SanPiN: disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa wa mankhwala mankhwala

Mu Russia, mabungwe onse nawo ntchito zachipatala adzakhala kupereka ntchito mogwirizana ndi mfundo kuyeza, imene ndi yofunika amatenga disinfection moyenera ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala.

N'chifukwa chiyani kutsatira mfundo

Masiku ano anthu ambiri, ngakhale kutali mankhwala amuna kulemba mawu monga matenda nosocomial. Izi zikuphatikizapo matenda alionse amene amadwala kapena chifukwa cha mungachitepo ake kuti bungwe zachipatala kapena ndodo bungwe mu ntchito mwa ntchito zawo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu zipatala opaleshoni mlingo wa mavuto yotupa pambuyo ntchito, ukonde wa 12-16% mu mavuto a matenda pambuyo ntchito zimachitika 11-14% ya akazi. Atafufuza kapangidwe ka odwala kunapezeka kuti 7 mpaka 14% a makanda ndi matenda m'chipatala Zipatalazo Dokotala.

Kumene, monga chitsanzo zingaoneke osati mu mabungwe onse zachipatala ndi kuchuluka chawo chimadalira pa zifukwa zambiri monga mtundu wa bungwe, chikhalidwe chithandizo, mphamvu za makinawa kufala kwa matenda nosocomial, matabwa ake. Against maziko awa, mmodzi wa miyeso waukulu si yeniyeni kuteteza zikamera ndi kufala kwa matenda nosocomial ndi disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala.

zikalata zolimbana

Mu ntchito zake, zipatala zonse amakhala ndi malangizo enshrined malangizo ambiri. Nkhani lakuti SanPin (disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa wa mankhwala mankhwala mmenemo mu gawo osiyana). Latest younikanso anali ovomerezeka mu 2010. Komanso ndiyo ntchito zipatala monga malamulo otsatirawa.

1. Chilamulo nambala 52, amene ananena ndi chitetezo AIDS ya anthu.
2. Order № 408 (tizilombo chiwindi) wa 12.07.1984.
3. Order nambala 720 (kulimbana ndi matenda nosocomial).
4. Itanitsani kuchokera 03.09.1999, ndi (chitukuko cha tizirombo).

OST "yolera yotseketsa ndi tizirombo pa zipangizo zogwiritsa» № 42-21-2-85 ndi imodzi mwa zikalata waukulu malamulo a processing zipangizo muyezo. Kuti aziwatsatira zipatala zonse.

Komanso, pali ambiri malangizo (Mu), disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala zimene ankaona pa kaonedwe ka disinfectants osiyana ovomerezeka kwa cholinga ichi. Lero, chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwalamulo ovomerezedwa ndi kusocheretsa anthu. zikutanthauza malangizo yoyenera komanso ndi mbali ya zolemba pa ntchito ya zipatala tikukonza. Pakali pano, muyezo processing chida tichipeza magawo atatu otsatizana - disinfection, JI ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala.

disinfection

Disinfection amatchedwa ya miyeso chifukwa cha zimene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anawonongedwa mu zinthu zachilengedwe. Zikuphatikizapo padziko (makoma, pansi panyumba mawindo, mipando zovuta, pamwamba zipangizo), mankhwala thanzi (nsalu, tableware, zida ukhondo), komanso madzi a m'thupi kudzipatula odwala ndi zina zotero D..

Kudziwa gwero la matenda ikuchitika chochitika, amatchedwa "focal disinfection." cholinga chake ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachindunji anaulula malo. Zotsatirazi mitundu ya disinfection focal:

• apano - kuti ikuchitika zipatala kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda;
• komaliza - unachitikira pambuyo kasupe wa nthenda n'kopanda anthu, kuti ndi wodwala kuchipatala.

Komanso, pali zopewera disinfection. zochitika zawo akutsatiridwa zonse, kaya gwero la matenda. Zikuphatikizapo kusamba m'manja, kukonza wa pamalo ozungulira ntchito wothandizila ndi bactericidal zina.

njira disinfection

Malinga zolinga zotsatirazi njira disinfection ntchito:

• Mawotchi: Izi zikuphatikizapo mwachindunji makina kanthu pankhaniyi - chonyowa kuyeretsa, pogogoda kapena kugogoda-kunja zofunda - zilibe kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma mongoyembekezera chabe kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo;
• Thupi: ultraviolet padzuwa, kutentha kapena otsika - Pankhaniyi chiwonongeko nkhani mu mwatsatanetsatane kutentha ndi padzuwa nthawi;
• Umagwirira: kuwonongedwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala - akusunsa, akupukuta kapena chinthu ulimi mankhwala njira (njira ambiri ndi kothandiza);
• zamoyo - Pankhaniyi kugwiritsa ntchito antagonist wa bakiteriya kuti chofunika kuwononga (makamaka ntchito pa wailesi wapadera bacteriological);
• Tikaphatikiza - Chili njira zosiyanasiyana disinfection.

