Seabuckthorn: maluwa, kubzala ndi chisamaliro, mitundu kwa dela la mzinda

Choncho wamaluwa ambiri sali okweza kuyankhula za buckthorn nyanja, kuganizira mofatsa ndi prickly kwambiri zomera ndi zipatso wowawasa. Ngakhale pambuyo kuchotsa zomera okalamba ndi ambiri mphukira. zovuta zonsezi zakutchire nyanja buckthorn mtengo. Koma mitundu amakono a chikhalidwe ndithu kusangalatsa nyakulima iliyonse.

A pang'ono chikhalidwe ...

Buckthorn mtengo - ndi chomera wamba m'dziko lathu. m'nkhalango Large chikhalidwe anapezeka ku Central Asia ndi Caucasus, Altai ndi Baltic States, komanso kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo Siberia. Kuyambira kale, nyanja buckthorn zipatso ntchito kukonzedwa ndi watsopano.

The buckthorn nyanja chikhalidwe zokongoletsera anayamba kuchulukana zaka 150 zapitazo. mitundu kuswana Industrial nawo Institute of horticulture iwo. Lisavenko MA, imene angapo mitundu ndithu zingamuthandize zimapezeka. Chidwi makamaka kwa buckthorn nyanja anayamba kusonyeza khumi zapitazo, pamene zothandiza katundu wa zipatso akhala sakudziwika.

Mu dela la mzinda buckthorn anayamba kufalitsa mu makumi anai a. Zikuoneka mu zikomo dera ndodo ya Botanical Garden wa Moscow State University Trofimov TT Panopa, chikhalidwe kunali kufalikira zosaneneka mu dela la mzinda. Kuti bwinobwino kukula zomera ndi kulandira zokolola, m'pofunika kudziwa zina mwa nyanja buckthorn kubzala ndi kusamalira ake.

mtengo wa buckthorn nyanja

Culture kutchuka chifukwa katundu imathamangira opindulitsa. Kuphunzira mmene pachimake buckthorn, ochepa mukudziwa, koma izo zikuwoneka ngati zipatso zake, lomwe zonse. Small zipatso yowala mavitamini B, P, B2, E, B, C ndi carotene (provitamin A). Komanso, zipatso wolemera manganese, chitsulo, boron, magnesium, sulfure, zotayidwa, titaniyamu ndi pakachitsulo. Kunja, ndi yowutsa mudyo drupe lokoma ndi wowawasa kapena acidic kukoma Polemeretsedwa zidulo. Acid zili zosiyanasiyana mitundu, ndithudi, osiyana, yogwira chigawo ranges ku imodzi peresenti anayi. Koma okhutira shuga uli mkati 1.6 - 6.4%. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti osati zipatso za chikhalidwe amanenedwa ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri zinthu zothandiza. masamba Buckthorn Mwachitsanzo, muli zambiri mavitamini C ndi A. Pamene chiwerengero cha zipatso kucha kukwapula mavitamini masamba mu kwambiri yafupika.

Ponena za katundu phindu chikhalidwe, tiyenera kukumbukira za mafuta nyanja buckthorn, amene ali olemera kwambiri kuposa onse masamba mafuta amadziwika chiwerengero cha zili zinthu biologically yogwira. Izo ntchito mwakhama mankhwala a matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka ogwira mavuto ndi khungu - kuvulala frostbite, zilonda zamoto, cheza.

Mankhwala wowerengeka, buckthorn nyanja wachita kale ntchito pofuna kuchiza misempha, ndi mavuto m'mimba.

Kodi buckthorn zoipa?

