Strategic yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 95: mbali ndi chithunzi

The Lachiwiri 95 - losatha yoponya mabomba, yomwe ili pa zida Russian. Ndi zida zoopsa za turboprop mphamvu zoyendera. Lero ndi mmodzi wa zoponya mabomba yachangu mu dziko. The codification American amatchedwa "chimbalangondo". Izi otsiriza Russian turboprop ndege anavomera mu kuŵeta. Pakadali ali zambiri zosintha.

Mbiri ya zomangamanga

Yoponya mabomba yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 95 maonekedwe woyamba kulengedwa ndi Andrei Tupolev mu 1949. Development anali potengera chitsanzo 85-TH la ndegeyo. Mu 1950, nkhani zandale kuzungulira USSR inalamula yomweyo phindu njira. Ichi chinali chifukwa chilengedwe cha watsopano chida patsogolo ndi mkulu-liwiro ndi akuyendetsa makhalidwe. Cholinga cha chitukuko anali kukwaniritsa osiyanasiyana pazipita kwa nthawi yayifupi zotheka.

M'chaka cha 1951 polojekiti ankapita ndi N. Bazenkov, koma posachedwapa anali m'malo mwa S. Eger. Ndi "Tengelelani" imatengedwa kukhala tate wa otsiriza. Kale pa siteji yoyamba ya yoponya mabomba kujambula Lachiwiri 95 kudabwa ndi kukula kwake ndi mphamvu. mtengo wotonza mmwamba anali anasonkhanitsa yoti awalankhule tsatanetsatane wa polojekiti.

Mu October 1951, Lachiwiri 95 potsiriza ovomerezedwa kupanga. zinachitika chitukuko zinachitika miyezi ingapo. Izo zinali kokha mu September 1952, ndege chidapatsidwa mwa Zhukovsky airfield. mayesero Factory si yaitali kubwera. Kuyesedwa ndi bwino, choncho patatha mwezi umodzi, anaganiza kugwira pa woyamba yoponya mabomba nyemba. mayesero anapitiriza pafupifupi chaka. Chifukwa, ndege pulogalamu yoyeseza pa woyendetsa chowululidwa angapo mavuto aakulu. Mayeso analephera galimoto lachitatu. gearbox wake anawonongedwa ndi moto pambuyo miyezi iwiri yokha pambuyo chiyambi cha mayeso. Choncho, akatswiri inakumana ndi ntchito kukonza zolakwika kuti zobwera izi zikhoza akuchotsedwa mu ndege enieni. Kumapeto kwa 1953 chifukwa cha mavuto ofanana anafa 11 munthu adalira, kuphatikizapo mtsogoleri wa.

buthulo ndege

The watsopano zinachitika yoponya mabomba analowa ndege mu February 1955. Ndiye, mayeso woyendetsa anaikidwa M. Nyuhtikov. Zinali iye amene anapanga ndege yoyamba pa zinachitika latsopano. Mayesero anamalizidwa okha patapita chaka. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi njira yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 95 yoponya mabomba anaulukira 70 flights.

Mu 1956, ndege anayamba kufika pa ndege Uzyn ntchito m'tsogolo. Yoponya mabomba wamakono anayamba ndi mapeto a 1950. Kupanga ndi tsankho msonkhano Lachiwiri 95 chinkhoswe Kuibyshevsky ndege fakitale. Kumeneko kwa nthawi yoyamba panali yofanana zida ndi zokwana nyukiliya. Pang'onopang'ono, chitsanzo 95th anamangidwanso pansi onse zosowa asilikali kuti: kufufuza, mabomba lakutali zolinga ntchito m'sitimayo, zasayansi mpweya, etc ...

