Cathedral Square wa Moscow Kremlin: dongosolo, chithunzi, maonekedwe, mbiri, ndi zithunzi. Ali Cathedral Square?

Cathedral Square wa Moscow Kremlin - wapadera kamangidwe mbiri chipilala. Nthawi yaikulu ya mapangidwe gulu loyimba zazikulu - XV-XVI atumwi.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Kulimbikitsa udindo chuma cha Moscow ukulu zinachititsa kuti chiyambi cha ankamanga matchalitchi zazikulu aang'ono. Duke Dmitrii Donskoy ndi Ivan Kalyta analamula kumanga akachisi, amene amadziwika dongosolo m'tsogolo ndiponso okhudza malo Kamangidwe m'dera zikuchokera. Mwatsoka, nyumba imene si waliteteza. Mu ulamuliro wa Ivan III mu malo omwewo inamangidwa akachisi latsopano, woyenera likulu lalikulu la boma la Russia.

pakuti Building

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha maonekedwe ake Cathedral Square wa Moscow Kremlin lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyambo, akuguba. Pa ukwati mu ulamuliro wa coronations ndi masiku a tchuthi kwambiri achipembedzo m'gawo lake inachitika kanthu ambiri. Ikani khonde Faceted Komiti cholinga chake chinali kulandira akazembe yachilendo. m'dera anawoloka pamaliro ku malo othawirako otsiriza a makolo akale, metropolitans, mafumu ndi atsogoleri chachikulu.

Cathedral Square mu Moscow mu zaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, osati kamodzi adzamvetsere slabs mwala zopangidwa sandstone. A zaka zingapo zaka mazana makumi awiri zinali bwalo. Pa kumanganso mu 1955 m'dera anapezanso mwala mbewu.

Zinthu zimene alibe anapulumuka

The gulu loyimba wa Cathedral Square wa Moscow Kremlin mobwerezabwereza losandulizika. Poyamba anamangidwira padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa yomanga mtengo. Mmodzi wa iwo anatha kupulumuka ku likulu yosatha ya moto, Ena lawola, ndiye mu malo awo anamangidwira atsopano. Pafupifupi akachisi, onse tsopano ataima Cathedral Square, anali akalambula. Wotchuka wa zinthu tsopano, analipo - Mpingo mafunsidwe a Robe, Temple Solovetsky ochita zozizwitsa, Angelo Cathedral, ndi Annunciation ndi Akukwera, akale khololo Palace.

Panali nyumba kuti anawonongedwa kapena kwambiri kuonongeka ndi mdani. Kotero izo zinali pa Time Wamkulu wa Mavuto (chaka 1612) ndi nkhondo ya Napoleon (1812). Mwachitsanzo, pamene asilikali a ku France anali Akuthawa likulu, koma unawonongedwa ndi wapadera Filaret alumikiza kwa belu nsanja Ivana Velikogo. The anaonazo ziwachitikira yapafupi atatu chikhato belfry. Sanasunge ndi mpingo Ioanna Lestvichnika. Iwo anamangidwira ngakhale mwa dongosolo la Ivan Kalita mu 1329. Kapangidwe anali octagonal mawonekedwe ndi arches kwa mabelu, limene lili pansi chachiwiri. Ake mosavuta m'nthawi ya chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi cholinga kuchotsa gawo kumangira belu nsanja polemekeza Ivana Velikogo.

Maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka kumanga mipingo kusintha njira kuti nthawi chofunika. maofesi ena wodzilemekeza ndi mitu latsopano, cloisters ndi zinthu zina.

NKHANI kalembedwe mapulani

Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin Square (chithunzi m'nkhani ino) ali zina lililonse sukulu mapulani a Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu ndi Pskov. Ambuye anaitanidwa kuchokera ku malo awiri a Russian mwala zomangamanga, kumanga matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono osati Pamilunguyo njira yapamwamba, komanso kumabweretsa latsopano. Mwachitsanzo, pomanga ndondomeko Rizopolozhensky mpingo kwa nthawi yoyamba anapanga mkulu chapansi. Pskov sukulu yathandiza kwambiri pa ulemerero wa pamakoma. Choncho, mu akachisi ambiri mutha kuona kumathandiza kuchepetsa, lamba yokongola pa ng'oma domes beguntsy, atatu bladed Baibulo la wapakamwa wathunthu. Koma Vladimir-Suzdal sukulu, kukopa kwake umboni kwambiri mamangidwe a Akukwera Cathedral (yopapatiza arched mazenera ndi lamba apse a).

kalembedwe latsopano

Pamaziko a kaphatikizidwe wa zinthu zapadera za sukulu ziwiri za zomangamanga zofunika dera m'nthawi ya cisanu panali rannemoskovskogo kalembedwe khalidwe mwala zomangamanga, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa Onse-Russian. Zinali zosiyana muyezo corbel arches pa wapakamwa pa, akuchuluka ndi chapakati whorls spindle ndi arches podpruzhnymi. Pankhaniyi, ng'oma chapakati mzikiti bwino kwambiri ankatembenukira ku dera kum'mawa kwa buku yomanga.

mumaganiza kunja

Kwa kanthawi Cathedral Square wa Moscow Kremlin unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha zomangamanga choopsa cha ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ngakhale kuti anapempha mapulani yachilendo kuti ankayesetsa kutsatira njira mwambo yomanga nyumba yomangidwa ku Russia, yokongola ya pamakoma a ena nyumba (Cathedral wa Angelo, ndi Faceted Komiti ndi ena) allocated zinthu ankaikira nyumba Florence. Pakati pawo, kamangidwe mipata zenera, ndi maseche, komanso zokongoletsera. Mwachitsanzo, Bon Fryazin nthawi yoyamba mu Russia ntchito zitsulo screed mu ndondomeko yomanga. Kenako, izi mchitidwe wamba kuti alengeze chinalepheretsa kugwa kwa belu nsanja Ivana Velikogo pamene inu muyesera kuwomba izo mu 1812

A pang'ono za mapulani

Mwatsoka, zikalata za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu pali zambiri mayina awo, zikomo amene anaonekera Cathedral Square wa Moscow Kremlin. Macitidwe amatchula Krivtsov ndi Myshkin - Mutu artisanal osema miyala ku Pskov, chinkhoswe mu erection wa Annunciation Church ndi mpingo Rizopolozhensky.

