Silver (zitsulo): katundu, chithunzi. Kodi kudziwa siliva

Silver - zitsulo (chithunzi onani m'munsimu), yomwe ndi imodzi mwa zina zinthu mankhwala. Iwo zambiri ntchito kupanga zibangili.

Komabe, siliva - chitsulo kuti ali ndi kuchuluka lalikulu. Popanda zilibe kuchita cinematography ndi mankhwala, kujambula ndi minda zomangamanga. Ntchito siliva, ndi ngati chida ndalama. Pa nkhani imeneyi, si wochepa ndi golide. M'malo mwake, siliva kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndalama kusiyanitsa ngozi.

Silver zimabweretsa mankhwala

Silver - chitsulo kapena osakhala zitsulo? Ndithudi, zitsulo. Ndi kutsimikizira izi ndi dongosolo nthawi, Mendeleev analemba. Pezani zitsulo akhale gulu lake loyamba. Nambala atomiki a siliva - 47. Imatha kulemera atomiki ndi 107,8682.

Silver - chitsulo mfulu, chomwe isotopes awiri. Iwo 107Ag ndi 109Ag. Komanso, sayansi lotseguka zoposa makumi atatu isomers ndi isotopes nyukiliya a siliva, amene manambala misa ndinu ochokera 99 kwa 123. Ambiri mwa asanu awa kuleza ankakhala - 109Ag - ali ndi theka ndi moyo kwa zaka 130.

Chiyambi cha dzina la

Silver - Zitsulo, amene chidwi cha anthu akale. Dzina "siliva" amachokera ku Chisansikiriti mawu "Argenta". Kumatanthauza "kuwala". Latin "Argentum" (siliva) ali mizu chomwecho. Koma chinenero ichi, amatanthauza "woyera."

Silver - wolemekezeka zitsulo, ndipo sanali pochitika asayansi mbali. Kale, iwo apanga njira za mpumulo wa amafotokozera zachilengedwezi.

Mu Russian wa zitsulo chikudziwika ngati "siliva", mu Chingerezi zikumveka ngati "Silver", mu German - "Zilber". mawu onsewa anachokera akale Indian "Sarpa" amatanthauza mwezi. Mafotokozedwe pakuti ichi wosavuta. siliva glitter anakumbutsa sayatsa chachinsinsi lakumwamba thupi.

Mbiri ya zitsulo mfulu

Silver ndi bwino kuti anthu kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Tsiku lenileni la anapeza ake sakudziwika. Komabe, magwero olembedwa amasonyeza kuti zokongoletsera zitsulo zinalengedwa ndi Aiguputo akale. Pa nthawi imeneyo, siliva ndi n'kukhala kuposa golide choncho ofunika apamwamba kwambiri.

M'migodi koyamba kwa m'zigawo za mchitidwe zachilengedwezi linakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu a ku Foinike pamaso yathu ino. Development zinachitika mu Cyprus ndi Corsica, komanso Spain.

Monga zodzikongoletsera nthawi siliva wowerengeredwa ukuyenda mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, wakale Rome vertex apamwamba a mchere uyu anali wokongola zitsulo. N'chifukwa chiyani ngati chinthu wamba mu chikhalidwe chotero ofunika anthu? chakuti anthu ankadziwa zitsulo mbadwa. Pezani zinali zovuta kwambiri. Izi zinathandiza sulfide, lomwe lili mumdima patina yokha onse.

Munasintha m'mbiri ya siliva anayamba zatsopano wochitidwa ndi asayansi akale. Cholinga cha zatsopano anali kupeza golide zitsulo zina. Choncho azungu sangathe kuchotsa siliva mankhwala ake ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala (Arsenic, chlorine, etc.).

Mu nkhani siliva mbali yofunika kwambiri ankaimba ndi munthu monga Scheele, Paracelsus neri Al. Ofufuza Data ankafufuza siliva (zitsulo), katundu wa mankhwala. Chifukwa, izo zinapangidwa mfundo zosangalatsa. Choncho, popeza anali anatsimikizira kuti amafotokozera ali masoka katundu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene aona kalelo. Mwachitsanzo, ochiritsa Aigupto siliva mbale ankagwiritsa ntchito pa matenda a zilonda kuteteza mapangidwe mafinya mu iwo. Mkulu antibacterial katundu wa zitsulo izi imawunikidwa ndi otchuka. Choncho kwa zaka n'chimodzimodzi ndi khalidwe ndi mtengo mbale zinali siliva. Ngakhale kuti anthu bwino njira anafotokoza zitsulo yopanga, amene analola mtengo kwambiri.

