Russian makina katundu mfuti ndi mtendere. Kuyerekezera mfuti katundu makina

Ngakhale mu First World nkhondo pa nkhondo anaonekera wachibadidwe latsopano ndi lowopsya chida - mfuti katundu makina. Masiku amenewo panalibe zida, amene adzatha kuwateteza, ndi pogona, omwe amagwira kale ntchito ndi oyenda (cha dziko lapansi ndi nkhuni) zambiri zipolopolo katundu atagonjetsa kudutsa. Ngakhale lero, mfuti katundu makina ndi chida chabwino kwa chiwonongeko cha mdani oyenda magalimoto nkhondo, oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula ndi ndege za helikoputala. Mfundo imodzi akhoza kugogoda ngakhale ndege, koma masiku ano nkhondowo ndege kwa iwo mothamanga.

Komabe, kuipa waukulu zida choterechi ake kulemera ndi miyeso. Ena zitsanzo (ndi bedi) N'kutheka kulemera makilogalamu oposa awiri. Popeza mawerengedwe ake nthawi zambiri imakhala anthu awiri kapena atatu okha, za ena machenjerero kudya kulankhula ambiri Sikuti. Komabe, makina katundu mfuti adakali kukhala mafoni zida zokwanira. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba anatsimikizira koma nthawi yomweyo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, pamene iwo anayamba kuvala jeeps ndipo ngakhale galimoto yaing'ono.

DSHK

Mu 1930, mlengi wotchuka Degtyarev anayamba kukhala zatsopano makina mfuti. Akatero amayamba nkhani ya lodziwika bwino DSK, amene lero waima utumiki m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Gunsmith anaganiza kupanga izo atsopano pa nthawi imene katiriji B-30 ndi chipolopolo likungosonyeza 12,7 mm. Wotchuka Shpagin analengedwera kwa mfuti latsopano limeneli linachokera dongosolo losiyana mphamvu lamba. Kumayambiriro a 1939, Analeredwa ndi Red Army.

Revised Shpagin

Monga tidanena, Baibulo loyambirira la chida anayamba mu 1930. Patatha zaka zitatu anayamba kupanga siriyo. Ngakhale makhalidwe ambiri abwino, iye anali awiri kuipa kwambiri: mlingo wa moto 360 okha zipolopolo pa mphindi, ndi mlingo othandiza anali ngakhale m'munsi, monga mwa kamangidwe choyambirira zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito masitolo katundu kapena pang'ono. N'chifukwa chake chigamulo pa kuchotsa kupanga siriyo makina mfuti anavomerezedwa mu 1935, amene si zogwirizana ndi zimene zimachitika nthawi yake.

Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, chitukuko anabweretsa lodziwika bwino Shpagin, amene nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito ng'oma magetsi dera ndi gulu kudyetsa zipolopolo. Ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo mu mikono pachimake mkono, amene atembenuke mphamvu ya mpweya ufa mu ng'oma, anali wangwiro dongosolo alipo. Ubwino anali kuti zosintha otere salolera zosintha chowopsa chirichonse mtengo mnyamata Soviet Republic zinali zofunika.

mobwerezabwereza mukutengera

Mfuti makina anali kachiwiri anatengera mu 1938. Iye makamaka chiyamiko zabwino makina Mipikisano ntchito, amene ANC kwasanduka chida chilengedwe: mosavuta ntchito kupondereza Adani nthaka (kuphatikizapo kuwonongedwa kwa malinga a), chiwonongeko cha Helicopters ndi ndege otsika-zouluka, komanso kugwetsa kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Kuwononga zinthu mpweya makina linakwiriridwa ndi kuukitsidwa munthawi yomweyo ya bipod akuthandiza.

Chifukwa cha luso lake apamwamba nkhondowo DSK anasangalala kulandira kutchuka pafupifupi nthambi onse ankhondo. Kumapeto kwa gulu lankhondo mfuti chinakwera kusinthidwa pang'ono. Iwo zakhudza ena zigawo zikuluzikulu za limagwirira mphamvu ndi shutter msonkhano. Komanso, njira pang'ono kusinthidwa kuti pali mbiya.

Last kusinthidwa wa mfuti, mu utumiki mu 1946 (DShKM), limagwiritsa ntchito mfundo osiyana pang'ono a zokha. Ufa mpweya anapatutsa kwa mbiya kudzera mdzenje. Thunthu sanali replaceable, unafotokoza zipsepse ndi yozizira (monga Redieta a). Kuti n'chongoletsa amphamvu angadzachite ntchito kuipanikiza mabuleki machenjerero zosiyanasiyana.