Ngakhale kuti katundu opindulitsa, nyanja buckthorn zingakhale zovulaza anthu amene amadwala thupi lawo siligwirizana. Komanso, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti chipatso muli zambiri zidulo, amene zimawononga kwa kapamba, cholecystitis ndi kutupa duodenum ndi.

mbali Tizilombo chikhalidwe

Seabuckthorn ndi nkhuyu okwanira ndi nthambi chitsamba imene imafikira kutalika mamita 3.5. Culture akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a mtengo mpaka mamita asanu mkulu. Thunthu mbewu ataphimbidwa ndi blackish-Brown kapena mdima makungwa imvi. Koma masamba buckthorn ndi khalidwe ziwiri mtundu mtundu: pansi siliva ndi wobiriwira pamwamba. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, chikhalidwe msanga zipita kukula.

Pamene ndi mmene maluwa buckthorn?

Komabe, lili ndi chinthu chimodzi. Mu chikhalidwe, pali zomera mwamuna ndi mkazi. Koma kusiyanitsa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi m'nyanja buckthorn - ndi funso lomwe lili nthawi zonse chidwi wamaluwa onse amene ali ndi cholinga kuti adzakolole. Ngati m'dera inu mitengo gay inu simungakhoze kupeza zipatso zake. Chinthu ndi chikhalidwe ndi mphepo mungu, ngakhale nthawi zina pali mitundu ndi maluwa bisexual.

Pofuna kudzala mbewu za amuna ndi akazi, m'pofunika kumvetsa mmene kusiyanitsa aamuna buckthorn wamkazi. Mwatsoka wamaluwa mu magawo oyambirira kupeza kusiyana zovuta kukhulupirira. Iwo amakhala pang'ono noticeable kuchokera pamene atagona masamba ndi maluwa. Pa mwamuna nyanja buckthorn ndi yokulirapo kuposa akazi. Choona chidwi ndi kuti kuvala mphukira wa zaka ziwiri. Kuphunzira mmene pachimake buckthorn, anthu ochepa mukudziwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti a maluwa chikhalidwe inconspicuous ndithu, kotero maziko a maapulo onunkhira, mapichesi ndi yamatcheri palibe amaona.

Mitengo pachimake mu May kapena April. maluwa kuoneka ndi masamba. Komabe, tchire mwamuna ndi mkazi, iwo ali mumtundu. Pa wamkazi nyanja buckthorn ndi chikasu, koma amuna - ndi silvery-bulauni. Wokongola maluwa sadzakhala dzina. Maluwa buckthorn pokha kuphatikiza ndi masamba choncho osaonekera.

chomera zipatso

Pambuyo maluwa, womangidwa zipatso kuti zipse mu August kapena September. drupes yowutsa mudyo akhale lalanje kapena wofiira mtundu. The zipatso za nyanja zakutchire buckthorn lonse yaing'ono mtola a. Iwo kuli kwambiri anakonza nthambi, kumene chomera unadziwika ngati "buckthorn nyanja". zipatso ndi kukoma wapadera ndi owawa wowawasa kukoma. Ngati iwo kuchotsedwa mtengo, chipatso kukacheza pa nthambi onse yozizira.

kubzala nyanja buckthorn

Buckthorn anabzala mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Childs, zomera anabzala m'chaka, mizu kwambiri bwino, chifukwa iwo sizikuopseza madontho yozizira kutentha. Pakuti mbande wamng'ono monga kutentha zimabwezera ozizira akhoza kuwononga.

Moyenera kubzala masika nyanja buckthorn ndi chitsimikizo kuti mbewu ndithu adzazika mizu. Komabe, tiyenera kumatanthauza pasadakhale ndi mtundu, ziyenera ndinazolowera zikhalidwe m'dera lanu. Mbande bwino kugula mu nurseries anayesedwa osati pa msika. Kotero inu mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti anagula mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimene mwasankha.

Pakuti buckthorn buckthorn n'kofunika kusankha malo abwino pa malo anu. Zokonda zapatsidwa kwa malo chete kuchokera yogwira ntchito ndiwo zamasamba. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti mbewu ali ndi mizu ulusi, zomwe zili mu zigawo chapamwamba nthaka. Kupewa choipa pamene kukumba ndalama kubzala chikhalidwe malo chete. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti seabuckthorn amakonda unshaded kuunika malo.