Silver lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga njira malipiro. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anatulutsa ndalama. Kuti Russia siliva akuyenera kufotokoza dzina la unit ndalama. Pakuti anapezazo mu Russia timagawo pa kuchuluka kwa bullion siliva. Ndicho chifukwa mawu akuti "ruble" ndipo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito.

thupi katundu

Silver - chitsulo zimakhalanso ductile ndi zofewa. Kuyambira ake galamu imodzi akhoza anatambasula waya zabwino kwambiri, kutalika kwa amene adzakhala pafupifupi makilomita.

Silver - heavy ndi osalimba wa magalamu 10,5 pa centimeter kiyubiki. Pakuti chizindikiro ichi, chinthu chokha chokha pang'ono otsika kutsogolera.

Silver - Zitsulo, amene alibe wolingana pa madutsidwe magetsi ndi matenthedwe. N'chifukwa chake mofulumira usavutike mu otentha madzi galasi supuni zopangidwa nkhaniyi.

Kodi katundu wina ndi siliva? Kodi zitsulo zofala kwambiri ntchito ndi jewelers? Silver - mfundo zimene ntchito ndi mosavuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa umatha kusungunula pa kutentha madigiri 962. Khalidwe limeneli ndi wotsika. Komanso, siliva aloyi mosavuta ndi zitsulo zina zambiri kusintha makhalidwe ake. Choncho, mkuwa angadwale kuuma kwa ductile chinthu chachilengedwe. Pamene anawonjezera siliva amakhala woyenera kupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Izi amafotokozera zodabwitsa limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku ake Di Mendeleev. Iye anafotokozanso mmene kudziwa zitsulo siliva mwa ena. Choyamba, mbali wolemekezeka ndi kusiyana ndi mtundu zambiri woyera ndi wangwiro. Komanso, siliva ndi zofewa kuti ndi atengeke kumva kuwawa.

katundu mankhwala

Kodi kusiyanitsa ku zitsulo siliva mankhwala okonzeka zopangidwa? Mphete, unyolo, supuni, foloko, zopalira chikho ndi ndalama wakale kenako anayamba adzafota, ndipo ngakhale kutembenukira wakuda. Chifukwa cha ichi chimakhala kukhudzana awo sulfide wa hydrogen. yotsirizira osati gwero la mazira owola. Haidrojeni sulfide likusonyeza jombo ndi ena ma polima. A mankhwala anachita amapezeka mu kukhalapo kwa ena chinyezi. Pamwamba pa nkhani potero kupanga zabwino kwambiri sulfide filimu. Poyamba, chifukwa cha sewero kuwala zikuoneka duwa. Komabe, sulfide filimu pang'onopang'ono unakhuthala. Iwo darkens, kusintha mtundu wake kuti bulauni kenako wakuda.

Silver sulfide sangathe adzawonongedwa pa kutentha, kupasuka mu zidulo ndi alkalis. Ngati filimu si wandiweyani, izo chikutha kudzera makina. mankhwala ndi chokwanila osalala kapena ufa otsukira mkamwa ndi madzi sopo kubwerera ku kuwala.

Kodi kusiyanitsa ku zitsulo siliva m'njira zina? Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusunga zochita mankhwala a. mchitidwe wolemekezeka mosavuta kusungunuka zidulo ena. Izi otentha anaikira nitric ndi sulfuric, komanso ayodini ndi asidi hydrobromic. Ngati mankhwala anachita pakati pa siliva ndi acid amathiridwa mu kukhalapo kwa mpweya zadutsa, ndiye chifukwa chake chidzakhala wolemekezeka zitsulo zovuta halides.

Silver Kodi samva ndi hydrogen ndi asafe. Zilibe anatani ndi mpweya. Pankhani phosphorous, akhoza kudwala siliva, azingolandira red-hot kutentha pa chimene phosphide. Koma ndi imvi chitsulo chabwinocho amachitira mosavuta. Pa Kutentha, zinthu izi anapanga sulfide. Thunthu lomwelo akhoza zopezera nkhani ya kukhudzana kwa gaseous sulfure otentha zitsulo.

