Sultan ndi wolamulira komanso woteteza

Sultan ndi dzina lolemekezeka m'mayiko omwe ali ndi ambiri achi Islam. Tanthawuzo lapachiyambi linabwereranso ku mawu achiarabu otanthauzira mawu, omwe amatanthauza "mphamvu" kapena "mphamvu." Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa Aarabu kwa madera akuluakulu, mawu ochokera kumasewero okhudzidwa pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukhala udindo waukulu, womwe unatsindika udindo wapadera wa wolamulira ndi wosayenerera kwa olamulira onse apadziko, kupatulapo Caliph.

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "sultan"

Kwa zaka pafupifupi zikwi zikwi za mbiri ya kukhalapo kwa mutu womwe uli pambaliyi, munthawi yowonjezereka yakhazikitsidwa, kuphatikizapo matanthawuzo ambiri okhudzana ndi zochitika zakale komanso zochitika za galamala ya zilankhulo zomwe zidalowa m'Chiarabu.

Pogwirizana ndi asilikali a Aarabu, dzinali linalandira kufalikira kwa anthu ambiri kumadera a kumpoto kwa Caucasus kupita ku madera a Arabia komanso kuchokera ku gombe la Atlantic kumpoto kwa Africa kupita kuzilumba za Indonesia.

Ngakhale olamulira omwe adatchedwa dzina la sultan, ndipo sananene kuti ali ndi mphamvu mu chikhalidwe chonse, koma m'mayiko awo omwe ali pansi, adakonda ulamuliro wonse ndipo nthawi zambiri amawachitira nkhanza, motero amadzibweretsera mkwiyo wokondedwa.

Zigawo zomwe zili pansi pa sultan zimatchedwa madera ndipo zimachokera kwa mbadwa za wolamulira.

Zigawo zogawira mutu

M'mayiko onse omwe mawuwa adayambira, sultani ndi udindo wolamulira wa wolamulira, yemwe ulamuliro wake sungopangidwe ku malamulo kapena mabungwe akuluakulu a demokarasi.

Panthaŵi imene maufumuwo anali adakali amphamvu, panali malo ambiri, omwe olamulira ake ankavala maudindo abwino. Komabe, pofika pakati pa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, pamene ulamuliro wa monarchy ndi ulamuliro wa chikoloni unayamba kulephera, chiwerengero cha maboma chinachepa kwambiri, koma olamulira awo akale, atatha mphamvu, akupitirizabe kusangalala ndi anthu awo mpaka lero.

Mpaka tsopano, mphamvu zonse zidasungidwa ndi atsogoleri a Brunei ndi Oman, pamene olamulira a maphunziro asanu ndi awiri a Malaysian Federation ali ndi mayina a Sultan, koma alibe mphamvu zonse mu dziko limodzi.

Maina a akazi

Ngakhale kuti poyamba sultan ndi mutu wamwamuna, iwo anasintha kwambiri, ndipo m'mayiko ngati Ufumu wa Ottoman, iwo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akazi. Choyamba, mutu wa "sultan" unkavala ndi akazi ndi amayi a olamulira a ufumuwo. Apa tikuyenera kuzindikira kuti m'chinenero cha Chituruki cha mawu awa palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, ndipo lingaliro lolakwika likhoza kulengedwa pa udindo wa akazi mu ndale za Sultanate.

Mkazi wina wa Sultan ndi woyamba kukhala wachibale weniweni yemwe alibe mphamvu yeniyeni, koma ndani amene angakhudze vutoli m'dzikoli kupyolera mu zofuna zapakhomo.