Panopa, kuŵeta ya Lachiwiri 95 zii. Koma ntchitoyi akadali mothandizidwa ndi Air Force ndi boma la Russia.

kapangidwe

Chida ali ndi yoyenda yokha mwachindunji panopa dongosolo chakudya cha Kutentha mapiko, muyezo ndi stabilizer zomangira. injini zigwirizana biaxial waika tsamba AB-60K. Katundu chipinda lili pakati pa fuselage pafupi Launcher, kumene ndi kuliika asanu mivi wovuta. Pali kuthekera kugwirizana katundu zina kuyimitsidwa.

Russian Lachiwiri 95 ndi galimoto mpweya ndi tricycle ankafika zida. Ulendo uliwonse gudumu kumbuyo ali yake dongosolo ananyema. Posintha thandizo retracted mu fuselage ndi mapiko-nacelle. Awiri kutsogolo kwa mawilo ali okonzeka ndi dongosolo hayidiroliki, ndipo kumbuyo - ndi njira magetsi ndi chimodzi mphamvu mpaka 5200 Watts. Emergency kutsegula galimotoyo n'chotheka mothandizidwa ndi winch a.

The kanyumba pressurized ndi adalira. Mwadzidzidzi mipando ejection ali disengaged ku ndege kudzera zimaswa wapadera, limene lili pamwamba ikamatera zida kutsogolo. Monga ngowe kwa manja ntchito conveyor lamba. Ejection kuchokera kumbuyo kwa yoponya mabomba a amaperekedwa kudzera zimaswa resettable.

Dziwani kuti chida ali okonzeka ndi moyo wapadera raft vuto la ndegeyo pangozi pa madzi.

injini zofunika

Turboprop Lachiwiri 95 ndi pakati pa atatu amphamvu kwambiri lalikulu-kanyumba ndege mu dziko. chotsatirachi zimatheka chifukwa cha galimoto TC-12, amene ali mkulu-dzuwa chopangira mphamvu 14 siteji ndi kompresa. Kusintha magawo, dongosolo la mavavu kulambalala mpweya. Pamene chopangira mphamvu dzuwa la SC-12 ukufika pafupifupi 35%. Izi chizindikiro pakati zoponya mabomba turboprop ndi umboni.

Kuti magawowa kusintha kwa kotunga injini mafuta alembedwera chipika limodzi. Mphamvu NK-12 ndi 15 zikwi za zaka. a. Pankhaniyi, adaponya ndi pafupifupi 12 chikwi. Makilogalamu. Ndi mafuta zonse chipinda ndege kuwuluka maola 2500 (za 105 masiku). Njinga kulemera ndi matani 3.5. Kutalika kwa NK-12 akuimira gulu 5-mita.

The sangathe ndi injini phokoso ake okwezeka. Pakali pano, ichi ndi ndege loudest mu dziko. umatha kudziwa ngakhale locator unsembe sitima zankhondo. Komano, pamene kamenyedwe nyukiliya si nkhani yovuta.

Mwa makhalidwe ena zida ndi kupereka zomangira 5.6-mita. Chinanso chochititsa chidwi odana icing dongosolo la masamba. Ndi electrothermal unsembe. Mafuta umaperekedwa kwa injini ndi fuselage ya akasinja ndi caisson. Pogwiritsa ntchito kothandiza ndiponso bwino zomangira dongosolo HPT Motero "Hardy" njira ndege ndege osiyanasiyana wachibale chinthu chiwerengedwa nthawi Lachiwiri 95.

Features chida

ndegeyo akhoza kumakhalamo mamembala 9 adalira. Chifukwa ntchito yeniyeni yoponya mabomba m'litali ali ndi mamita 46,2. Akukhudza mapiko limodzi ndi pafupifupi 50 m. Makulidwe njira chida kwenikweni kugunda view. m'dera limodzi lokha la mapiko imafuna kuti 290 sq. m.

Misa Lachiwiri 95 Akuti pa matani 83,1. Komabe, ndi kulemera chonse thanki ndi kuchuluka kwa 120 zikwi. Makilogalamu. Ndipo pansi pa katundu kulemera pazipita kuposa matani 170. Yoyezedwa mphamvu ya dongosolo zosagwiritsa - 40 zikwi kW ..

