The subtext - wapadera wa kutengerapo mudziwe

Tsiku lina Ernest Hemingway ananena kuti ntchito zolembalemba ali ngati madzi oundana kuti: pamwamba pa yokha chiwiri mbali ya nkhani, ndi china chirichonse wabisika pakati pa mizere. Ndipo kuti owerenga mukhoza kuwona zomwe si, wolemba ali ndi "lingaliro" kwa chochitika kapena zinthu. akupangira amatchedwa "subtexts" - izi ndi tsenga wina wochenjera mu nkhokwe lalikulu la olemba "zinthu." Nkhaniyi mwachidule kupanga nkhaniyi lotchedwa "The subtext - izo ...".

Pamene pali anagwidwa ndi kumene?

Lingaliro la subtext analowa mabuku kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Njira imeneyi poyamba anali ndi khalidwe la prose maganizo kapena ndakatulo, ikuimira ndi postsimvolizma. Patapita nthawi anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale utolankhani.

Mu mabuku, mfundo "subtext" woyamba comprehended Hemingway. tanthauzo lake nthanthi anali: apamaliro - ndi gawo wobisika wa ntchito, kumene mfundo zazikulu za nkhani imene owerenga ayenera kupeza nokha.

Best wa apamaliro onse anagwira mu Japan, komwe kutineneza kapena lingaliro - ichi ndi wapadera luso muyeso, nthawi zambiri Tingaone osati mabuku, komanso zina luso. Ndipotu, chipembedzo ndi mtima wa dzuwa likutuluka kwambiri za ameneyo, kuti ndiwone kupitirira zooneka wosaoneka.

Kodi subtext?

Monga momwe tikuonera bwino pamwamba anati, subtext mu mabuku - ndi lingaliro luso. A wapadera zambiri timaona kwa wowerenga mbali ina ya nkhaniyo. Kuzimvetsa izo - ndiye yang'anani chimene wolemba zasiyidwa. Kuwulula apamaliro, ngati owerenga amakhala Co-wolemba Poganiza reprises ndi n'kuyerekeza.

The subtext - ndi chinsinsi, ngakhale ogula wotwaliwa kwa ndikuganiza chithunzi, kusonyeza zikwapu ochepa. Wongolerani m'maganizo wowerenga a, wolemba kumupanga iye nkhawa, kukhala wosangalala kapena wachisoni.

The subtext - chinachake chimene wabisika "kumbuyo mawu akuti". Palokha, mawu ali chabe ya zilembo ndi ochepa zizindikiro zopumira. Iwo sakutanthauza chilichonse - mophweka, koma pambuyo pawo lagona chinachake. The woyera interline mipata zikuthwanima zinachitikira protagonist, kapena kukongola kwa dziko lina.

zitsanzo mafotokozedwe

The subtext - mawu amene kupanga wowerenga kuganizira zimene zikuchitika, kuimira zinachitikira protagonist lapansi. Angapezeke pa ntchito iliyonse ya zopeka. Kumvetsetsa asadafe, tiyenera kubwereza mawu angapo ndipo "anasonyeza" mawu olembedwa.

The subtext mabuku - izo (zitsanzo):

• Akhmatova: "Ine ndiri pa dzanja lamanja atavala magolovesi ndi dzanja lamanzere." Pambuyo mizere owerenga amadziwa kuti mbali yaikulu ali mavuto. anachitazo amwazikira chifukwa zinachitikira.
• Tolstoy: "Patsogolo oipa ndi yowawitsa anabangula sitima wenzulo (...) chodabwitsa mkuntho wa chisanu anakhala chabwino tsopano". owerenga ngati iye akudutsa mu maganizo athu Anny Kareninoy asanafe: mkuntho zoopsa amakhala okongola chifukwa choopa tikuyandikira, "oipa ndi yowawitsa" imfa.
• Chekhov: "The chete, odzichepetsa oseketsa cholengedwa chabe yosiya wake, boneless, ofooka mtima kwambiri, mwakachetechete akuvutika pabedi, sanadandaule." Ndi mawu awa, wolemba anayesa kusonyeza kufooka kwa ngwazi (utsi), amene anali pafupi kufa.

The subtext angapezeke kulikonse: Mwa mabuku, ndi nkhani, ndi sewero. Kutineneza ndi pyakubisika - njira yina popereka mauthenga, zomwe zimachititsa nkhani yaikulu ya zokambirana weniweni ndi pafupi.