Mbali yaikulu ya zamoyo

Tchulani kusiyanitsa nyama kwa anthu ena? funso zikuoneka osavuta, koma yankho azimvetsetsa za ena mwa makhalidwe zambiri samveka wa zamoyo, kuphatikizapo heterotrophy multicellular, sayenda ndiponso mfundo zina zovuta ntchito ndi akatswiri. Kodi zizindikiro za zamoyo ogwirizana, mwina ambiri a nyama, nkhono ndi mbidzi kuti mongooses ndi anemones nyanja?

multicellular

Ngati mukufuna kusiyanitsa choona ndi nyama Mwachitsanzo, paramecium kapena amoeba, si zovuta: nyama, ndi tanthauzo, zolengedwa multicellular, ngakhale chiwerengero cha maselo zosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira mphutsi, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zatsopano pa zamoyo ndizo ndendende m'chaka cha 1031 maselo, palibe ndi mochepa, pamene munthuyo ali kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo maselo thililiyoni. Komabe, nkofunika kuona chakuti nyama - si zamoyo multicellular, iwo mulinso zomera, bowa ndi ngakhale mitundu ina ya algae.

Eukaryotic dongosolo selo

Zizindikiro zamoyo monga eukaryotic dongosolo selo. Mwina kugawanika zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya moyo padziko lapansi ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa maganizo awo kwambiri. zamoyo Prokaryotic mulibe Kakhungu-njanjira phata ndi organelles ena ndi oyeretsedwa zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya onse.

Maselo eukaryotic, mosiyana, pali bwino chimatanthauza phata ndi organelles mkati (monga mitochondria) waluso analumikizana ndi kupanga zinthu multicellular. Ngakhale nyama zonse euakariotami osati eukaryotes onse nyama m'banja osiyanasiyana kwambiri mulinso zomera, bowa ndi ting'onoting'ono nyanja proto nyama, lotchedwa protists.

zimakhala apadera

Mbali ina ya zamoyo ndi zosiyanasiyana lalikulu la nsalu. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosaiwalika nyama - umu ndi mmene iwo ali maselo apadera. Monga zamoyo izi ngati maselo tsinde wamba kwenikweni osiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu anayi akuluakulu a kwachilengedwenso: mitsempha, connective, minofu zimakhala zaminyewa (amene kumanga ziwalo ndi mitsempha).

More zamoyo zapamwamba kuonetsa milingo kutchula zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi zigwirizana maselo chiwindi, kapamba, ndipo panopa mitundu ina. Kuchotserapo ndi thonje amene mwaukadaulo analola, koma n'zosathandiza maselo kusiyanitsidwa.

syngenesis

Mbali ina ya zamoyo ndi kuti nyama ambiri amachita kubereka, kaphatikizidwe mudziwe awo majini ndi kubala ana onyamula DNA ya makolo onse. Koma kuno si popanda kupatula. Nyama zina, kuphatikizapo mitundu ina kwa nsombazo amatha kubereka okha asexually.

Ubwino wa kubereka ndi waukulu ku mfundo zinachokera view. Luso kuyesa osakaniza osiyanasiyana genomes amalola nyama atengere mwamsanga m'chilengedwe latsopano. Kachiwiri, kubereka si nyama dongosolo anagwiritsanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomera, bowa ndi ngakhale ena mabakiteriya zingamuthandize kwambiri.

blastula

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikiro za anthu wozindikira. Pamene umuna wamwamuna wakumana ndi dzira wamkazi, chifukwa ndi selo limodzi lokha wotchedwa zygote. Pambuyo zygote amaloŵamo zipolopolo angapo magawano, zifika dzina - morula. Only nyama weniweni kufika mu gawo lina lotsatira - mapangidwe blastula, ndi dzenje dera la maselo angapo. Only mu nkhani iyi, iwo akhoza kusiyanitsa mu osiyanasiyana minofu.

Movement (Nyama)

Woyamba makhalidwe asanu zamoyo mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi zoseketsa kusonyeza zovuta. Iwo ndi zovuta kwambiri, ngati ife kuwafotokoza Mwachitsanzo, mwana. Sitinganene mbali zotsatirazi. Nsomba kusambira, mbalame, ntchentche mimbulu kuthamanga, nkhono ndi njoka kukwawa - nyama zonse amatha kuyenda pa siteji ena a mayendedwe amoyo. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene ankaphunzira moyo zinthu za dziko sitandade 3 ndicho gulu. Ngati pali kuyenda, momwemonso thupi moyo.