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa zosintha ziwiri mfuti - chipangizo cha wodyetsa lapansi. Choncho, DShKM ntchito Wopanda mtundu dongosolo, pamene kuloŵedwa m'malo - ng'oma. Komabe, Kolesnikov dongosolo makina amakhalabe kwathunthu zikutsatiridwa kuyambira 1938, pamene chinachake wachibadidwe sikutheka kusintha. Machine mfuti pa chimango ichi akulemera makilogalamu 160. Ndithudi, izo si zabwino kwambiri kwa mayiko ntchito zake. Komabe, chida zambiri ntchito ngati odana ndi ndege ndi ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mdani, kupanga ntchito makina katundu kutero.

The ntchito makono a ANC

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya Soviet Union pa zomera zinachitika pafupifupi isanu ndi zikwi mfuti chitsanzo ichi. Komabe, pambuyo nkhondoyo, ANC anali wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Choncho, kusinthidwa ake, DShKM, akupitirizabe kuti kusindikiza Pakistan ndi China. Palinso nkhani pa m'matangadza za mfuti pa malo omwetsera wa asilikali Russian. wotchuka kwambiri ndi chida Russia pankhondo mu Africa.

Veterans kumbukirani kuti onse zida izi ndi kwenikweni amadula mitengo woonda, napyoza nadutsa mu makungwa abwino kwambiri girth. Choncho ndi bwino oyenda zida (ndi zimene zili mbali zina), ichi "wachikulire" ntchito mwangwiro. Koma ntchito yaikulu ya makina mfuti, amene makamaka zogwirizana mu nkhani ya asilikali bwino ophunzitsidwa - kudalirika modabwitsa ndi kuphweka ntchito.

ndemanga

Komabe, akatswiri ena asilikali kwa ANC ndipo ngakhale DShKM amantha. chakuti chida ichi anayamba kupanga ndi zenizeni za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Ndiye dziko lathu linali ufa pafupifupi wabwinobwino, koma chifukwa Akatswiri ndinaganizira yowonjezera malaya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, munition ndi katundu osati kwambiri mphamvu. Choncho, woyang'anira athu - 12.7h108 mm. NATO amagwiritsa ntchito zida chomwecho browning ... 12,7h99 mamilimita! Ndipo ichi ndi proviso kuti makatiriji onse ali pafupifupi mphamvu yomweyo.

Komabe, pali zochitika zimenezi ndi mbali positive. M'banja likungosonyeza zida zonse 12,7 ndi 14.5 mm - ndi kasupe weniweni wa gunsmiths ano. Pali prerequisites zonse kwa chilengedwe cha makatiriji champhamvu kwambiri adzakhala nawobe makhalidwe awo misa-ooneka enieni.

NSV "zimayambitsa"

Back mu 70s wa asilikali Soviet kuyambira mu chayamba kusamukira makina mfuti Nikitina kamangidwe, Volkov ndi Sokolov - "The Rock." Zida, analandira dzina chidule cha HCB linatengedwa mu utumiki mu 1972, koma lero akanali yaikulu katundu mfuti ya makina a asilikali Russian.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zake zimasiyanitsa ndi otsika kwambiri kulemera. Iwo akulemera makina katundu mfuti NSV makilogalamu 41 okha ndi makina! Ichi chizathandiza mawerengedwe a umatha msanga kusintha khalidwe lawo nkhondo. Ngati Tikayerekeza mfuti yatsopano ndi DShKM chomwecho, nthawi yomweyo chidwi ndi, achidule ndi zomveka kamangidwe kake yosavuta. Lawi arrester ali ndi mawonekedwe conical mu thunthu, umene lamanja akhoza "kuzindikira" "thanthwe". The chida amadziwika zifukwa zosiyana.

"Antisnayper"

NSV anatchuka kwambiri kuti pa mtunda wa kilometre chimodzi (!) Utali wozungulira zipolopolo anayala si upambana mamita chimodzi ndi theka, omwe mtundu wa chida pafupifupi mbiri mtheradi. Mu makina mfuti anali aulemu dzina lakuti "Antisnayper" ntchito imene awiri Chechen. Mu njira zambiri, izi ndi chifukwa kulunjika ntchito zake zimakhalanso ofooka adzabwere polola kuvala pafupifupi onse zosintha ano wamphamvu pamaso mtundu wa chida.

