziko ndi maphunziro, ndipo ndi mphamvu yaikulu chikhalidwe dziko.