Ngakhale ndi kugwa angathe kukonzekera malo kubzala. Kuti tichite zimenezi, nthaka ayenera kuwonjezera humus ndi mchenga mulingo ofanana ndi sikusokoneza zowonjezera phosphorous-potaziyamu. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo ayenera kukhala mamita osachepera angapo. Ngati mukufuna kupeza yokolola, muyenera kudzala mbewu osachepera 3-4. mbewu asanu wamkazi zokwanira wa mwamuna wina.

The ndondomeko ya chodzala mtengo kapena chitsamba chilichonse ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Okonzeka dzenje 70 * 70 * 70 cm, pansi amene mukufuna kuti mulu, amene otsetsereka kutambasula mizu. Ndiye dzenje ladzala ndi nthaka pamwamba pang'ono pa kolala mizu. Padziko mbande ndithu muyenera kupanga dzenje kutsanulira izo. Awiri ndowa ya madzi udzakhala wokwanira kuthirira.

Care chikhalidwe

Kufotokozera buckthorn chingakhale chosakwanira ngati si kunena mawu ochepa za zimene ayenera kusamalira ake. mbande Young muyenera kuthirira zonse, chifukwa chikhalidwe amatanthauza chinyezi-wachikondi. Kamodzi malidza kwambiri, ndiye pafupipafupi kuthirira angathe kuchepetsedwa. wamaluwa odziwa akulangizidwa osati kudya pristovolny bwalo chifukwa shnuropopodobnoy mizu. Koma pambuyo buckthorn maluwa ndi zipatso adzawonekera, mbewu akhoza mphamvu mchere ndi feteleza organic. Izi zachitika kamodzi kokha zaka zitatu.

kusamalira zomera mulinso kuchotsa namsongole. Komabe, muyenera kuchita mosamala kuti kuwononga dongosolo mizu. Mapangidwe korona ndi kudulira ziyenera kuperekedwa mu kasupe mpaka Mphukira. Ukufalikira buckthorn Mulimonsemo sikutheka kuwavulaza. Atafika zaka 8 zomera ayenera nthawi zonse kudula ndi cholinga rejuvenation. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuchotsa mphukira akale, ndi kusiya zaka zitatu. Komanso, muyenera podmerzshie ndithudi woyera ndi mbali matenda a nthambi.

Musaiwale za kuthirira mitengo okhwima. Nthawi zina ngakhale mu nthawi youma zomera yolimba ingakhale youma kapena kutaya zokolola.

Kodi kusankha kalasi kwa dela la mzinda?

Zikomo kuti ntchito yaikulu ya zomera obereketsa tsopano n'zotheka kukatenga zosiyanasiyana kukula pafupifupi dera lililonse la dziko. Chomera umabala zipatso bwino mu zikhalidwe nyengo ya ku Russia, kutanthauza kuti mukhoza kusankha kalasi lamanja la nyanja buckthorn kwa dela la mzinda. Kuti timvetse ziti ankaona kuti afunika kudziwa zimene magawo ali wofunika kwa inu: zokolola, nthawi kusasitsa, kulawa, winterhardiness, kukula zipatso, mlingo wa ndende ya mafuta, nkhani ya zakudya, kupanda minga ndi prickles.

wamaluwa odziwa amalangiza kulabadira zimene zakhala izi kwa Moscow sukulu:

1. Lomonosov. Mtengo umenewu kukula sing'anga ndi minga zochepa. Red-lalanje zipatso elongated ndi fungo wowawasa kukoma.
2. Onunkhira. Srednerosloe chomera ndi mkulu zokolola. The zamkati chipatso ali ndi fungo zapadera chinanazi.
3. Botanical ankachita masewera. Srednerosloe mtengo ndi mkulu zokolola ndi lalikulu zipatso lalanje.
4. Botanical onunkhira. Srednerosloe mtengo ndi zipatso lalanje-wofiira angapereke kwa makilogalamu 14 a mbewu.
5. Kwambiri. Oyambirira kukhwima zosiyanasiyana zokolola mkulu.

kubalana buckthorn

Buckthorn kukodzedwa mu njira izi: ndi mbewu, cuttings ndi mphukira. njira mbewu kwathunthu osamveka, ndi nthawi yambiri, ndi zomera chifukwa sadzalowa makhalidwe kufunika kwa mtengo kholo kwambiri.