Chidwi ndi mankhwala anachita wa zitsulo wolemekezeka ndi oxygen. Naye siliva Kodi samva, koma kupasuka kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya zina. Mundawu wa zitsulo ndi Kutentha izo kumathandiza kuti zikamera wa loopsa kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo chodabwitsa wokongola. Izi kukonkha siliva. chodabwitsa ichi chakhala kuyambira nthawi zakale.

Silver - zitsulo, amene katundu walola, ngati golide, mosavuta anatani ndi Aqua regia, acid ndi hydrochloric ladzala ndi chlorine. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zingachitike imagwera mu precipitate insoluble, monga mouma sungunuka mankhwala enaake aumbike. kusiyana mu khalidwe la siliva ndi golide amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.

Wangwiro mwezi zitsulo kusungunuka asidi kuchepetsa sulfuric. Komabe, siliva ayenera finely anagawa ndipo anadziwitsa ndi oxygen.

Zitsulo wolemekezeka akhoza zidzasungunuka mu njira amadzimadzi lapansi zamchere ndi cyanides soda zitsulo, ngati mokwanira ladzala ndi mpweya. Anachita chimodzimodzi ndi afika pokhudzana ndi njira amadzimadzi thiourea siliva, amene ali ndi chitsulo mchere.

Mankhwala mwezi zitsulo, amakonda kukhala woyamba zabwino makutidwe ndi okosijeni chiwerengero. Ena zinthu za index imeneyi ikufika kufunika awiri kapena atatu. Komabe, mankhwala siliva alibe phindu lenileni.

katundu kwachilengedwenso

Silver - zitsulo (onani pansipa chithunzi), chimene chiri mu zinthu za moyo uli kasanu ndi kamodzi zosakwana m'nthaka. M'mawu ena, chinthu ichi sakutanthauza kuti kwachilengedwenso.

Komabe, pang'ono ayoni zabwino za siliva zokwanira otaya njira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kalelo amadziwika luso ndende za zitsulo izi kuchepetsa ndi zotsatira bactericidal pa madzi akumwa. Ngakhale ngati pang'ono ayoni monga mamiligalamu 0,05 pa lita, amapereka okwanira antimicrobial ntchito. madzi akhoza ankadya mopanda mantha umoyo wawo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kukoma, akukhalabe sichinasinthe.

Ngati madzimadzi ali 0.1 milligram pa lita imodzi ya ayoni siliva, n'zotheka kusunga kwa chaka chimodzi. Koma sitiyenera pansi madzi otentha. Mkulu kutentha kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti ayoni siliva m'mbuyo.
Chuma bactericidal wa chinthu wolemekezeka amalola kuti ntchito ambiri samatenthetsa kumwa madzi. Choncho, Zosefera ena banja lake siliva adamulowetsa mpweya. chigawo amenewa akusonyeza negligible umathandizanso mlingo wa ayoni m'madzi.

Antimicrobial siliva luso wapeza tanthauzo lake ndi tizirombo pa maiwe kusambira. Iwo madzi zimalimbikitsa ndi bromide zitsulo. magawanidwe Low wa AgBr (0,08 mg / l) kulibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu ndi chimawononga algae ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Nanga tingazifotokoze bwanji ndi bactericidal kanthu za ayoni siliva? chakuti zimakhudza umoyo wa tizilomboto osiyana, n'kusokoneza awo catalysts kwachilengedwenso. Izo ziri chimodzimodzi zomwe amachita siliva. Amene zitsulo komabe amatha uyu? Mwa zinthu zina Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala enaake. Iye, monga siliva, - heavy Komabe, zambiri poizoni. Mercuric mankhwala enaake ndi mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, amakhala oopsa kwa thanzi la munthu. Iwo ali katundu zofanana ndi mkuwa.