Chifukwa NK-12 yoponya mabomba amatha kuthamanga mpaka 890 Km / h. anayambitsa okha kwa Autopilot 750 Km / h. Zochita osiyanasiyana chida ndege ndi 12 zikwi. Km. kutukula denga zimasiyanasiyana kuti 11,8 Km. Pakuti zofunika chofunika gulu la mamita 2.3 zikwi.

armament yoponya mabomba

ndege amatha kukweza mu mpweya matani 12 a zipolopolo. Anaika mabomba mu fuselage chipinda. Anandilola ndi svobodnopadayuschih mivi nyukiliya kulemera okwana matani 9.

Lachiwiri 95 lokha ali ndi zida mwangwiro kumbuyo. Amakhala ndi 23 millimeter Cannon. Mu zosintha kwambiri anaika wophatikizidwa AM 23 pansi, pamwamba ndi aft mbali ya ndegeyo. Nthawi zina pali mfuti ndege GS 23.

Pankhani ya khazikitsa sitima zapamadzi AM 23 zida ndi njira yapadera basi mafuta m'zigawo. Mfuti amamangiriridwa ku kasupe ndi damper amatsogolera bokosi thupi. Bawuti milandu onse, ndi mphero limbikitsa. Pakuti yosungirako mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa amadza kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mfuti ntchito yapadera mpweya wagawo adzapereke.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti AM 23 m'litali ndi za 1.5 mamita. Kulemera kwa oterowo mfuti ndi 43 kg. kuwombera liwiro - mpaka akatemera 20 pa mphindi.

mavuto opaleshoni

Chitukuko cha zida anayamba ndi mavuto appreciable. Mmodzi wa kuipa kwa chachikulu chinali kanyumba. Poyamba Lachiwiri 95 anali bwino kusinthidwa kwa flights losatha. Chifukwa mipando wovuta ogwira ntchito zambiri kumbuyo ankamva kuphwanya, miyendo yake dzanzi. Chimbudzi ndi onse ochiritsira kunyamula thanki ndi commode a. Komanso, inali youma kwambiri ndi otentha mu kanyumba mpweya anali impregnated ndi fumbi mafuta. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, oyendetsa anakana flights prodelyvat yaitali mu ndege kotero osakonzekera.

Mobwerezabwereza anali ndi mavuto ndi dongosolo mafuta ndi injini. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi osakaniza anali unakhuthala mchere kuti siwokhuzidwa liwiro wononga. Mu masiteji naye kuyambira injini anali kutenthetsa chopangira mphamvu pasadakhale. zinthu zasintha ndi kutulutsidwa kupanga zikuluzikulu mafuta wapadera engine.

Ntchito yoyamba

Lachiwiri 95 koyamba mabanga pabwalo la ndege ku Kyiv dera mochedwa 1955. Mwamwayi, zosintha angapo la apachiyambi chibatizidwireni 409 TBAP. Chaka chotsatira, unapangidwa wina Regiment magawano, amene anapeza malo anayi Lachiwiri 95. Kwa nthawi yaitali, chida onyamula zida anali kokha Chiyukireniya Soviet Air Force. Komabe, kuyambira zaka za 1960 mochedwa. Lachiwiri 95 ndi zosintha ake anamaliza hangars asilikali m'dera la masiku ano Russia.

Kupanga regiments kuzungulira zoponya mabomba anali kudziwa kunyanyala pa magulu njira NATO kum'mwera kwa Asia, komanso China. Ndege nthawizonse tcheru. Posachedwapa, boma la US ndinawona kudzikundikira loipalo mphamvu nkhondowo pa zapansi awo ndiponso kugwirizana zamtendere akhala chikugwirizana. Motero, boma la Soviet Union anali kumwazikana kwambiri chida pa madera ake.

