Sculpin nyama mtundu: zithunzi ndi kufotokoza Mitundu wotchuka ng'ombe

Zonse Mitundu ya ng'ombe anawagawa m'magulu atatu lalikulu nyama, mkaka, ndi nyama ndi mkaka. Inde, mtundu wotchuka wa ng'ombe ndi wachiwiri. Komabe, nyama ya ng'ombe m'mafamu unachitikira zambiri. Mitundu ya nyama, pali zambiri. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi ku Russia asanu okha.

Gulu lalikulu

ng'ombe nyama mtundu, nayenso, anawagawa m'magulu atatu akulu akulu:

• chiyambi British. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo Aberdeen Angus, Galloway, Hereford ndi Shorthorn zimasokoneza. Mbali yaikulu ya mitundu ndi ng'ombe precocity. Yabwino nyama zimasokoneza ana a gulu - Hereford ndi Aberdeen Angus.

• Franco-Italy chiyambi - kuwala Aquitaine, Charolais, Maine-Anjou, kianskaya, markidzhanskaya, Piedmont, Simmental. Nkhani zimene zimapezeka mitundu izi amaonedwa kwambiri, ndi mochedwa yakucha. Mu nyama ya ng'ombe mu gulu ili lili mafuta kwambiri.

• Zebuvidnyh kawetedwe latsopano, zichokera kwa iwo. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo Brangus, Santa Gertrudis, bramuzinskaya, Canche ndi T. D. The mbali zimasiyanitsa lalikulu, kusinthasintha kwa kutenthetsa, kukana matenda parasitic.

Popular ng'ombe amayambitsa ng'ombe mu Russia

Mu dziko lathu nthawi zambiri kusudzula mitundu ngati wa ng'ombe ng'ombe:

• Chikazaki Whitehead. Iwo anali akamagwira kudutsa British Hereford ndi makonsolo Chikazaki-Kalmyk anthu. Mtundu ali zimaŵetedwa ku USSR wachitatu woyamba zaka mazana makumi awiri.

• Aberdeen Angus. mtundu umenewu chinapezeka mwa Scotland.

• Hereford. Zimaŵetedwa ku England ng'ombe m'dera wosabereka.

• Limousin. Malo amene ng'ombe ndi France.

• Kalmyk. Iwo lili pa nambala yoyamba chiwerengero m'dziko lathu. Papita ayipanga kwa nthawi yaitali woyendayendawu mafuko a Kalmyks.

Chikazaki Whitehead

mitundu Izi ayipanga pafupifupi onse zigawo za dziko lathu. Sculpin nyama Mitundu (Chikazaki woyera) lili:

• mafupa;

• miyendo yochepa;

• mbiya woboola pakati thunthu, inamera nkhungu odula yozizira.

Kufota, mmbuyo ndi mbali mu ng'ombe zosiyanasiyana izi wofiira, ndi miyendo, pamimba, mutu ndi chifuwa - woyera. mtundu The amakhala ndi precocity ndi mkulu zokolola kwambiri nyama - 58-68%. gobies wamkulu kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 900. Malinga ndi dera ndi mikhalidwe chithunzi yamasika akhoza kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa makilogalamu 200-300.

Imodzi mwa mbali zimasiyanitsa wa Chikazaki woyera ndi kuti bwino kulekerera kutentha. Kukula mtundu umenewu makamaka luso msipu. Gobies nyama Mitundu (chithunzi kuperekedwa pa tsamba, zimasonyeza kukula awo ochititsa kaso) nthawi zambiri m'malo whimsical chakudya. Kwa woyera-Chikazaki zimakhala zilibe ntchito. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimenezi m'malo mwa udzu analoledwa kudyetsa udzu.

Kalmyk zimasokoneza

Gobies komanso ayipanga mitundu m'dziko lathu kulikonse. Zinthu zofunika ndi Kalmyk mtundu:

• kuwala mafupa;

• kachigawo-mphako nyanga;

• pamaso pa occipital Crest pamutu.

Ambiri a ng'ombe awa ndi wofiira odula mtundu ndi kulemba woyera. Nthawi zina palinso wapadera bulauni-checkered suti. Wapakati kulemera wamkulu ng'ombe Kalmyk ndi 950 makilogalamu, koma nthawi zina zingakhale mpaka makilogalamu 1100.