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha siliva

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti thunthu, amene lipindulitsa pa anthu Mlingo laling'ono, amakhala oopsa lalikulu zedi. zinthu izi akhoza zimachitika, ndi siliva. Experimentally anatsimikizira kuti ndalama zochuluka ayoni zitsulo akhoza kuchepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi la nyama komanso kusintha zoipa mu mitsempha ndi mtima minofu ya ubongo. Ngakhale Mlingo lalikulu ingawononge chiwindi, chithokomiro ndi impso. Zochita panali malipoti pamene anthu ali poizoni wa mankhwala siliva, amene anali limodzi ndi matenda aakulu maganizo. Mwamwayi, chinthu ichi mosavuta anadziŵa mwa thupi.

A chikhalidwe pathological chifukwa cha zitsulo mwezi

Mu zochiritsira pali mkhalidwe zachilendo otchedwa argyria. Zikuoneka munthu kukachitika kuti kwa zaka zambiri moyo wake ntchito ndi siliva kapena salt ake. zinthu izi imayambira pa mlingo yaing'ono chamoyo, kuchedwa mu zimakhala connective, komanso mpanda wa capillaries a impso, mafupa ndi ndulu. Pa zizindikiro kunja kudwala izi mokhutiritsa kuti pansipa zithunzi.

Silver - Zitsulo, amene pang'onopang'ono amasonkhana nembanemba wa mucous ndi pakhungu, kuwapatsa iwo bluish kapena imvi wobiriwira mtundu. Mu nkhani iyi, makamaka yowala m'madera a thupi ongoyendayenda kuwala. Nthawi zina mtundu wa khungu kotero izo munthu amakhala ngati African.

Argyria chitukuko akuchedwa kwambiri. zizindikiro zake kaye noticeable patapita zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi za ntchito zonse ndi siliva. The asiyane wamphamvu anati m'zaka. Choyamba, kusintha mtundu wa milomo, akachisi conjunctiva diso. Ndiye mdima zikope. Nthawi zina utoto m'kamwa ndi nembanemba mucous wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, ndi dzenje misomali. Argyria zina anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a mawanga yaing'ono wobiriwira ndi buluu.

Muchisiye matenda ndi kubwezeretsa khungu sangakhale akale. Komabe, kuwonjezera zodzikongoletsera anachitazi zakunja wodwala safuna kudandaula ndi chilichonse. N'chifukwa chake Argir akhoza salembedwa yekha kuonedwa matenda. Mu matenda ali mbali positive. Munthu kwenikweni impregnated ndi siliva, konse akudwala matenda opatsirana. Machiritso kupha ayoni onse kulowa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi.

zitsulo ofanana

Silver - wachikuda zitsulo, omwe nthawi zina kovuta kusiyanitsa ku ofanana mu maonekedwe. Izo zimapangitsa izo kovuta, koma zenizeni.

Zitsulo, ofanana ndi siliva, kungakhale golide woyera, faifi tambala siliva kapena zotayidwa. Kodi amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pawo? Kudziwa mankhwala anapanga ku siliva kapena golide woyera angakhoze kokha ogwira bwino limatchula za zitsulo izi. Kodi izo nokha kunyumba ali osavomerezeka.

Kunja, ndi zitsulo awiri ofanana kwambiri. Mfundo yakuti woyera golide aloyi ndi mkulu kuchuluka siliva. Kusiyanitsa mankhwala zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo izi zitha jeweler amene kuwerengetsa kachulukidwe wa pachiyambi.

Silver - akuda zitsulo, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri kusokonezedwa ndi siliva faifi tambala. Yotsirizira ndi aloyi wa faifi tambala, kutsogolera ndi mkuwa. Nthawi zambiri Melchior - ndi kupanga siliva apanga mayesero osiyanasiyana luso. Kodi kusiyanitsa "zitsulo pansi siliva"? Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira bwinobwino mankhwala alipo. Pa siliva German sadzakhala akaweruzidwe. Pa mankhwala otere yekha chikuni "ISC", lomwe limasonyeza zikuchokera aloyi ndi (mkuwa, faifi tambala ndi kutsogolera). Silver aloyi isiyana ndi osalimba ndi kulemera. Komabe, makhalidwe amenewa ndi kupeza okha katswiri. Nyumba akhoza adzagwa pa mankhwala ndi njira ayodini. Pa siliva anasiya malo, ndi Melchior - palibe.

