Kuzindikira yovuta

Tili Kuzindikira mu mabuku komanso mfundo zikuluzikulu kulenga inakhazikitsidwa m'dziko lapansi, kalasi Kapangidwe ka yemwe anali mu mawonekedwe a bourgeois zachikhalidwe. Pa nthawiyo alipodi basi mtundu umodzi chikhalidwe. Kugonjera anthu za "Amakhala Mofanana" anthu, anali mosamalitsa ongolankhula. Mu zinthu izi, chowonjezera, ubwenzi chakuti munthu wina chilengedwe chikhalidwe ndi lamulo wosasintha, kukhala zinthu zauzimu luso nzeru ndi chitukuko cha moyo.

Komabe, chikhalidwe kalasi ndithu kubwera mu Kuzindikira si kofunika mu mawonekedwe a kubwezeretsa yachibadwa, kapena mtundu wina chikhalidwe. Panali maonekedwe ake ndi ndondomeko palokha. Tili Kuzindikira amasonyeza kulenga kaphatikizidwe Determinism ndi okhudzidwa, chikhalidwe yogwira mtima kumoyo.

kaphatikizidwe Umboni mogwirizana mbiri ya munthu ndi dongosolo lake chikhalidwe kalasi. Tili Kuzindikira khalidwe chibwenzi ngati umunthu ankhanza kuti kumalepheretsa mwayi ndi zokhumba za munthu. Rule pakati analipo, Kupondereza, wopundula kuwononga anthu generic khalidwe. Tili Kuzindikira - kusonyeza kuvutika ndi umphawi wa anthu ntchito.

Anayamba kujambula zinthu moona zimaonetsa zinthu zokhudza mfundo ndi chatsekedwa ndipo osagwirizana moyo ndi ufulu. Mfundo imeneyi chinali chiyambi cha Kuzindikira yovuta. Kuzindikira za moyo, chitetezo mbuye kalasi, zimatsutsana osati kwa kayendedwe ka zinthu zawo, koma nthawi wotsatira, zoona chinaonekeranso mwa luso.

Tili Kuzindikira sikupatsa zolinga ndi ulalo zotengera malingaliridwe pakati pa mitundu uzkosotsialnymi ndi Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a ubwenzi umenewu ndiwo kuphunzira zinthu chikhalidwe, komanso mkati anthufe timafuna wabwinobwino, free, mulibe anthu kulankhula ndi anthu ena.

Nthawi zambiri mu mabuku a nthawi ndi chilakolako anafotokoza mu mawonekedwe a chikondi - kumverera kuti alibe kuzindikira classifications aliyense chikhalidwe ndipo kusiyana. Mwinanso atasemphana anthu amene ali ndi maganizo osiyana ndi amene ankalamulira ankakakamiza maudindo osiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chilakolako lingalembedwenso mawu okha zinthu zopindulitsa kwa anthu. Ndiponso, munthu amene zina anayesa kulimbikitsa mfundo ya disinterested, si chikhalidwe, ufulu wa anthu monga kulankhulana yachibadwa ya anthu ndi mzake.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, wosuliza Kuzindikira mabuku khama munthu kukhala "anthu", ndi maganizo angwiro ndi chilakolako dyera kumabweretsa kutsutsana ndi dongosolo alipo mozungulira icho. Kulikonse kutsindika pa yekha makhalidwe abwino anthu: wamba kuona mtima, kukhulupirika bourgeois ukoma aluntha, otchuka wa m'banja lachifumu.

Mapangidwe yovuta Kuzindikira luso zinachitika mogwirizana kwambiri ndi kayendedwe ambiri demokalase wa anthu a ku Ulaya. Tikumbukenso, ndi atasemphana motsutsa French Bourbon mafumu, ndipo kenako motsutsa zolinga za bourgeoisie lalikulu zosiyanasiyana ulamuliro ndiponso chuma. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali anthu British nkhondo demokalase mu dziko, ndi chimodzimodzi bourgeois ulamuliro. Kuyenera anati za kukana oposa zana zakubadwa mtundu German ndipo nkhondo yake kwa kusintha bourgeois-demokalase. Mu Russia, gulu odana ang'onoang'ono unakhazikitsidwa mu zaka za m'ma 19, zimene zinaphatikizapo otchuka chosintha, ndipo kenako ena strata chikhalidwe - ogwira ntchito, osawuka, anthu wamba, ndi bourgeoisie.