Koma pamene kuswana mphukira mbande achinyamata makhalidwe omwewo monga mbewu kholo. Pakuti wamaluwa ndi buckthorn mu munda, njira yabwino kwambiri kupeza mbande njira ndi tizilombo. Spring nthambi, yomwe ili pansi yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Pang'onopang'ono prikopalis mphukira adzakhala musakhalenso. Lotsatira masika, iwo akhoza kukumba, asakhalenso chomera yaikulu komanso zomera ku malo atsopano.

Koma apamwamba makope khalidwe kubzala amapangidwa ndi kumezetsanitsa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusema nthambi, ndondomeko iwo "Kornevinom", ndipo anawonjezera dropwise mu gawo lapansi yonyowa pakati chilimwe. Top chivundikirocho ndi sapling makapu disposable kupeza mini-Teplička. Cuttings ayenera nthawi zonse madzi ndi ventilate. Patatha milungu itatu, kunthunzi pamwamba pawo akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi chisamaliro zina mpaka masika. Ndi isanayambike Mitengo kutentha anabzala mu malo okhazikika.

Kumbukirani kuti buckthorn nyanja - chomera bisexual, choncho ndithu m'dera lina ayenera kukula zomera aamuna ndi aakazi, mukatero konse osati kudikira zokolola.

Mwazina, oblipihu katemera. Pa mtengo womwewo akhoza ndikamezetsanidwemo nthambi za mitundu aamuna ndi aakazi. Polandirira msonkho zomera - lingaliro namuyesa, koma osati nthawi zonse zotheka mu moyo weniweniwo. Kumezanitsa Pagon si nthawi zonse bwino ndinazoloŵera pang'onopang'ono youma, kuteteza kukula. Koma mtengo experimenting.

kukolola

Adzasonkhanitsa yokolola wa buckthorn nyanja - si kophweka. Nthawi yambiri ntchito Pakufunika inu amathera okwanira kuchuluka kwa nthawi. mitundu kwambiri zipatso ndi waufupi kwambiri phesi, kotero kukatenga zipatso si kophweka. Komanso, muyenera ntchito mosamala, chifukwa perespevshie zipatso mwamsanga crumple. Musaiwale za minga lakuthwa okhumudwitsa manja anu.

Ena wamaluwa amalangiza mosavuta, kudula zosadzira mitengo wachitatu wa nthambi pamodzi ndi zokolola. Mu malo oyamba, kotero kubudula zipatso mosavuta patapita nthawi yaitali ndipo mofulumira, ndipo kachiwiri, nthambi akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali mu chipinda ndi zipatso. Sikuti nkhawa odulidwa Pagon. Mu malo awo adzaukanso kukula latsopano m'chaka, umene chipatso zaka ziwiri. mtengo sikuti amadwala izo, chifukwa aliyense amachichita inu adakali kubala kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale nthambi zakale.

Matenda, zomwe poyera kuti chikhalidwe

Poyamba ankaganiza kuti buckthorn nyanja kwathunthu poyera kuti mitundu yonse ya matenda. Komabe, m'pamenenso kunafala minda yathu, alimi ambiri anayamba kuona kuti chikhalidwe poyera kuti mavuto onse kuti mitengo ina m'munda: tizilombo mafangasi ndi bakiteriya.

