Small Golden mphete ya Russia: mndandanda wa mizinda, zokopa ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Russia ali wolemera kwambiri mu zokopa alendo. Mbiri zaka zakubadwa, wamphamvu ndi wapadera chikhalidwe cha mzinda lingathe ulemerero woona wa dziko. Kupeza chithunzithunzi za limatchula za chikhalidwe Russian, tiyenera kuona osachepera Small Golden mphete ya Russia. Mndandanda wa mizinda m'gulu njira, zingasiyane mu mabungwe osiyana, koma pachikhalidwe amaphatikizapo eyiti midzi kwambiri Russian.

Kodi Golden mphete

Large ndi Small Golden mphete ya Russia - ndi njirazo alendo mumzinda wakale Russian. mankhwala alendo anaonekera mu 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, pamene panali zokopa alendo chachikulu Soviet nzika kudutsa expanses kudzikolakwathu. Title Author anakhala mtolankhani Yuri Bychkov, amene limafalitsa mu 1967 mu nyuzipepala "Soviet Culture" mndandanda wa essays zolembalemba ndi luso pa mizinda ya Russia wakale. Kenako, dzinali linali mwalamulo anakonza njira ya mzinda wotchuka.

mbali njira

Limatchula za njira kwagona kuti palibe mndandanda umodzi wa mizinda mwawomwawo, ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni ya kuyang'anira. Kusiyanaku kuyamba ndi PAD Launch. Kumene akuyamba njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia? St. Petersburg kapena Moscow - ndi poyambira mphete lalikulu. Small zambiri kumayambira Sergiev Posad ndi Vladimir. Mbali yapadera ya njira ndi osati mwayi kuti gulu zozungulira mzinda ndi mzinda, komanso kuchoka zozungulira kuchokera m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kukhala mu Suzdal ndi ku kupita Kideksha ndi Yuriev-Chipolishi. Chotero makina kwambiri ndi pafupifupi m'mizinda yonse wotchuka nawo Golden mphete.

mndandanda wa mizinda

Njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia, yomwe ndi mndandanda wa mizinda kusiyana pang'ono ndi aliyense bungwe, ali kale m'gulu akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu mitu wakale. Iwo - Vladimir, Rostov, Pereslavl, Suzdal, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, Sergiev Posad.

Komabe, njira akhoza Komanso akupanga mizinda yaing'ono monga Alexandria, wolowezana, Ples, Uglich. Mabungwe amakana kukaona Ivanovo, mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe n'lofunika kwambiri poyerekeza mizinda ina likulu la maukulu Russian. Nthawi zina njira za zimamangidwa kuzungulira m'mizinda iwiri kapena itatu kwambiri spaced ndi malo awo. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi Vladimir pali mizinda 23, woimira chidwi ndithu alendo.

Vladimir

Njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia, mzinda wa ngale ya chikhalidwe Russian, kawirikawiri imayamba ndi Vladimir. Idamangidwa pa Grand Prince Vladimir Yofiira Sun m'chaka 990. Kukula kwa mzinda chikugwirizana ndi dzina Vladimira Monomaha ndi Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Zokopa chachikulu kuti anaphonya ndi Golden Chipata, ndipo Cathedral wa Akukwera - ndi chipilala kwambiri a zomangamanga wakale Russian. kachisi anapulumuka frescoes angapo Andreya Rubleva.

Okwana mzinda anakhalabe mchitidwe umenewu 10 ndipo mipingo ya panyengo zosiyanasiyana zakale zomwe ndi kunyada kwa chikhalidwe Russian. Iwo Demetrius Cathedral ndi Khirisimasi obisika, Utatu Old Okhulupirira mpingo ndi nyumba zina. Vladimir ndi chidwi mu madera ake ali oposa 200 zipilala chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe osiyana, ena mwa iwo m'gulu mndandanda UNESCO. About m'tauni ya nthano zambiri, iwo kulankhula za mmene kulenga Golden Chipata m'nyumba ya moyo kazembe ndi kubweretsa izo Vladimir pakati sanachite kuthawa aliyense bwino. City zithumwa ndi zomangamanga ku nthawi zosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chapadera.

Pereslavl

Izi wakale mzinda Russian m'gulu njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia kuyamika mchitidwe wakale. A mumzinda wa 6, 4 wa iwo - akuchita. Maofesi mchitidwe zitsanzo zazikulu za wakale Russian zomangamanga mpingo, iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphunzira mbiri ya zomangamanga Russian. m'tawuni ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja Pleshcheeva, amene yokha ndi kukopa. Iye watsala 30 Zaka chikwi kuya kwake - mamita 25, ndipo malo - mamita lalikulu 50. Km. Suli kutali m'mudzimo buluu mwala, changati chimwalacho masekeli tonnes 12 amasonyeza thambo ndi kuphimba angapo a zinsinsi ndi nthano. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwala si anaphimba mu chisanu, wotsatira kwa iye ndi Wood, cholakalaka-wokwanitsidwa. Imafotokoza kuti mwala likupita mbali iliyonse. City zithumwa ndi miyeso yake ndi moyo chikhalidwe, apa zabwino limasonyeza peculiarities wa khalidwe Russian.