OST "yolera yotseketsa ndi tizirombo pa zipangizo zogwiritsa" 42-21-2-85 amanena kuti adzere njira disinfection akhale zinthu zonse ndi zipangizo zimene odwala kulankhulana. Kumanga zaumoyo ntchito thupi kapena mankhwala njira disinfection. Akamaliza ake, mankhwala, malinga kopita kwawo, akupitiriza kukonzedwa, zobwezerezedwanso kapena adzathe ntchito.

chisanadze chosawilitsidwa kuyeretsedwa

Disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala chifukwa zida angapo kuti chosawilitsidwa amapereka ngakhale ndi chisanadze kuyeretsa, amene chikuchitika pambuyo mankhwala masaka. Cholinga stepi ino ndi chomaliza makina kuchotsa zotsalira za mafuta ndi Mankhwala oipitsa mapuloteni komanso asatayike.

Latsopano SanPiN, disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa wa mankhwala mankhwala amene tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane, amapereka magawo zotsatirazi PSO lapansi.

1. Pasanathe mphindi 0.5 mankhwala kusamba pansi madzi kuchotsa yotsalira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yankho.
2. Mu wosambitsa mowa, kupanga amene yokha yovomerezeka wothandizila ntchito, katundu madzi okhaokha ndi kumiza. Zikatero, ngati zigwirizana magawo angapo a mankhwala ayenera ankaiphwasula, ndipo onetsetsani kuti cavities zonse zidakhuta ndi yankho. Ngati kuyeretsa njira kutentha 50º kukhudzana ndi mphindi 15.
3. Patapita nthawi iliyonse mankhwala kudzera pa ruff kapena gauze tampon kwa 0.5 mphindi wosambitsa mu njira yomweyo.
4. Akuthamanga malonda madzi Muzitsuka. Nthawi Muzitsuka zimadalira wothandizila ntchito ( "Astra", "zamaluwa" - Mphindi 10 "Patsogolo" - 5 "Biolot" - 3).
5. Rinsing mu madzi otchezedwa masekondi 30.
6. Atayanika mu mpweya wotentha kuyanika ovens.

Kuti akonze kuyeretsa yankho ntchito 5 ga CMC ( "Patsogolo", "Astra", "zamaluwa", "Biolot"), perhydrol 33% - 16 ga, kapena 27,5% - 17 anali ndi mpata ntchito 6% (85 ga ) ndi 3% (170 g) wa hydrogen peroxide, madzi abwino - kuti okwanira 1.

zipangizo zamakono ntchito disinfection, walola kuti kuphatikiza pa njira ya disinfection ndi PCP. Pankhaniyi, pambuyo kukhudzana mwachindunji zabodza. yankho umachitika zida ershevanie ndi - magawo onse wotsatira wa JI.

ulamuliro khalidwe

JV, disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala kuti utoto kwenikweni dera lirilonse, kulabadira kwambiri ulamuliro khalidwe lililonse siteji ya processing. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anachita chitsanzo kulamulira, pakalibe azisonyeza mankhwala magazi, ndi mankhwala ena proteinaceous komanso khalidwe la kutsuka detergents. Control pansi pa gawo limodzi la zoimbira ankachitira.

Phenolphthalein mayesero kuonanso mmene bwino ndi mankhwala detergent zachotsedwa, zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa presterilizing kuyeretsa. Pakuti zisudzo ake pa swab ndi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ochepa anamaliza 1% phenolphthalein njira, kenako misozi mankhwala kuti mukufuna kuyesa. Ngati pali coloration pinki, khalidwe la kutsuka detergents anaona osakwanira.

Disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala amafuna polojekiti iliyonse siteji, ndi chitsanzo china, zomwe zimathandiza kuti aone mmene njira poyamba ikuchitika - izo azopiramovaya nyemba. Izo amaweruza kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa magazi yotsalira pa iwo, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Yokwaniritsira azopirama chinkafuna njira imene yophika akhoza kuwuluridwa miyezi 2 firiji ndi (firiji, nthawi ili adzafupikitsidwa kuti mwezi umodzi). A clouding wa reagent mu pakalibe chitayiko sikumangotikhudza zidazo.

