Strategic yoponya mabomba ndege Lachiwiri-95MS "Tengelelani"

Pambuyo ku Russia wakhala adapitiriza ndege ya onyamula njira ndege mu kuchenjeza mode, atolankhani anayamba kuoneka malipoti kuti ndege Lachiwiri-95MS amaonedwa pafupi malire mpweya wa United Kingdom, Guam, Japan ndi malo ena kumene kale ntchito imeneyo silinkachitidwa. Air malire, mpweya wathu mphamvu sanataye, koma alankhule nawo mosamala kwambiri, amaona ngati khalidwe oipa. Nthawi zina kukakumana (makonzedwe) kuwuluka interceptors wa NATO, ndi chochitikacho idatha. Only panthawi mu dziko la wononga yoponya mabomba "Lachiwiri" ndemanga ena asilikali otchedwa "chidina". Ngakhale dzina lakuti ngati achipongwe, maonekedwe ake pafupi zolimbitsa malo a asilikali ndi navies wa mayiko a adani ndi nkhawa. Chifukwa chiyani?

Chiyambi cha nyengo ya "Hei, mabomba"

Lachiwiri-95MS "Tengelelani" - m'banja la "ndege-95-1", woyamba adakwatira kuti mpweya mu chaka cha 1952. Opaleshoni m'chilimwe gawo inayamba mu 1956, pafupi zofanana monga mu America, panali wina wotchuka B-52 onyamula utumiki lero. Events umene unachitika ndi prehistory ena.

Mu August 1945, US Air Force awiri atomiki mabomba a mizinda Japanese. Pa kufunika lankhondo la zimenezi asayansi ndale akadali amati, koma zimakhudza maganizo, ndithudi, anatenga malo. Nthawi ya psychosis atomiki. utsogoleri Stalin mosapita m'mbali kuti imfa ya ufulu geopolitical popanda mphamvu zawo nyukiliya wa USSR. Pankhaniyi, mabomba kwambiri (kale anayamba) sikokwanira, tiyenera njira yoperekera. Choyamba ndi zolondola muyeso anatengedwa umenewu unali pamwamba, "Boeing" B-29 "Stratofortress", ife wotchedwa Lachiwiri-4. Mu 1950 ndinayamba ku Korea, imene asilikali US kale miyambo ndi kutsimikiziridwa njira anadalira pa pamphasa mabomba ikuchitika ndi mpweya lalikulu lalikulu, akuuluka mapangidwe zolimba. dongosolo Komabe, analephera.

Kupanga a "Ikirani"

Pambuyo pa nkhope ya thambo mu omenyana ndege Korea MiG 15 chiopsezo wa B-29 linaonekera. The chododometsa anali kuti Soviet opanga ndege ndi manja awo kutsutsa mfundo za yoponya mabomba nyukiliya ndi injini pisitoni (mwachitsanzo, Lachiwiri-4), ndipo winayo wochokera kwa Soviet Union panthawi imeneyo sanali. Monga nkhani yofunika anaimitsidwa ntchito pa chitsanzo oyembekezera ya Lachiwiri 85 chifukwa cha obsolescence ake pa siteji kapangidwe. KB AN Tupolev anauzidwa kuti alenge latsopano ndege chonyamulira svobodnopadayuschih tonnage mabomba kuti akhoza kuwuluka apamwamba kwambiri, mofulumira ndipo adzakhala ndi wamkulu nkhondowo utali wozungulira. Kukhazikitsa ntchito zimenezo kokha ntchito injini chopangira mphamvu. Mu zaka za m'ma 1951, ntchito inayambika. Ndi 1952, iwo anali bwino, chifukwa anali ndege ndi wodzichepetsa index a "95", kusamutsidwa kwa airfield ndi "Zhukovsky" ndipo anasonkhana kumeneko. Kunja, pafupi sanali amasiyana Lachiwiri-95MS zoponya mabomba, zouluka lero.