Suzdal

mzinda china chachikulu, mbali ya njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia - Suzdal. Mzinda wa bata akugwirabe mzimu wa Russia wakale, palibe nyumba zitalizitali komanso misewu phokoso, mukhoza umasinthasintha kuyendayenda m'misewu yopapatiza, wina akapuma pa "mpweya wa nthawi olden." Spaso-Efimevskomu obisika zaka zoposa 600 pa m'gawo lake mutha kuona aang'ono 30 a nthawi zosiyanasiyana zakale.

5 Monga Suzdal mchitidwe umenewu, chidwi Museum zomangamanga matabwa, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona dongosolo la ambuye akale analenga popanda misomali limodzi. Suzdal, ndiwo zaka pafupifupi 1,000 zapitazo, Akuzigwira zipilala ambiri a kamangidwe ka zaka 12-19. Lililonse July pali akudutsa wapadera ndi maholide wokondwa kwambiri nkhaka. Ndipo mzinda ndi malo anazindikira kuti yopanga mead, pali anakhalabe fakitale popanga kumwa ngakhale tebulo achifumu.

Kostroma

Small ulendo wa Golden mphete ya Russia chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kudzacheza kwa Kostroma. Kodi mzinda wakale pa mtsinje wa Volga ndi malo Ivan Susanin ndi mbiri onyada. Kostroma anakhazikitsidwa mu 1152 Yuriem Dolgorukim. Special ulemerero tawuni apindulira pa Nthawi ya Mavuto pamene wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Mikhail Romanov anapulumutsidwa ndi Polyakov Ivanom Susaninym ndi zobisika Ipatiev obisika. Mu zaka wotsatira, Kostroma anali makonzedwe apadera a m'banja lachifumu. Mu mzinda pali awiri okhulupirika kumene kumakhala Amonke zovuta: Ipatiev ndi Epiphany. Kostroma imatengedwa malo amene Snow Buthu, ngakhale pano pali nsanja yake, amene anafika ndi ana ndi akulu omwe. Kostroma Special chithumwa amapereka kukayenda mumasangalala nawo pamodzi Volga, ku sitimayo amapereka maganizo zazikulu za mzinda wakale umenewu.

Yaroslavl

Njira Golden mphete ya Russia (Big ndi Small) kwenikweni umadutsa mzinda wakale wa Yaroslavl. Ndi kuthetsa malo amenewa anakhala kutali mmbuyo monga nthawi Neolithic. Koma mapangidwe mzinda kugwirizana ndi dzina Yaroslava Mudrogo. Pali nthano za maonekedwe a mzinda - kuno amati Prince Yaroslav anagonjetsa chimbalangondo ulemu wa mwambo umenewu, mzinda odula manja imakongoletsa chimbalangondo ndi nkhwangwa. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amakayikira Baibulo ili, kuti mzinda yaikidwa wina kalonga ndithu dzina chomwecho. Chosaiwalika wamkulu ndi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Spassky ansembe yotchedwa, izo unalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 16. Mpingo wa Eliya Mneneri ndi Ioanna Predtechi ndi nkhani ya kunyada wapadera wa mzinda, iwo amapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri wotchuka Yaroslavl mapulani sukulu. Wapadera Tolga ansembe yotchedwa ntchito mu mzinda kuyambira m'ma 14 ndipo mmodzi wa wamkulu mu Russia. mipingo Old ndi nyumba mu Yaroslavl ali paliponse mumzinda akuzisunga chikhalidwe cha Kale, inajambulidwa mu misewu kwambiri mafilimu mbiri.

Sergiev Posad

Njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia zambiri akuyamba ndi mzinda wa Sergiev Posad, limene lili ndi njira yabwino ku Moscow. The kukopa waukulu mumzinda ndi Utatu, Sergio Lavra - mmodzi wa amonke wamkulu Stauropegial mu Russia. Idamangidwa kumbuyo mu 1337, apo anabatizidwa Ivan Grozny, ndi mbiri ya agulupa ndi umakhudza mbiri Russian.

mzinda ndi kunyadira yaulemerero Elias Church akale, womwenso pa magombe a dziwe cellarer. Chimakopa amwendamnjira zozizwitsa Getsemane Skete wa Chernigov, omwe si mwaluso a zomangamanga wakale, komanso malo opempherera ndi chilango cha zopempha machiritso. Chozizwitsa cha chikhalidwe ndi mathithi Gremyachiy kiyi mu mzinda Sergiev Posad. mzinda imatengedwa mtima wa Russian Orthodoxy, ndipo apa pali mzimu wapadera wa chikhulupiriro ndi chisomo.

Rostov Veliky

Rostov ndi ngale weniweni wa njira Small Golden mphete ya Russia. Reviews la alendo kudzacheza mzinda uwu wa ponda ndi maganizo yowala. Ndithudi, mzinda ali ndi china choti awonetse.

Rostov anakhazikitsidwa mu chaka 862 wakhala ulinso mu moyo wa boma Russian. Mu mzinda muli oposa 300 zipilala mbiri ya Nthawi osiyana. Kwenikweni alendo ndi ulendo wakale woyera mwala Rostov Kremlin. Komanso mu mzinda kupitiriza ntchito zingapo wamkulu Russian mchitidwe umenewu. maganizo kungachitike kujambulidwa pa mphepete mwa nyanja ya Nero, amene zaka - zaka zoposa 500 zikwi. A chidwi: Rostov ali yachilendo owonetsera zakale umatetezera ndi Museum Chule Mfumukazi.