Palinso thanki zosinthika, ndilo chidule NSVT. Iwo yakwera akasinja, ndipo kuyambira ndi T-64. Mtsogoleri wa zida za m'banja, T-90, alinso zida zake. Theoretically NSVT pa makina amenewa anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida odana ndi ndege, koma kuchita izo ntchito monga nthawi kupondereza mipherezero pansi. Kugwetsa masiku nkhondowo ndege (osanenapo ndege) Anti-ndege mfuti Makina theoretically zotheka, koma chifukwa cha ichi ndi bwino yosayenera chida Russian chida.

KORD

Chingwe umaimira "Kovrov gunsmiths-Degtyarevtsy". Ntchito pa chilengedwe zake Kovrov anayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: yopanga "The Rock" pa nthawi imeneyo anali pa dera la Kazakhstan, zomwe si kukumana zofuna njira ya dziko.

Chief mlengi wa ntchito yatsopano anali Namidulin, Obidin, Bogdanov ndi Zhirehin. maziko anatengedwa tingachipeze powerenga NSV, koma si zokhazo gunsmiths banal wamakono ake. Choyamba, kuwala makina mfuti anafika mwamsanga kusintha mbiya. Izo analengedwa ndi Korpela mabungwe kafukufuku pafupifupi lonse, koma zotsatira zake ndi mtengo: zikhale ndi luso lapadera, amene amathandiza yunifolomu pazipita yozizira pamoyo pamene kuwombera. Basi chifukwa chimodzi mwa zinthu molondola ndi olondola (poyerekeza NSV) chinawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri! Komanso, chingwe anali woyamba makina mfuti chomwe ndi "chipembedzo" Baibulo la katiriji NATO.

Pomaliza, chida chokhacho m'kalasi, amene amalola ogwira moto bipod. kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 32. M'malo mokhala ndi nthenga, koma awiri mukhoza kuba. Zipangizo osiyanasiyana pa mipherezero nthaka ndi za awiri makilomita. Kodi wina ndi makina katundu mfuti Russia?

CPV KPVT

Ndipo brainchild Kovrova kachiwiri. Ndi amphamvu kwambiri membala wa gulu la mfuti lalikulu-likungosonyeza makina mu dziko. Armament ndi mwapadera nkhondowo mphamvu zawo: Chili mphamvu ya mfuti odana akasinja ndi mfuti za makina. Ndipotu, makina katundu mfuti katiriji CPV - "yemweyo", ndi lodziwika bwino 14,5h114! M'mbuyomu posachedwapa, ndi thandizo ake mukhoza gwetsa iliyonse ndege nkhondowo kapena kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida angathe mdani.

kukula kwake kwa gunsmith luso, analowa mu 1943, pa kanthu yake. Maziko a mlengi anatenga ndege mfuti 20 kulengedwa wake. Tikumbukenso kuti atatsala pang'ono anataya State Yovuta ShVAK, koma matabwa ake anali wosavuta ndi odalirika cholinga anapereka Vladimirov. Ife digress pang'ono. Gunsmith sizim'vuta kuzindikira cholinga chake: makina wake mfuti lolemera (chithunzi chimene chili m'nkhani ino) lero amadziwa zonse crewman amene anatumikira ku akasinja Union!

Pamene angagwiritse Vladimirov ntchito chiwembu chakale ndi yochepa angadzachite chotsimikizira kuti kwambiri ngakhale "limakhulupirira". Makinawa makina mfuti amalola yokonza yekha wa moto basi. Mu oyenda Baibulo la CPV ntchito mu mawonekedwe easel, chokhala mfuti kuwala. makina wakhala akweza kangapo, ndipo panthawi ya nkhondo asilikali amachita mwa iwo okha, malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Afghanistan ndi magulu onse mkangano anagwiritsa ntchito CPV ndi amamwa anaika pamaso kuwala.

Mu 1950, chitukuko cha zosintha thanki bwino kutsimikiziridwa chida unayambitsidwa. Posachedwa Vladimirov makina katundu mfuti anayamba kukhazikitsa pafupifupi akasinja a yopanga USSR. Mu kusinthidwa ichi, mikono kwambiri kusinthidwa: magetsi shutter (27c), palibe zipangizo pati, amene ntchito m'malo zowoneka kuwala thanki kuntchito gunner ndi wolamulira.