Chifukwa cha kusowa mapulani ake aluso mu Moscow anayamba kuitana alendo. Mmodzi wa akufika loyamba la akatswiri Italy - Aristotle Fioravanti. Asogolera ndondomeko ya pomanga Mfundo Cathedral. The erection wa wotchuka Palace ya Mbali chinkhoswe Marko Fryazin Pierre Antonio Solari. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, pomanga Mfundo Cathedral walunjika Aleviz latsopano.

Kwambiri lachinsinsi la ambuye Italy otchedwa udindo winanso Fryazino. Za moyo wake ndi ntchito, tingati palibe zambiri. Iye anali kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga ndondomeko ya tiers awiri loyamba la belfry Ivana Velikogo. Zimenezi zinachitika zaka 1505-1508. nkhani yake anapitiriza Petroc Minor - komanso Italy. Iye anagwira ntchito pa malo pomanga boma la Russia kwa zaka seventini (1522), luso lake lalikulu ndi udindo akutsimikiza mutu Architecton. kuzindikira zimenezi zingachititse kudzitama awiri kokha Italy - Solari ndi Chatsopano Aleviz.

modernity

Ngati Cathedral Square wa Moscow tsopano, akuwoneka Kremlin? Galimoto gulu loyimba, ndithudi, kusanduka pa nthawi. Chofunika, azambiriyakale, lokonza ndi akatswiri ena anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri kuti abwezeretse tione wapadera zipilala ambiri chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Panopa ntchito kwambiri zaka XV-XVI, amawonekera alendo akutama mu ulemerero wake onse. Taonani zina zinthu mwatsatanetsatane.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin Square (dongosolo kum'mwera chakumadzulo mbali izo zimanyezimiritsa) amadziwika Cathedral anamanga Pskov ambuye mu 1484-1489. Kuyambira m'masiku a ulamuliro wa Ivan III ndi chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi Annunciation Cathedral kunali kumudzi mpingo wa mafumu a Russia. Kachisi amene ali korona domes asanu gilded - zikuchokera ogwirizana mu rannemoskovskogo mapulani kalembedwe sukulu. Mkati inu mukhoza amasirira zitsanzo osowa wa kupenta achipembedzo cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. The kwabasi zovuta mawonekedwe akufotokoza mfundo ya utumiki Mpingo Orthodox mu Russia monga m'malo molunjika kwa Ufumu wa Byzantium.

Cathedral wa Angelo

Pakali pano, mnyumba muno akutumikira monga manda ambiri Russian olamulira. Ndi ili mu gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa apakati. Pa maonekedwe kukongoletsa la kachisi kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi mfundo za sukulu ku Italy Kamangidwe ka Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kusinthidwa tchalitchi anamangidwira pa malo anali kudwala kwambiri ndi chimvula mpingo Arhangela Mihaila (yomanga zaka - khumi ndi zinayi). Ntchito yomanga mumgwirizano wangwiro ndi gulu loyimba a boma la Russia.

Faceted Komiti

Kapangidwe Izi anafuna maphwando bwalo ndi miyambo. Iwo anamangidwira mu nthawi kuchokera 1487 ndi 1491, mapulani Italy ndi Ruffo Solari ankayang'anira ntchito yomanga. Kupanga kum'mawa wapakamwa faceted chidude olowa ndi zida Lancet mawindo chifukwa cha mphamvu ya zomangamanga Italy. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri mpanda wa House utoto yekha Ushakov.

Ivan Wamkulu Bell

yomanga kunja cholinga kusonyeza mphamvu ya Russia. Kwa nthawi yaitali, belu nsanja anali Nyumba yaitali mu likulu ndipo anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri monga waukulu wotchi-nsanja ya boma la Russia. Iwo wakhala miyeso yolinganizira pomanga izi chipilala mipingo kudutsa dzikoli.

kopanda Cathedral

Ichi ndi zazikulu Orthodox mpingo wa Russia. Linamangidwa pa chitsanzo cha tchalitchi ku Vladimir. Zaka yomanga - 1475-1479. Pa mzikiti chapakati mtanda gilded yakwera pa msinkhu wa mamita makumi asanu. Mwa mpanda wa kachisi uyu tinakwatirana mu ulamuliro wa olamulira Russian ndi anakwezedwa udindo Orthodox hierarchs. Masiku ano, pali m'manda ambiri a mbadwa ndi metropolitans a dziko. Bright holo chapakati utoto ambuye mazana a luso lawo.

Kodi kumeneko?

Ali Cathedral Square? Wapadera gulu loyimba lili pa dera la Moscow Kremlin. N'zotheka galimoto basi № 6 kapena №№ trolley 1, 33 (Lekani kupita "Borovitskaya m'dera"), komanso pa yapansi (Stations "Alexander Garden", "Borovitskaya", "Arbatskaja", "Library iwo. Lenin ").

Pomaliza

Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin Square (mapu gulu loyimba limaoneka m'nkhani) - ndi ntchito wofuna. Pa zisanu zana nkhani yake iye ananena mobwerezabwereza anakhala malo zikuluzikulu zochitika m'mbiri tsikuli.