Chidule cha nkhaniyi: "The Odyssey." Homer ndi epic wake

The epic lalikulu la Greece wakale anabwera kwa ife mwa mawonekedwe a ntchito ziwiri za Homer, "The Iliad" ndi "Odyssey." Onse ndakatulo zoyenera zochitika za nthawi yomweyo: ndi Trojan nkhondo ndi zotsatira zake. Nkhondo inali itangotha. Odyssey anatsimikizira kwambiri wankhondo anzeru pulani. Zikomo zothetsera ake luso kuwina nkhondo kuposa wina. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi nkhani yake mu ndakatulo, kapena kani, chidule chake. "The Odyssey" ndi Homer (ndipo ndakatulo yake yachiwiri "The Iliad") suli mwangwiro yekha chikusonyezera zinachitikadi, komanso ali ndi chidwi ulaliki luso. Mfundo chokongoletsedwa wolemba wamasomphenya. Ndi kupyolera mu nkhani iyi wapita kupitirira Nkhani mwachizolowezi kapena mbiri ndipo linakhala cholowa cha World Literature.

"Odyssey" a ndakatulo Homer. chidule

Nkhondo itatha, Odysseus ku nyumba Ithaca lakwawo, kumene iye anali bwanamkubwa. Apo iye akhadikhira bambo Laertes akale, mkazi wake Penelope ndi mwana Telemachus. Panjira ya Odyssey akagwidwa ndi nymph kalipso. Pali amathera zaka zingapo. Pakali pano, yolimbirana mpando wa ufumu wake. M'malo mwa Odyssey ali kwambiri pofunsira. Iwo amakhala mu nyumba yake ndi kutsimikizira Penelope kuti mwamuna wake wamwalira ndipo sanabwerere, ndipo ayenera kusankha amene kukwatira kachiwiri. Koma Penelope ndi Odyssey woona ndi wokonzeka kudikira kwa zaka zambiri. Kuti kuziziritsa pretenders ku mpando wachifumu, ndi dzanja lake, iye akubwera ndi zidule zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, iye knits cophimba akale Laertes, kulonjezedwa kusankha mwamsanga ntchitoyo. Koma iye anali usiku amasungunula kale chikugwirizana. Nthawiyi Telemachus kukhwima. Tsiku lina mlendo anabwera kwa iye ndipo anamulangiza kuti akonzekeretse ngalawa ndi kupita pa kusaka kwa atate wake. M'chifanizo cha mlendo kubisala yokha wamkazi Athena. Iye ndi woyang'anira wa Odysseus. Telemachus malangizo ake. Iye afika kwa Nestor mu Pylos. Mkulu limanena kuti Odysseus ali amoyo, ndi pa kalipso. Telemachus anaganiza zobwerera kunyumba kusangalatsa mayi ake uthenga wabwino ndi pokana pretenders pesky ku malo achifumu. Events ndakatulo amapereka mwachidule. Odyssey la Homer atamukoka monga Fairy-nthano ngwazi, anadutsa zoŵaŵa zoopsa. Anapempha Zeus Athens amatumiza Herme kuti kalipso kumasula Odysseus ndi malamulo. Iye akumanga raft ndipo anayamba kupalasa. Koma mulungu wa nyanja Poseidon kachiwiri chingamulepheretse mu mkuntho unagawanika zipika za raft lapansi. Koma Athena kachiwiri anam'pulumutsa ndipo kumayambitsa ufumu wa Alcinous. Amatengedwa ngati mlendo, ndipo pa phwando la Odyssey limatiuza za Zopatsa wake. Naini nkhani wosangalatsa amalenga Homer. "The Odyssey" (mwachidule ndi transmits nkhani) ndi chimango wosangalatsa wa zochitika zenizeni mbiri.

The Zopatsa a Ulysses

Choyamba, Odysseus ndi anzake anali pa chisumbu ndi zamatsenga zamaluwa kuwamana kukumbukira. Am'deralo, zamaluwa okudya-, alendo ankapatsidwa kwa zamaluwa, ndipo iwo anaiwala Ithaca awo. Odysseus sadzachitanso anawatenga ngalawa ndi kumapitirira. Chachiwiri ulendo - kukumana ndi Cyclops. Nkomwe Oyendetsa amalowerera adzaonetsa waukulu Cyclops Polyphemus, ndi wabisala pansi pa khungu la nkhosa wa nthumbi ndi kuthawa chilumba. Pa zinthu zina mungazipeze powerenga mwachidule. "The Odyssey" ndi Homer atsogolera owerenga kuti ngwazi wake, chimakwirira nthawi yaikulu ya nthawi - ena zaka makumi awiri. Pambuyo chisumbu Cyclops Odysseus anabwera ku chilumbachi kwa mulungu wa mphepo Eolu amene anapereka mlendo wake tailwind ndi atatu mphepo nachibisa mu thumba, womangidwa ndi anachenjeza kuti kumasula thumba zitha kukhala pa Ithaca. Koma anzake a Odysseus anakumasulani thumba pamene iye anali akugona, ndipo mphepo abwerera ku sitima Eolu. Ndiyeno panali zipolowe ndi ogres, ndi Odyssey mozizwitsa anakwanitsa kuthawa. Ndiye anzake anapita Mfumukazi Kirk, amene onse lidzasinthidwa chirombo mu ufumu wa akufa, wochenjera anakwanitsa umadutsa Sirens okopa, kusambira mu khwalala pakati pa mizukwa Scylla ndi Charybdis pa Sun Island. Ichi ndi ndakatulo, chidule chake. Odyssey la Homer akubwerera kwawo, ndipo iye pamodzi ndi Telemachus kuchotsa "suitors" onse Penelope. Mu Ithaca akulamulira dziko. Ancient ndakatulo ndi chidwi owerenga masiku ano, monga ntchito zakale, ndi monga mabuku.