Kutchuka kwa mitundu kuchokera kwa alimi chinapeza makamaka chifukwa cha earliness ake ndi luso osowa mwamsanga nazhirovke. Mu autumn, pamaso yozizira, ng'ombe nyama zimasokoneza - Kalmyk - makamaka kudziunjikira nkhokwe ya zakudya (mafuta mu mawonekedwe a "wonyezimira" zigawo).

Pakhungu la ng'ombe la yambiri lili angapo lotulukira wa sebaceous zopangitsa. Chifukwa ziwalo, nyama zimenezi zimasiyana kukakala kwa mpweya. Komanso, ng'ombe awa pansi pa khungu ndi wosanjikiza mafuta, zimene zimathandiza kuti mosavuta kusamutsa ndi kutentha, ndi ozizira. zizindikiro zimenezi malinga ndi asayansi, alibe mtundu wina uliwonse wa ng'ombe zanyama. Ena opanda Kalmyk mtundu imatengedwa kukhala tcheru ndi kusowa kwa madzi.

Aberdeen-Angus ng'ombe ng'ombe

Pa gawo la Russia izi zimasokoneza Kodi zimaŵetedwa makamaka Volga dera, Bryansk ndi Kaluga zigawo. Komanso, ng'ombe amenewa amapezeka mu North Caucasus ndi zigawo chapakati dziko. The zizindikilo waukulu wa Aberdeen Angus ndi:

• anamaliza m'malo lalifupi thunthu;

• miyendo lalifupi ndi khosi;

• yaing'ono mutu ndi mphumi wotchuka;

• akulu kumbuyo, tinsalu ndi rump;

• woonda lotayirira khungu ndi CHIKWANGWANI appreciable;

• hornless (anafunsidwa mafunso).

Ambiri a ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe za mtundu umenewu ndi mtundu mdima. nyama wamkulu kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 850. Zimaswana yakucha osiyana ndi apamwamba nyama. Mtembo zokolola akhoza kufika 70%.

Ubwino waukulu wa mtundu umenewu wa ng'ombe amaonedwa kudya anatengera kwa zinthu nyengo iliyonse, chonde ndi zosavuta calving. Mwatsoka, ng'ombe nyama mtundu Aberdeen Angus mwina mwamphamvu mtima ndipo ngakhale amasonyeza mokwiya kwa anthu. Izi ankaona drawback a mitundu.

Hereford ng'ombe ng'ombe

mtundu umenewu ndi malo achiwiri kukula mu Russia pambuyo Kalmyk. Kufalitsa mu Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Saratov ndi Rostov m'madera komanso mu Altai Gawo. Zinthu zofunika ndi oimira:

• squat mbiya woboola thupi;

• otchuka kwambiri dewlap.

Odula nyama mtundu Hereford ng'ombe ng'ombe ndi mdima wofiira. Pankhaniyi, pansi pa mapazi, mutu, ndi pamimba dewlap zinafota - mwayera. Thupi wamkulu WOYENDETSA mtundu uwu 850-1000 makilogalamu ng'ombe - 550-650 makilogalamu. Zokolola izi kupha ndi 58-62%. Mtundu kugonjetsedwa ndi nyengo siili ndipo akutambasula.

Limousin ng'ombe

Gobies mitundu imeneyi mu dziko lathu si monga ambiri monga anthu tafotokozazi mtundu, koma nthawi zina ayipanga mwa alimi (za 1.8% ya okwana a). The zizindikilo waukulu limuzinskogo RNC ndi:

• woonda mafupa;

• otukuka musculature;

• miyendo amphamvu ndi ziboda;

• ndi sacrum.

Mtundu nyama mtundu ng'ombe limuzinskoj mwina wofiira, zofiirira kapena golide Brown (nyanga ndi ziboda za kuunika). Nyama zimenezi pali mafuta pang'ono kwambiri. Limousin ng'ombe mtundu amatha kulemera mu makilogalamu 580-1100. Slaughter zokolola - 63-65%.

Kudzinenepetsa ng'ombe nyama Mitundu - ndi nthawi zambiri zaphindu. chifukwa ndi wosavuta. Nyama zoweta amenewa amadziwika ndi "wonyezimira" ndi bwino fibered, ndipo, choncho ndi mtengo. Kulemera kwa thanthwe koposa zonse kupeza mofulumira, ndipo m'manja mwa ruggedness osiyana.