ambiri zojambula

Mwa mfundo lero Kamangidwe "kunyamula" (as adatchedwa mu NATO) si zodabwitsa. Galimoto tingachipeze powerenga, ndi fuselage wa mtanda gawo zozungulira (zambiri Tupolev chisankho), chinapululutsa mapiko, sredneraspolozhennoe. Ndinadabwa akatswiri mu makumi asanu oyambirira chifukwa nacelle yaitali kwambiri chifukwa mkulu injini mphamvu zosiyanasiyana osaka Zoyenda malonda. The Lachiwiri-95MS si zida ndi zinayi (monga B 17 kapena B-29) zomangira ndi atatu. Pa wina olamulira a galimoto onsewo tinakwera oppositely awiri (kuyamika chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri zida), ndingaliro ya masamba amene ali ndi polarity zosiyana. Motero zonse kulongosola mpweya, motero kukwaniritsa ndi dzuwa kwambiri (mpaka 82%). njira yomweyo anabweretsa magawo a amagetsi pa Lachiwiri-95MS mlingo khalidwe pafupi ntchito turbojet.

Kuwonjezera mphindi ovuta, chidwi ndi kukula ndi Masamu airframe lapansi. m'litali ndi mapiko chikhato - pafupifupi 50 mamita. Zofunika Kunenepa - matani 180.

Koma kulemera kwa katundu kuphana, pa nthawi motengera izo anakwana matani 12, koma m'kati kuyenga ndi kutukula kapangidwe ka angakubwezereninso 20 T (monga ali Lachiwiri-95MS "Tengelelani").

"Kuchokera ngodya"

Kuwonjezeka mwayi machitidwe mpweya chitetezo, onse mu USSR ndi potsutsa izo nkhondo mayiko pang'onopang'ono kuchichepetsa lingaliro la ntchito svobodnopadayuschih mabomba, makamaka okonzeka spetszaryadom. The United States ndi la Soviet Union panthawi ya zinakukhudzani anthu ambirimbiri wabwino kwambiri ndi makina cholimba kuti pali zinthu zingapo mikhalidwe yapadera ndege (osiyanasiyana, liwiro, onyamula mphamvu). Mu zinalengedwera ndiponso kumanga ndalama zambiri wakhala ntchito. Iwo anafunika kupeza ntchito yatsopano. Sizikudziwika amene ankadziwa kuti ntchito yoponya mabomba zouluka monga Launcher miyala sitima, koma iye anali Ndalamazi gulu lonse la ndege. Kusinthidwa Lachiwiri-95MS wakhala wotero "mpweya batire", cholinga kukhazikitsa CD a woyendera nthambi ndale, popanda kulowa mdani airspace ndi kuwombera mwadzidzidzi monga kuzungulira ngodya.

wamba Baibulo

Kuyambira makumi asanu (ndipo zina kuchokera kale) zoponya mabomba anakhala mtundu wa "mwiniwake" zonyamula zombo. chodabwitsa kwambiri khalidwe la CB AN Tupoleva zokwanira kumbukirani wotchuka Lachiwiri 104, omwe ndi kutembenuka nkhondowo Lachiwiri-16. boma kale kale zosafunika kapangidwe ndalama magalimoto yekha wamba ankaona ntchito zojambula okonzeka zopangidwa ndi atengere iwo. Lachiwiri-95MS zoponya mabomba opareshoni wautali kuposa mabaibulo ena "95th" zonyamula Lachiwiri 114, kale anatumikira mu "Aeroflot" ndipo ngakhale nthawi kupulumutsa onse mlembi Khrushchev mu United States.

adziteteze

The 50s ndipo 60s chakudya mfuti emplacements okonzeka ngakhale kunyamula ndege AN-12. Masiku ano, zida izi ngati chinthu chakale, ndi lingaliro la ntchito ndege mifuti kuti adziteteze womenya - zilizonse. Komabe zida zankhondo chida chonyamulira Lachiwiri-95MS anapitiriza likungosonyeza awo - 23 mm. Mabaibulo oyambirira anali kwambiri (kwa mitengo ikuluikulu sikisi, 3 amapasa dongosolo). Against mizinga "mpweya ndi mpweya", zimavuta kuthandiza, koma ndikupereka zina mwayi kusonyeza omenyana kuukira ku Chigawo kumbuyo. Pa chomera mamangidwe ake ndi Cannon GS 23, pafupi zofanana kuti ntchito Lachiwiri-4, zida zida zankhondo ambiri amakhala ndi conservatism.