Popeza 1960, ntchentche. Lachiwiri 95 kenako anaona pa Arctic, nyanja ya Indian Ocean, Atlantic zone ndi Britain. Mobwerezabwereza zimenezi wa dziko anachita azitengapo, akugogoda chida. Komabe, mkulu wa Zikatero palibe timva anali sizinachitike.

ntchito posachedwapa

M'chaka cha 2007, chida Russian mobwerezabwereza anati mpweya kwa Zochita ankhondo a British Army. zochitika ngati zimenezi zinachitika Gulf wa Clyde ndi Hebrides. Komabe, nthawi iliyonse kwa maminiti pang'ono mu mlengalenga kuwuka omenyana British ndi kunyanyala anaopseza anali limodzi ndi Lachiwiri 95 kupitirira malire ake.

Kuchokera mu 2007 mpaka 2008, chida onyamula zinali kuonekera pa zapansi asilikali ndi ndege onyamula NATO. Nthawi imeneyi, panali munthu wagwa yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 95. mafotokozedwe Official zalembedwa pa zimayambitsa ngozi.

Lero "Kunakhala" kupitiriza ntchito padziko lonse nzeru.

ndege Alengeza

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zaka 2 pali lalikulu ngozi yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 95. Palimodzi pa ntchito ya inaonongeka 31 chida. chiwerengero cha akufa ndi anthu 208.

Ngozi zaposachedwapa Lachiwiri 95 kunachitika mu July 2015. Ngoziyi zinachitikira kusinthidwa ndege. Chifukwa chachikulu kugwa kwa akatswiri kuyitana chakale thanzi la wagawo ndi.

Ngozi yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 95 MS ali ankanena moyo wa anthu awiri adalira. Itawonongedwa chinachitika pafupi Khabarovsk. Mwamwayi, pa chida mu ndege yomweyo anakana injini onse.

zida

Lachiwiri 95 kuyenda bwino VVS USSR mpaka Soviet Union linagwa mu 1991. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mbali yaikulu anali mu utumiki wa Ukraine - pafupifupi 25 sitima zankhondo. Onse a iwo anali mbali ya katundu Regiment wapadera Uzin. Mu 1998, m'munsi anali unatha. Zotsatira zake zinali kulipira ndege ndipo chitayiko chawo wotsatira. Part wa zoponya mabomba anali n'kukhala ndi kubweretsa malonda.

Mu 2000, Ukraine m'manja otsala Russian Lachiwiri 95 kuti alipire ngongole anthu. Kuchuluka okwana malipiro anali pafupifupi $ miliyoni 285. Mu 2002, 5 Lachiwiri 95 chasinthidwa ndi ndege Mipikisano zinchito lolemera.

Pakali pano, ndi armament Russian tso za 30 sitima zankhondo. Wina mayunitsi 60 ali mu yosungirako.

zosintha Major

The kusintha ambiri ndi original Lachiwiri 95 MS. Ndege onyamula sitima KH 55 mivi. Pakali pano, amakhalabe kwambiri pakati ena chitsanzo 95th.

Yotsatira wotchuka imatengedwa ndi kusinthidwa ya Lachiwiri 95 A. Ndi njira ntchito sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya. Iwo mbali makontena wapadera kasungidwe zokwana radiological. Komanso Dziwani ndi Baibulo maphunziro ndi zilembo "U" ndi "CS".

Kuyerekezera ndi analogues yachilendo

Kwambiri pafupifupi kwa specifications ya Lachiwiri 95 ndi American yoponya mabomba B-36J ndi B-25H. Kulemera mwadzina ndi kukula palibe kusiyana ofunika. Komabe, chida Russian akufotokozera kwambiri pafupifupi liwiro: 830 Km / h Versus 700 Km / h. Komanso Lachiwiri 95 ndi yaikulu nkhondowo utali wozungulira ndi osiyanasiyana. Komano, US analogues denga othandiza pamwamba pa 20% ndi zina lalikulu katundu Bay (matani 7-8). Samatha Motors pafupifupi wofanana.