Pakuti chitsanzo asananene kuti tigwire chimodzimodzi chiwerengero azopirama ndi 3% hydrogen peroxide ankawaona ndi ntchito kuyesa pa banga magazi. Maonekedwe a mtundu violet limasonyeza kuti wantchito reagent - mukhoza kuyamba mayeso. Kuti reagent anakonza wothira swab ichi ndi misozi pamwamba pa zida ndi zipangizo. The mankhwala ndi njira dzenje, madontho ochepa a reagent aikidwa mkati ndipo kumapeto kwa mphindi 1, kuunikira zotsatirazo, akupenyetsetsa kwa malo. Kukachitika kuti panali mtundu violet, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira mu mtundu pinki-Lilac, akaone kupezeka kwa magazi. Brownish mtundu akusonyeza pamaso pa dzimbiri ndi lofiirira - chlorinated zinthu.

Pakuti kuwunika moyenera zotsatira azopiramovoy chitsanzo ayenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo:

• chitsanzo imatengedwa zabwino pokhapokha ngati panali kudetsa pa mphindi yoyambirira kuchokera ntchito reagent ya;
• ntchito njira akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola awiri pambuyo kuphika;
• mankhwala ayenera kukhala firiji (padziko otentha wa chitsanzo sadzatero nkhani);
• kaya zotsatira za mankhwala amene chitsanzo anali osambitsidwa ndi madzi ndipo kachiwiri pansi kuyeretsedwa ikuchitika predsteriztsionnoy.

Mu nkhani ya zotsatira zabwino pambuyo zitsanzo za mtanda wonse kachiwiri pansi chifukwa negative.

yolera yotseketsa

Yolera yotseketsa ndi sitepe yomaliza processing wa mankhwala amene ali kukhudzana ndi bala padziko mucosa kapena magazi, komanso kukonzekera m'jekeseni. Choncho pali chiwonongeko chotheratu a mitundu yonse tizilombo, onse vegetative ndi spore. Onyamula mwai onse Motero malamulo mwatsatanetsatane normative chikalata moh, monga lamulo. Yolera yotseketsa ndi tizirombo pa zipangizo zogwiritsa chopangidwa malinga ndi mfundo za kukhazikitsidwa zachipatala, ndipo cholinga chawo. Anapulumutsidwa chosawilitsidwa mankhwala, malinga ndi phukusi miyezi mungathe tsiku ndi asanu.

njira yolera yotseketsa

Njira disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala akusiyanako Chrixitu. Yolera yotseketsa ikuchitika mwa njira zotsatirazi:

• matenthedwe - mpweya, nthunzi, glasperlenovy;
• mankhwala - mpweya kapena njira mankhwala;
• plasma kapena Mpweya umene;
• cheza.

Mabungwe a zachipatala zambiri nthunzi, mpweya, kapena njira mankhwala. Choncho yofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi cha ndondomeko yolera yotseketsa ndi mwambo mosamala zinthu mwachindunji (nthawi, kutentha, kuthamanga). Mode disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala amusankha malingana ndi nkhani zimene workpiece wapangidwa.

njira mpweya

Choncho chosawilitsidwa zida zamankhwala, zipangizo ndi mbali ya zipangizo amapangidwa ndi zitsulo, galasi ndi mphira silikoni. Pamaso pa njira yolera yotseketsa mkombero mankhwala ayenera bwinobwino zouma.

The kupatuka pazipita ku kutentha mu njira yolera yotseketsa sayenera upambana 3 ° C.

njira nthunzi

Nthunzi njira ndi kutali kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa kuzungulira lalifupi, n'zotheka ntchito zake sterilizing nkhani zopezeka kutentha tcheru (nsalu, sutures ndi Mavalidwe, mankhwala labala, pulasitiki, lalabala). Sterility mu njira izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi aziwapatsa pansi overpressure. Izi zimachitika mu sterilizer nthunzi kapena autoclave.

Chakuti ankhanza kuthamanga kuloledwa 2 makilogalamu / m² ndi kutentha - 1-2 °.

Glasperlenovaya yolera yotseketsa

Luso thandizo mabungwe zachipatala zisakuyenda bwino kwambiri ndipo izi zasonyezedwa SP lomaliza (disinfection ndi njira yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala). Latsopano yolera yotseketsa njira, omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mu zipatala - izo glasperlenovaya yolera yotseketsa. Ndi kumizidwa mu chida otentha mu sing'anga kuti 190 - 330 mikanda ° galasi. The ndondomeko yolera yotseketsa amatenga Mphindi, ndipo pambuyo chida ndi wokonzeka ntchito. The downside njira n'lakuti kuteteza zida chabe, choncho ntchito kwenikweni mu maudindo mano.

Disinfection, kuyeretsa, yolera yotseketsa zipangizo zachipatala mfundo zofunika malo ano zaumoyo. Pa zochitika zonse idzachitike komanso omwe enshrined mu malamulo wavomerezedwa ndi unduna wa zaumoyo, kudzadalira thanzi la odwala onse ndi madokotala.