Sam Harris - wasayansi, katswiri wa nzeru ndi osapemphera wolemba

Popularize mfundo kulibe Mulungu, Sam Harris, mwa zina, mu ntchito yake akafunsa kuti, kulekana kwa mpingo ndi boma zinthu. Kodi n'zotheka? Kukhala digiri nzeru za m'munda wa neuroscience, iye anadzudzula chipembedzo pa kaonedwe ka kukayikira sayansi. Kuwulula akamanena lowona, imafuna ufulu wa chipembedzo, akutsimikizira kufunikira ndi kupezeka pa kutsutsa anthu a mbalume mpingo.

Sam Harris ndi ndani?

Kwambiri Atalitsimikizira yokha buku la "The End of Faith," limene linayamba kulemba matenda a mantha mu US mu 2001. Ntchito imeneyi, mu 2005, iye analandira mabuku mphoto. Bukhu linali akutsogolereni oveteredwa koposera masabata 30. Iye analandira digiri zake ku yunivesite zapamwamba. Chimodzi mwa mayendedwe a nkhani yolembedwa anali m'madera kuphunzira kotekisi oziziritsa mothandizidwa ndi kumveka maginito mu mphindi yofunika kupanga chisankho anthu. Tinaphunzira chikoka cha zinthu kudziwa maganizo ndi zolinga kuchitapo kanthu pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zinthu zokhudza chikhulupiriro ndi sanamwe.

Monga woyambitsa wa ntchito mabuku ndi journalistic nzeru ndi chipembedzo, kulankhula mwamphamvu mwa iwo ayenera kuonanso njira makhalidwe abwino, chikhulupiriro, bodza chiphunzitso, ufulu wa kulankhula ndi maganizo, radicalism Chisilamu ndi uchigawenga. Sam Harris ndi Co-anayambitsa "Project Kulingalira." Iye nkhani pa yunivesite zapamwamba. Zikuoneka pa ntchito TV zopelekedwa mwachangu ikufotokoza ndi atsogoleri kudziwika achipembedzo, poyankha kutsutsa mabuku awo.

zikhulupiriro

Iye akukhulupirira kuti ife sangathenso akuchedwa, ndipo nthawi kutsegula, free natsutsana kuyamba kukambirana za chipembedzo, kuti si chopinga pa chitukuko cha sayansi kupita patsogolo. Harris anakulira popanda kukakamizidwa kukhulupirira Mulungu. Iye asamabisanso chakuti, monga wophunzira, anali zinachitikira zimakhudza mankhwala awo psyche. Sam Harris limati chisangalalo anatha kuona "Choonadi".

Ku koleji, anaphunzira masewera a karati. Ine pambuyo woyamba maphunziro India kuti agwirizane mchitidwe wauzimu powerenga. Iye anayesera kuyang'aniridwa ndi Abuda ndi Hindu aphunzitsi a njira zosiyanasiyana. Iye akukhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kuti "maganizo ŵakusanga" ndipo popanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo chomwa mankhwalawa, ndi kuyesa kukwaniritsa zimenezi mwa experimenting yekha. Patatha zaka 11, anabwerera ku University, anamaliza nakhala nzeru zapamwamba sayansi ndi maphunziro a.

yonena

Sam Harris tsopano ali ndi zaka 49. Iye anabadwa mu Los Angeles mu April 1967. Iye anakula kuchokera m'banja la Berkeley ndi Susan Harris. atate wake - wosewera ndi amake - sewerolo ndi mlengi wa mndandanda TV (sewero lanthabwala). koleji anali kwambiri chinkhoswe mu masewera a karati ndipo ngakhale Mlangizi m'gululo. Iye analembetsa University Stanford ndipo anamaliza ndi yopuma maphunziro awo zaka 11. Bachelor ya Philosophy mu 2000.

Sam Harris chimakamba za moyo wake? Books ndi mbiri pambuyo kuchoka kwawo umafananirako. Kukamba za makhalidwe abwino m'banja kuli Mulungu nzeru zapamwamba zimene sakonda, kutchula nkhawa chitetezo m'badwo wa tsankho. Kumatsutsa ntchito ubale wawo wa chipembedzo ndi uchigawenga, iye akuthamanga chiopsezo kukhala chandamale la otentheka ndi kulowetsamo nkhonya ya okondedwa awo. Anakwatira kuyambira 2004. mkazi wake, annaka, mkonzi wa mabuku ndi Co-anayambitsa "Project Mind", lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kwa kufalitsa kwa nzeru za anthu uchita zabwino. Atakwatitsidwa aakazi awiri.