Chida chachikulu

Sitima mivi X 55 - ndi armament waukulu Lachiwiri-95MS. Kaperekedwe awo akuyenera Nkhani osiyana, koma njira kaphatikizidwe awo mu dongosolo la ndege ndi choyambirira komanso yokongola njira yake. zipolopolo asanu ndi mapiko apangidwe monga makatiriji pa zili mgolowo kwa mfuti anaika mkati fuselage lapansi. Pambuyo kukulozani wina roketi dongosolo lonse la mkati ndi zimayenda ndi madigiri 60, ndipo wotsatira X-55 ndi wokonzeka kupatukana kudzera lalikulu bomba Bay.

Underwing pylons (anai a iwo) mopitirira pa kuyimitsidwa khumi mivi sitima, ndege payload amalola kunyamula kulemera amenewa, ngakhale makhalidwe yafupika ndege, kumaonjezera kuuluka bwino potsatira njira Kokani, chifukwa, mafuta, ndi uthunthu amachepetsa.

zinthu oyendetsa ntchito

Lachiwiri-95MS - osati galimoto womasuka kwambiri. The cockpit ndi mosamala kwambiri, ngakhale ambiri zosasangalatsa zinthu zenizeni ndi Mabaibulo kale, tsopano inathetsedwa. Adalira kutsogolo pressurized kanyumba inadzachitika pamwamba makwerero kupyolera zimaswa pansi pa uta, pafupi kutsogolo chipilala galimotoyo kudzera amachoka mu ndegeyo vuto la mwadzidzidzi. Kuti athandize kumbali ya ndondomeko ya mtundu wa conveyor lamba, koma parachuti kudumpha pansi ndi nthawi yoopsa kwambiri, monga ambiri ngozi mpweya zimachitika pa okwera otsika (zofunika ndipo tidakocheza). Catapult ngati palibe.

Kumbuyo pressurized kanyumba yatenganso zimaswa yake. Chipulumutso cha ngozi pa Hiramu anatumiza nyanja kufufuma anapereka.

Oyendetsa kudandaula mkulu mlingo wa phokoso (injini zamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa 15 chikwi. Malita. Ndi., Ndipo zomangira ndi yaikulu kwambiri ndipo pali eyiti). Azigona ndi chimbudzi. Kuyenera Koma kumbukirani kuti ntchito pa ndondomeko ya 95th akuyamba mu Stalin nyengo, pamene nkhani ya mayiko walandira chidwi.

ziyembekezo

Aerodrome ndege losatha, "Chichewa" m'chigawo Saratov inayamba kugwa kwa Union of waukulu Kuika malo mayunitsi 32 ndege 90 anapanga masinthidwe izi. Mu 1992, nkhani ya "Kunakhala" Lachiwiri-95MS inatha. Features chida kulola Utumiki silikhali kudalira kuthekera ntchito zawo kwa zaka zosachepera khumi.

Flight osiyanasiyana pa 6 ndi 10 zikwi. Km amapereka mphamvu nkhondowo chibadidwe ndege zikumuyendera mibadwo. Kufulumizitsa kuti 900 Km / h limafanana ndi magawo a anati yoponya mabomba, B-52 pogwira ntchito zofanana. Kuthekera unsembe wa zida za nkhondo pakompyuta kumatha mkulu "Tengelelani" aone kuti mdani Rada. Panthawi yake kupewa prolongs moyo utumiki. Komabe, Lachiwiri 95 wopita Kulipira pambuyo otsiriza a iwo kuthamangitsidwa malire. Mu malo awo adzauka mu ntchito masiku ano njira chida.