Mu Africa, ndi Russian makina katundu mfuti kwambiri otchuka ndi zonse, popanda yekha: iwo ntchito ngati makamu lovomerezeka ndi magulu a magulu chosakaniza. alangizi athu ankhondo kumbukirani kuti zinthu asilikali ankhondo UN anaopa kwambiri za CPV, monga mosavuta iye anaweramuka ndi magalimoto onse kuwala oti muli nazo zida, adayima mu kumadzulo asilikali kumadera amenewo. Tsopano pafupifupi "zosavuta" BTR ndi BMP mdani angathe bwino kutetezedwa izi mfuti katundu makina. Mulimonsemo, ndi ziyerekezo mazunzo kuti iye "tsekani" kwathunthu.

Komabe, onse mfuti makina katundu Russia (USSR pa nthawi imeneyo) anali wotchuka kwambiri mu mabungwe mabungwe a Mujahideen ku Afghanistan. Akukhulupirira kuti pafupifupi 15% ya Soviet Mi-24 anataya karate zifukwa, anawomberedwa pansi chifukwa cha zidazi.

makina mfuti lolemera, NATO

M'mayiko ndigwire NATO kupanga zida izi anali kwakukulukulu pamodzi mizere yemweyo, amene anali lililonse kwa dziko (mwachitsanzo, likungosonyeza makina mfuti pafupifupi ofanana). asilikali anakwiya wamphamvu ndi odalirika mfuti ya makina, ndi bwino ofanana kwambiri moyo ukryvshuyusya kwa parapets oyenda ndi kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mdani.

Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa sukulu awiri zida kalasi. Choncho, German Wehrmacht makina katundu mfuti ambiri sanali mu utumiki. N'chifukwa chake NATO zimagwiritsa ntchito M2NV limodzi, limene ife tsopano tikambirane.

M2NV browning, USA

The Army US anatchuka chifukwa chakuti iye wakonda mofulumira kusintha zida ntchito zitsanzo yatsopano ndipo zingamuthandize. Pankhani ya M2NV lamulo limeneli sikuti ntchito. Izi "agogo", cholinga ndi lodziwika bwino browning, mu utumiki kuyambira mu 1919! Kumene, makina mfuti MG-3, ataima pa mikono ya Bundeswehr ndi modernized buku la MG-42, "Hitler anaona" angayerekezedwe ndi iye mu m'badwo wakale, koma amagwiritsa NATO 7,62h51 likungosonyeza.

Machine mfuti analowa utumiki mu 1923. Mu 1938, iwo akweza powonjezera ndi tsinde elongated. Ndipotu fomu iyi, izo awonongedwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, "wachikulire" mobwerezabwereza anayesa thanani, zonse kuchititsa kupikisana kuti m'malo, koma pakali pano njira ina chokwanira zida kutsimikiziridwa kumeneko.

Mbiri ya chitukuko ndi chidwi kwambiri. US Army panopa akufunikira waukulu mfuti ya makina, amene adzapereka odalirika kukunda nyamarwa ndege (kuti anabwera kuchokera General Pershing, mkulu wa aboma). Browning, amene anali kuwachepera masiku analowa chabe ndi elegantly.

Chikhazikitsireni maziko a chida chilichonse ndi katiriji, ndi okwanira likungosonyeza makina mfuti ku mulidziwe m'masiku amenewo sanali, iye chabe anatenga katiriji 7,62 kulengedwa yake ndi kuchuluka kawiri. Izi muyeso chinaoneka ngati anthu osakhalitsa m'dzikoli, koma zochita inali modabwitsa bwino: makina mfuti pafupifupi onse katundu mu West akugwiritsa ntchito zida zimenezi.

Mwa njira, malo ano ndi kupanga MPATUKO. Mwina mwazindikira kuti katiriji, amene anali zida zoweta ndi achilendo mu gulu ili, pafupifupi chimodzimodzi. Takambirana kale za zifukwa zodabwitsazi, koma tiyeni tinene mawu ochepa. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa tebulo poyerekeza, inu muwona kusowa wathunthu wa zida 14.5 mamilimita mfuti makina katundu mwa NATO.

Ichinso ndi chifukwa kusiyana mu chiphunzitso usilikali: mulidziwe kuganiza (osati alakwitsa) kuti ntchito za mtundu wa armament uzigwirizana munition akale cholinga browning. Chilichonse chimene n'zotsimikizira zikuluzikulu pa gulu kumadzulo kale amatanthauza "zida zazing'ono" Choncho si mfuti ya makina.