Izi luso zamoyo zinachita amalola anthu N'chapafupi kuti tikhale niches latsopano zachilengedwe, kuthamangitsa nyama ndi kupewa adani. Nyama zina, monga thonje ndi ngale, pafupifupi Chigwadire siteji wamkulu, koma mphutsi yawo ndi amasamukira pamaso iwo mizu mwa nyanja. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu chinsinsi chimene chimasiyanitsa nyama ndi zomera ndi bowa. Patsalanso maganizo maganizo a ena mwaiwala zimene malamulo, kuphatikizapo zimadya Venus Flytrap ndipo mofulumira kukula mitengo nsungwi.

kagayidwe

Ana ankaphunzira makhalidwe a anthu a dziko wamoyo (adzatchedwa "chakudya" mu kalasi 3, mbali) ndi Dziwani kagayidwe ndi mphamvu. zamoyo zonse muyenera mpweya organic zothandiza njira zikuluzikulu m'moyo, kuphatikizapo kukula chitukuko, ndi kubalana. Luso kulawa chakudya, kulankhula chinenero cha sayansi, wotchedwa heterotrophy. Pali njira ziwiri kupeza mpweya kuchokera ku chilengedwe (mu mawonekedwe a mpweya woipa mpweya chaulere mu mlengalenga), kapena ndi ena kudya zamoyo wolemera mpweya.

Zamoyo kuti tipeze mpweya kwa chilengedwe monga zomera amatchedwa autotrophs, ndi zamoyo zimene mpweya ndi ingesting zamoyo zina, monga ziweto, amatchedwa heterotrophs. Komabe, nyama si heterotrophs okha mu dziko. bowa onse, mabakiteriya ambiri ndipo ngakhale ena a zomera osachepera pang'ono heterotrophic. Ntchito magwero kunja mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a chakudya, kuwala, ndi zina zotero, ndi mbali yofunika ya zamoyo.

Hemayo mantha dongosolo

Izi wina zizindikiro zamoyo. Zamoyo, makamaka nyama patsogolo mantha dongosolo. Pa mlingo aluntha, zomera ndi bowa kuti woweruzayo ndi kovuta. Wa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi okha chisawawa ali kotero Itakwana ndi zambiri kapena zochepa pachimake mphamvu ya kuona, kumva, kukoma kukhudza (osati kutchula echolocation wa mileme ndi anamgumiwa kapena luso la nsomba zina ndi nsombazo kuzindikira Phokoso maginito m'madzi).

Kumene zimenezi, zikuphatikizapo kuli mantha dongosolo osachepera achikalekale, monga tizilombo ndi nyenyezi nyanja, ndi nyama zotsogola. Kwathunthu anayamba ubongo - izi mwina chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika zimene kwenikweni chimasiyanitsa nyama zina za chilengedwe.

Kukula ndi chitukuko

Mwa kuphunzira mu sitandade 3 zizindikiro za anthu wozindikira za dziko pali item monga kukula. Mundawu, kutanthauza kuwonjezeka mu kukula ndi kulemera, pokhalabe angamulambirire wa mdierekezi, ndipo limodzi pochita ndondomeko zovuta chitukuko.

A umodzi mipweya

zamoyo ndi lopangidwa ndi chimodzimodzi zinthu mankhwala, monga zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo. kusiyana ndi njila kwa chiŵerengero wosiyana. zamoyo zonse peresenti lapansi 98 zigwirizana zinthu monga mpweya, mpweya, asafe ndi wa hydrogen.

irritability

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ndilo chibadidwe zamoyo zonse, amatha kuyankha kukondoweza. Mbali imeneyi yafotokozedwera ndi njira zolengedwa anatani magwero kunja kukhudzana.

discreteness

A wamba mbali ya nkhani wamoyo ndi discontinuity ake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dongosolo lililonse kwachilengedwenso zikuphatikizapo osiyana ogwirizana zinthu zimene zonse pamodzi zimapanga limodzi structural ndi zinchito bungwe.

Padziko lapansi, pali moyo biliyoni zinayi. Anthu chifukwa kuti moyo padziko lathuli, ndi amazipanga osiyanasiyana: kuchokera zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi maso amaliseche ndi zamoyo yaing'ono mitengo chimphona, mpaka mamita 90, ndipo nyama chachikulu ndi kulemera matani 150. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana zonse zamoyo pali wokondwa zizindikiro zimene zingawathandize kusiyanitsa iwo ku matupi a chikhalidwe zopanda moyo.