Sam Harris: Books

Zofunika kwambiri ndi lofunika anali kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake. Ndi mukuzilemba izo anakankhira zinthu zoipa cha 2001 mu United States. buku "The End of Faith" n'chiyani?

Sam Harris mwa iye akufuna kudziwa "nkhondo" kwa chipembedzo ndi kupata maganizo kusintha kulikonse masiku ano. Pamene mkangano amatsogolera kufanana mbiri poganizira zimene zinachitika akhungu ndi chosaneneka chikhulupiriro zinachititsa kuti zoyipa ndi tsoka. kuyitana Open kwa anthu kukana Mpingo kuthekera alowererepo udakali onse zipembedzo mu zochitika za States ndi a ndale za dziko.

Pambuyo ofufuza ambiri ayesetsa kunena maganizo ake ndi kuteteza mfundo ya mu "Kalata Mkhristu Nation" (2006). Patatha zaka zinayi mikangano ndi mtsutso kufalitsa wake "malo abwino" (2010). Mu ntchito iyi wolemba akuyesera kuti akapereke lonjezo limene sayansi yekha akhoza kufotokoza nkhani zovuta za makhalidwe abwino ndiponso kukwaniritsa awo pa moyo wa munthu ndi anthu onse.

Mu pepala lotsatira, yochepa nkhani, limene linatuluka mu 2011, "Mabodza" ( "Bodza"), Harris imakamba magwero ndi chikhalidwe cha chilema. Mu 2012 anafalitsa lina lalifupi zopelekedwa za "ufulu wosankha." Kumathera panthawi mndandanda wa mabuku zitetezo za Buku-namlondola wake ( 'Atauka ", 2014) kuti kuteteza ubwenzi popanda chipembedzo.

kutsutsa

Mobwerezabwereza kumbuyo malingaliro awo ndi zinthu, pokambirana naye atamunamizira mtopola ndi chidani. Sam Harris anaweruzidwa chifukwa anapereka zifukwa ntchito wozunzikirapo (jurisprudence) milandu wapadera komanso zosiyana lamulo. adani ake sanakhutire ndi chilakolako cha wolemba kugonjera ndi kufotokoza mavuto a sayansi ya makhalidwe abwino mawonekedwe chosavuta.

Harris anatsutsana maganizo za kuwerenga maganizo a Islamists amakani ndi zigawenga adzafa chikhulupiriro, kumachititsanso chisokonezo ndi funde la wosakhutira. Amawanena kuti tanthawuzo la "zotentheka achipembedzo." Pakuti malo yogwira izo anatchula za "Bulletin la Chivumbulutso." Ambiri amanena kuti ntchito yake si zatsopano, ndipo anatchula mfundo mbiri chabe anatumikira mu kwatsopano ndi woyambitsa masomphenya olakwika akamanena za zochitika kulibe Mulungu.

thandizo

mabuku ake ndi otchuka, kumvetsera nkhani za kusonkhanitsa nyumba zodzaza, kutsutsana pa TV kuukitsa mavoti, kumene Sam Harris pano. "Mabodza," yakeyo pang'ono linatulutsidwa monga buku osiyana. Akathandize, ndi anzake. Ngakhale otsutsa kupeza malemba ake zomveka.

N'zovuta atagwirizana zoonekeratu ndi vuto zoonekeratu a chikhulupiriro, amene kwa zaka kuyesera salabadira ndi zomwe limatuluka pamwamba Semu Harris. Mu ntchito zake, amaika funso chala ndi yankho adzaitana pa anthu amene amaona bwino kuthokoza Mulungu chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino tsiku ndi tsiku. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka pa nthawi yomweyo pamene ana osalakwa amene anabadwa wina chikhulupiriro, dera ndi makhalidwe ena abwino ndi maloto, adzavutike mu zowawa.