The buckthorn ambiri bwanji matenda amenewa:

1. Endomikoz - ndi mafangasi matenda limapezeka pa chiyambi cha August pa zipatso, chifukwa iwo kukhala flabby ndi kudzazidwa ndi imvi ntchofu. Umphumphu wa zipatso wasweka, akutanthauzanji madzimadzi chimene chimayanga endomikoz pa. Chithandizo cha matenda amaliona (awiri gawo) la mtengo Bordeaux madzi (1%). Koyamba mbewu mankhwala mwamsanga pambuyo maluwa, ndipo chachiwiri - pakati pa July.
2. Black khansa. Matendawa kumaonekera mwa mawonekedwe a mawanga akuda pa nthambi zikuluzikulu. M'madera ena, chokhuthala akutembenukira wakuda ndi limaguluka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo lawola nkhuni. Monga miyeso achire ndi matenda amenewa achotsedwa kuonongeka ndi matenda mtengo makungwa, inatuluka magawo atsopano mankhwala osakaniza sulphate mkuwa ndipo mullein ndi dongo.
3. Blackleg amayamba ndi bowa nthaka. Zingamvekere yekha mbande wamng'ono. Monga kukonzekereratu ayenera madzi zomera achinyamata ndi yankho la permanganate potaziyamu.
4. Nkhanambo chifukwa cha bowa ndi amakhudza zipatso, masamba ndi mphukira aang'ono, zomwe osati kumabweretsa kuyanika a nthambi, komanso mtengo lonse. Ngati inu munazindikira pakati pa chirimwe pa zipatso chonyezimira mawanga akuda, ndi nkhanambo. Pang'onopang'ono, matenda umapititita nthambi achinyamata. Monga kukonzekereratu ayenera chaka kubala kudulira ukhondo mtengo autumn, moto zinyalala. Komanso, masiku 20 yokolola ayenera kukonzedwa buckthorn Bordeaux madzi (1%).
5. Brown nkhungu imvi, kawirikawiri kumaonekera July m'nthawi mvula. nkhungu Gray amachititsa makwinya zipatso ndi amakwiya kuoneka woderapo mawanga pa zipatso. zomera kachilombo analimbikitsa kudula ndi kuwotcha.

tizirombo nyanja buckthorn

The tizilombo owopsa kwa mtengo ndi:

1. Sandthorn mol. Mbozi kudutsa mu masamba kutupa ndi kuwaononga kuchokera mkati. Njira yabwino kwambiri pochita zinthu ndi njenjete akufotokoza karbofosom chikhalidwe.
2. Sandthorn ntchentche wokhoza kuononga mbewu lonse. Tizilombo kuonekera mu m'ma June. Ntchentche mphutsi bwanji mkati. Ngati muyeso njira Mpofunika kuchitira nkhuni mu July hlorofosom.
3. Sandthorn aphid wakudya masamba ndi kuyamwa nthambi achinyamata. Tizilombo kukhazikika pa mbali n'zosiyana wa mbale pepala, kupanga izo amatsutsa ndi kutembenukira wachikasu. wamaluwa zambiri polimbana ndi nsabwe za ntchito njira yakale miyambo, infusions processing mitengo ya fodya kapena anyezi peel. Ngati njira izi ndi osamveka, mungagwiritse ntchito karbofosom.
4. Buckthorn mite - ndi tizilombo ochepa kuti imayamwa utomoni masamba, kumupangitsa iye kuguluka. Monga njira kulamulira nthata akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofanana ndi za kulimbana nsabwe.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Kulima buckthorn nyanja ndi vuto osiyana akuchita malamulo ofunika kwambiri chithandizo, ndipo mukhoza kupeza zokoma za zipatso ndi amazipanga zothandiza. Komabe ndikofunikira mwaluso kufikako kusankha zosiyanasiyana oyenera m'dera lanu. wamaluwa odziwa amalangiza kupereka predpochenie hybrids regionalized. Kupeza mbande n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kulima bwino chikhalidwe.