Mfuti "browning m2 HQCB" (Belgium)

Ngakhale kuti mbewu ya browning tingachipeze powerenga kunapezeka modabwitsa bwino, makhalidwe ake imakonzedwa, osati makamu onse Western. The Belgians, amene nthawizonse zakhala wotchuka chifukwa manja quality, anaganiza kuchititsa wamakono palokha wa American makina mfuti. Ndipotu, poyamba Herstal kampani anafuna kupanga chinachake cha chawo, koma chifukwa cha kufunika kuchepetsa ndalama ndondomeko ndi kukhalabe kupitiriza ndi ntchito akale, akatswiri anakakamizika kugonja.

Komabe, pa kusintha kwa zida zili zosatheka anakhudzidwa. Armourers Belgium okonzeka ndi mbiya katundu ndi limagwirira chosavuta chifukwa chake m'malo "chamoto". Izi bwino kwambiri makhalidwe kumenyana zida. Mabaibulo kale, "thoroughbred" American "ziwiri" chifukwa kuchotsa mbiya ankafunika anthu osachepera awiri, ndipo ntchito kunali koopsa m'chipani. Ambiri kuwerengetsera pachimake M2NV zosintha ataya zala mu izo. Mwachibadwa, wokondedwa uyu chida pang'ono. Machine mfuti browning odana ndege kusinthidwa makamaka chifukwa ichi n'kuyamba "Oerlikon" mfuti zimene zinali osati wamphamvu kwambiri, komanso alibe mwayi uwu.

Iwo anali anawonjezera kumatheka chrome mkati kutsinde awiri, amene kwambiri kuchuluka survivability chake pansi maganizo nkhondo. Kuwombera pa mfuti zosiyanasiyana ichi ndi chokoma chifukwa m'malo munthu mmodzi yekha chofunika thunthu chiwerengero ntchito kukonzekera ndi sanamvere, ndi chiopsezo chotenga anatentha pafupifupi palibe.

Oddly zokwanira, koma n'zotheka kuchepetsa ndalama mfuti chrome. chakuti kale ntchito migolo ndi ❖ kuyanika Stellite. Zinali zambiri zodula, ndi moyo utumiki wa mbiya nthawi zosachepera ziwiri zing'onozing'ono kuposa cha Akhristu, TACHIMATA ndi chrome. Pakali pano, ndi Belgians kubala zida zosiyanasiyana wamakono kuti kupanga chilichonse M2NV akale zikhoza kusinthidwa mu mphamvu m2 HQCB ndodo regimental.

Machine mfuti L11A1 (HMG)

Ndipo kamodzinso patsogolo pathu - "yemweyo" browning. Komabe, mu Baibulo English. Kumene, kwambiri akweza ndi bwino. Akatswiri ambiri amaona zabwino mwa mzere lonse la "mbewu" M2VN.

Pakati pa zaluso - ndi "zofewa hardware". Ngati ife kusiya pambali lyrics, ndi dongosolo la damping amadza ndi kugwedera, chifukwa chimene katundu mfuti ya makina akukhala chida kwambiri, yolondola kwambiri. Komanso, gunsmiths la Ufumu Wake anapereka Baibulo awo a dongosolo mwamsanga-kusintha mbiya. Ambiri, izo mwanjira zambiri zofanana chiwembu akufuna, ndi Belgians.

zinthu zina

Ngati ife tikufanizira deta kwa tebulo zambiri za m'dera makina katundu mfuti, zimaonekeratu kuti gulu zida mwachuluka ofanana. Kusiyana kwa makhalidwe luso yaing'ono, noticeable kusiyana misa. Western mfuti katundu makina kulemera zinthu zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti awo chiphunzitso asilikali nkomwe zikusonyeza kuti oyenda ntchito yawo, kupereka unsembe wa zida zotere pa zida za nkhondo.

Ambiri mwa asilikali a mfuti NATO ndi 5,56 ndi 7.62 (muyezo wawo, kumene). Osakwanira firepower mayunitsi kuchepetsa ndi ambiri snipers ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi chikuto kugwira ntchito mu vuto nkhondowo detachments magulu ndege ndi / kapena zida. Ndithudi, imodzi makina katundu mfuti thanki ndi kakhumi mphamvu kumenyana mphamvu, kotero kuti njira imeneyi ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo.