Russian nyumba mabomba (1999)

Russian nyumba mabomba mu 1999 mndandanda wa uchigawenga amene anachitika ku Moscow, Buynaksk ndi Volgodonsk. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu 307 anafa ndipo pa 1,700 anali anavulala ndipo zowawa mu njira ina.

Malinga ndi Baibulo boma komanso ziganizo za matupi milandu ya Russian Federation, bungwe la ndalama kuukira izi chifukwa cha mapangidwe oletsedwa atsogoleri wotchedwa Chisilamu Institute "Caucasus". Malinga kutsimikiziridwa kuti Ofufuza, ndi Russian nyumba mabomba anawalamula ndi Abu Umar ndi amir al-Khattab, pamene asangalatsi anali gulu la zigaŵenga North Caucasus. Ikuchitika kuukira pachiyambi analengedwa kuti tikwaniritse imfa Unyinji wa anthu kuopseza anthu ndi kusokonezeka ambiri a dongosolo alipo chitetezo. Komanso, kuukira apangidwa kuti zimakhudza kupanga zisankho ndi akuluakulu zokhudzana ndi liquidation wa zotsatira za kuukira zigaŵenga Dagestan, dera zinachitika chaka chomwecho.

Kwa zaka zingapo pambuyo zochitika ambiri osakhala a asangalatsi ndi okonza aphedwa kapena anagwidwa ndi asilikali a misonkhano yapadera ya mphamvu Chijojiya ndi Russian. Mwatsoka, ena okonza ndipo sanali kulangidwa.

Mabomba Bunaykske

Russian nyumba mabomba inayamba mu mzinda Buynaksk komwe 4 September 1999 iye litaphulitsidwa mwa nyumba zisanu storey zogona pa up. Levanevskogo (Shihsaidov) №3. Kuphulika anapangidwa ntchito gasi galimoto chitsanzo 52, amene panthawiyo anali makilogalamu oposa 2700 a mabomba anapangidwa kuchokera nitrate ammonium ndi ufa zotayidwa. Dziwani chakuti chandamale cha kuukira sanali osankhidwa mosintha. Russian nyumba mabomba anayamba ndi mabanja asilikali nyumba.

Chifukwa cha mavuto a zigawenga kuukira zinachititsa kuti chiwonongeko cha awiri okhala nyumba, chifukwa 64 anthu anaphedwa ndi 146 wovulala. Zoti kuphulika lachiwiri la galimoto ZIL 130 chitsanzo, koma mwamwayi, izo zikanakhoza n'chongoletsa mkulu wa wapadera zomangamanga battalion mpaka pafupi chipatala pambuyo pa maola awiri pambuyo kuphulika zinachitika koyamba. Kenako neutered galimoto anapezeka zikalata m'dzina la Isa Zaynutdinova.

Mabomba Moscow (pa Guryanov)

Russian nyumba mabomba mu 1999 kupitiriza nkhondo ya 9-storey nyumba zogona ili Guryanov Street (Moscow), umene unachitika pa 8 September. makomo awiri chifukwa cha kuukira anali inawonongedwa. Dziwani chakuti kuphulika akutulukira anachititsanso kuti mapindikidwe lalikulu la oyandikana ziwembu nyumba.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma Russian nyumba mabomba mu 1999 pa Guryanov Street zinachititsa kuti anapha anthu 100, pamene pafupifupi 690 anthu anavulala osiyana a mwamphamvu. Bomba anapezazo zikusonyeza kuti mphamvu pafupifupi la makilogalamu 350 a zachiwawa (mtengo zikusonyezedwa TNT), ndipo pa kuona koyamba ikuchitika pa malopo, particles anawapeza RDX ndi TNT. Patapita masiku angapo Anagwirizana kwathunthu kuwononga nyumba za asilikali akatswiri bomba, pamene okhala nyumba zinawapangitsa nyumba zina.

Nthawi yoyamba kuitana

Patapita kanthawi, kuitana anapangidwa kwa gulu mkonzi wa bungwe "Interfax" umene ukuyenera kuulula nkhani zomwe ndi nyumba mabomba mu September ku Russia. munthu analankhula ndi mwamphamvu kutchulidwa Caucasus ka mayina yekha monga membala wa "Chitaganya cha kumasulidwa kwa Dagestan". Iye anati nyumba mabomba mu Russia (mu Moscow makamaka) ndi kuchita kwa kubwezera chakuti Russia wakhala akunyamula kugwira nkhondo imene inachitika pa dera la Dagestan. Tsiku lomwelo mu njira yonse uthenga zinaoneka identikit Mukhit Laypanova amene lendi chipinda pansi woyamba wa nyumbayi, kumene kuphulika zinachitika. September 13, inali yololedwa anakonza tsiku la kulira kwa anthu akufa mu mabomba awiri.

ntchito investigative

Kamodzi kumuukira zinachitika pa Guryanov Street, chigawo mu Moscow anayamba mwachangu onani onse nonresidential. mwapadera amapatsidwa ntchito Dmitriya Kuzovogo, amene anaganiza bwino fufuzani nyumba pa Kashirskoye, №3. Nyumba iyi munali mipando sitolo, mwini wake wa malonda munthu dzina lake Muhit Laypanov, ananena kuti adzaikidwa shuga nyumba yosungiramo katundu. M'kupita kwa chigawo sitolo anayendera ndinapeza ambiri matumba wodzazidwa ndi shuga, koma sanadziwe zimenezi chikuto zigawenga ntchito kubisa mabomba. Iwo anali kenaka, September 12, m'boma la kamodzinso anafika kunyumba kwa kukonzanso bwinobwino koma imapezeka chatsekedwa shopu chitseko, osokoneza kuti sakanatha. September 13 Pamenepo panabuka kuphulika wamphamvu.

kuphulika Kashirskoye

Pamene Russian nyumba mabomba zinachitika pa khwalala Kashira, nyumba yomwe panali mipando sitolo, anali inawonongedwa, ndipo pafupifupi anyantchoche onse amene anali ku nthawi (124 anthu) anali akufa. Only 7 anthu anavulala amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana kwa mwamphamvu. kuphulika mphamvu pa nthawi iyi anali makilogalamu 300 (mtengo zikusonyezedwa TNT).

Boris Yeltsin, amene ali ku nthawi pulezidenti wa Russia, mwamsanga anaitanidwa kuti Meya Moscow Yuri Luzhkov ndipo anamulangiza kuti achite jambulani zonse za nyumba mumzinda masana. Atachita wachiwiri kuphulika Intelligence Services unatengedwa miyeso sikunachitekepo mwamtheradi chitetezo osati likulu komanso midzi ina ya Russia ndi mayiko wa pafupi kunja. Kwenikweni, zinachitikadi cheke wodzala kosungira osiyanasiyana attics, ndipo anthu ambiri a nyumba nyumba kwa miyezi ingapo tikugwira wozungulira mowiriza koloko ndikulondera okhala awo.

Zotsatira loyamba pofufuza

September 13 mwiniwake wa kampani malo, anaona identikit Laypanova anaphunzira kasitomala amene anachotsa iwo malo osungira. nyumbayo lendi pa Borisov Prudy, 14, komwe lendi chapansi, kotero kuti bizinesi anayesa posachedwapa kuuza FSB. Kenako, anayendera onena za nyumbayi sanatsatiridwe mabungwe yazamalamulo. Chifukwa kupeza 50 matumba chodzaza ndi mabomba okwana kulemera kwa 2.5 matani. 6 pa matumba a ma powerengetsera chinakhazikitsidwa. Kenako, anapezeka kuti mfundo Mukhit Laipanov anamwalira mu February 1999, pamene mwachangu ntchito zikalata Achemez Gochijaev.

Shamil Basayev yomweyo anakana zimene ali aliyense wa sacramenti zochita unapangitsa zigawenga, pamene mtsogoleri wina wa Mujahideen dzina lake Khattab adanena kuti nthawi imeneyo, akumenyana osati polimbana ndi gulu lankhondo Russian, komanso mfundo anthu onse a dziko. Komanso Dziwani n'chakuti mtsogoleri wa Islamist kwakukulu bungwe "amalimbikitsa Sharia" dzina lake Abu Hamza al-Masri, September 14 anaganiza kutumiza ku ofesi mkonzi wa nyuzipepala "Al-Hayat" mkulu mawu kuti limathandiza ndi Russian nyumba mabomba. Zinachitika September 13, 1999 September 4, Machitidwe lalikulu la uchigawenga, limene, mogwirizana ndi iye, ndi "malo Chisilamu la Russian chifukwa asilikali awo anachotsedwa pa anthu wamba okhala m'dera la Dagestan ndi Chechnya. Russian chinkhoswe mu ndondomeko ngati chigawenga zaka, pamene dziko lonse ndi chabe diso kuona manyazi onse Asilamu. " Awa ndi mawu a Abu Hamza al-Masri.

Kuphulika mu Volgodonsk

About naini unali Oktyabrskoe Highway 35, September 16, inaphulika zinachitika GAZ 53 galimoto. Pambuyo kumuukira onse molondola anakumbukira kwa zaka zambiri, mu chaka chimene panali mabomba a nyumba nyumba Russia, ngakhale kuti sanali zikuluzikulu zigawenga kuukira, ngati anthu m'mbuyomo. Kenako kusanthula blockages anthu 18 anapezeka akufa, komanso munthu wina Anamwalira kuchipatala. anthu 89 anali m'chipatala kuvulala kwa kusinthasintha mwamphamvu.

Dziwani kuti mwini wake wa galimoto anali Abbaskuli Iskander oglu Iskenderov, amene ankayendetsa galimoto kumalo kumene kuphulika. Malinga ndi iye, Caucasians atatu anagula galimoto lake, yodzaza izo ankati mbatata ndipo ndinamuuza kuti galimoto ku malo awa, ndipo kokha chozizwitsa anapulumuka, adapita kunyumba kwa kutentha, ndipo musakhale ntchito usiku.

anapezazo kufufuza

Malinga ndi zotsatira za kufufuza padatsimikiza kuti, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, nyumba mabomba mu Russia zinachitika mu 1999 pa pempho la oletsedwa atsogoleri gulu zida lotchedwa Institute Chisilamu "Caucasus". Iwo anali Aruba ndi Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu Umar al-Khattab. The cholinga kuukira - kuonetsetsa imfa chachikulu cha moyo, kuti tikwaniritse kuphwanya chitetezo anthu, komanso mwamantha wa anthu.

Waukulu mphamvu grouping a zigaŵenga anaukira Dagestan, dera panali mercenaries zosiyanasiyana ndi ozimitsa ochokera m'mayiko ena onse a iwo anali Akhristu a "Chisilamu Mayiko Brigade" lomwe lili ndi kugwirizana ndi "Al-Qaeda". Dziwani chakuti nyumba mabomba mu September (1999) mu Russia ankayang'aniridwa mwachindunji ku maphunziro msasa Khattab, umene unali Chechnya. Pankhaniyi, kufufuza anapeza kuti Khattab anali mogwirizana ndi odziwika bwino zinamangidwa zigawenga Osama bin akatundu, amene, kuwonjezera, anafufuma milimo ya akazembe US ku Tanzania ndipo Kenya mu 1998, ndipo anapanga Zigawenga pa "zosanja "umene unachitika mu 2001 pa 11 September.

ojambula zithunzi

Pofuna kugwira ntchito zonse za uchigawenga, Abu Umar al-Khattab ndi ntchito misonkhano ya "anthu Muslim №3». tcheyamani wina anali Achimez Gochijaev amene bungwe ndi kutsogolera zigawenga. Tikumbukenso kuti mpaka 1997 Gochijaev chimaonetsa bizinezi yabwino mu Moscow, koma 1997 adatengedwa maganizo a Wahhabism. Chifukwa cha ichi, anabwerera Karachaevsk lakwawo, ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsidwa msasa apadera Khattab amatchedwa "Caucasus". Chigamulo zomwe zinachititsa ntchito ayenera kuti Gochijaev analandira pa chifukwa chakuti iye anali ndi luso kwambiri nkhondo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo iye ankadziwa dera la Moscow.

Pa nthawi ya 2011 ambiri osakhala a zigawenga anaphedwa kapena anamangidwa. Pakali pano, kokha Achemez Gochijaev sanapezeke ndi mu boma ndi mayiko mndandanda ankawafuna.

Commission Special Kovalev

Pa kanthu, zomwe zimachokera ndi Boris Berezovsky (panthawi imeneyo membala wa chipani "Osaumira Russia"), linakhazikitsidwa komiti yapadera, amene waukulu cholinga anali kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane mu zigawenga zimene zinachitika Volgodonsk ndi Moscow mu 1999. The State Duma Wachiwiri Sergei Kovalev anasankhidwa monga mutu wa ntchito.

M'kupita kwa mmodzi wa magawo a ntchito ya FSB Relations Public Center izo neno za chakuti bungwe la chitetezo sinditi kuchita kukwezedwa otchulidwa n'ngwokayikitsa ndipo alumikizane nawo mu kutsutsana kulikonse.

Mu 2003, womenyera ufulu ufulu wa anthu Lev Levinson, yemwe anali mlembi wa ntchito Kovalev ananena kuti mfundo buku la nkhani za FSB chakuti panali mabomba a nyumba nyumba Russia (1999, chithunzi - pamwamba), ndi zambiri n'ngwokayikitsa kuposa Baibulo pamaso pa otchedwa "Chechen kufufuza" mu zotchulidwa. Iye ananena kuti namtindi wa mfundo Litvinenko Felshtinsky ofotokoza okha pa mfundo munthu, amene nthawi zina momasuka kwambiri.

Levinson ananena kuti Commission poyamba analibe cholinga kuchititsa zofufuza mwamsanga monga kale zinali yomweyo bwino kuti iye sadzakhala apatsidwe mwayi zipangizo zofunika za mlandu komanso kuchita kufufuza paokha sanali pansi mphamvu, ndi izi zinali zosamveka.

Dziwani kuti pali ambiri mfundo zomveka bwino mmene ndi amene kanthu ndi kuphulika kwa nyumba mu September 1999 ku Russia, koma namtindi wa zoterezi Baibulo boma anali ndi zifukwa zambiri kuonedwa kuti chomveka. Nawonso kukhala wochitachita mu nkhani iyi, Boris Berezovsky, koma zochita zake zonse, mogwirizana ndi namtindi wa akatswiri anali amakonda kwambiri kusala Putin ndi utsogoleri wake wonse.