Nthawi zambiri, kwa zotayidwa wolemekezeka zitsulo kupambana. Komabe, yotsirizira n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi siliva osalimba, luster, kuuma ndi mtundu. Zamgululi-counterfeiting yesani kuzindikira okha pamafelemu a nyumba ndi masitolo zosiyanasiyana. Chotero chokongoletsera patapita masokosi lalifupi akuyamba oxidize. Kusiyanitsa siliva kuchokera akhoza zotayidwa ndi maginito. Zitsulo wolemekezeka si kukopeka kwa izo. Komanso, aliyense zotsatira thupi kapena mankhwala pa zotayidwa amachititsa kusintha mtundu, maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mapindikidwe.

Silver ndi Fashion zodzikongoletsera

Ndi kupezeka kwa nkhaniyi imagwiridwa ambiri zokongoletsa zosiyana. Silver - zitsulo wapatali kapena ayi? Inde, ndi mu gulu lomwelo ndi golide ndi pulatinamu. Izi zitsulo mfulu, amene si kukumana makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri. Precious iwo amatchedwa osati chifukwa cha wapadera katundu, komanso chifukwa cha m'matangadza ang'onoang'ono zili matanthwe a pansi padziko.

Silver - zakuthupi mosalekeza. Iwo mofanana bwino yosayenera kwa amai ndi abambo amene ali ndi udindo osiyana siyana ndi zaka. Silver mwangwiro Chili ndi enamel ndi golide. Ndi kuyang'ana kwambiri wapatali ndi theka-miyala ya mtengo wapatali, ngale, matanthwe ndi minyanga ya njovu.

Miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi yasiliva oyenera nthawi iliyonse. Ndipo kuchokera zosiyanasiyana zitsanzo, inu nthawi zonse kukatenga mankhwala chifukwa yeniyeni. Komanso, malinga ndi maganizo akale za zitsulo izi, wokhoza kuchiritsa ndi kukhazika mtima pansi. N'chifukwa chake si koyenera kuti uchitsiru kudya zaka amadzipereka athu pogula chimwemwe yaing'ono.

Pakali pano, jewelers kupereka nambala yaikulu zokongoletsa zosiyana, mfundo amene anali siliva. Aliyense wa mankhwala ndithu kupereka maganizo abwino. Phunzirani nawo zodzikongoletsera shopu kuwonetsa yosavuta.

Silver - ndi lightest wolemekezeka zitsulo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kufunika kwa zodzikongoletsera kwenikweni wake m'mayiko onse a dziko. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kutchuka zodzikongoletsera siliva ndi mtundu wawo. Ndipotu, mmodzi wa zovala kwambiri yapamwamba amaona kuchokera imvi ndi zachitsulo Sheen nsalu, komanso wakuda ndi oyera. Zotsatira kwapita kuti zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Mkulu wa ogula kufunika kwa mankhwala amene siliva ndi pamodzi ndi safiro, emarodi, topazi, garnet, ametusito, tourmaline. Nthawi zambiri monga oyika ntchito Malachite ndi lapis lazuli, sibu, ndi yaspi, carnelian ndi kalikedo, Amber ndi diso amapha nyamazi. Silver kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga mphete ndipo pakhosi zosonyeza ndi enamel, filigree, chosema ndi enamel.

zokongoletsa onsewa ndi zina zazikulu. Kuti akonze zodzikongoletsera ntchito zitsulo TACHIMATA ndi siliva. Maonekedwe ndi khalidwe zinthu zotere palibe zosiyana ndi zimene ali kwathunthu opangidwa ndi nsalu zamtengo wapatali. Mmodzi mwa ubwino ndi malipiro awo. Iye mokondwa kudabwa makasitomala. Komanso, siliva yokutidwa zodzikongoletsera koyenera kwa anthu khungu tcheru. mankhwala amenewa amayambitsa kuyabwa aliyense ndi masamba palibe zotsalira pamene ankavala. khalidwe lawo n'chakuti iwo alibe dzimbiri pa nthawi ndipo musati mdima. Choncho, siliva-yokutidwa mphete, unyolo, zibangili ndi pakhosi zosonyeza ndi mphatso yaikulu kwa wokondedwa kapena bwenzi lanu. mtengo alandiridwa ndithu, ndi changwiro khalidwe.