Ndi Salafis, Sunnis, Shiites, Alawites ndi Wahhabis ndi ndani? Kusiyana pakati pa Sunnis ndi Salafis

Dziko la chisilamu ali m'zipembedzo zambiri. Gulu lililonse lili ndi maganizo ake pa chikhulupiriro zolondola. Chifukwa cha ichi, Asilamu ndi kumvetsa zosiyanasiyana akamanena za chipembedzo chawo, sizigwirizana. Nthawi zina odzidalira kwambiri ndiponso kutha mwazi.

kusagwirizana Internal mwa oimira zosiyanasiyana za dziko Muslim, kuposa ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina. Kuti timvetse kusiyana maganizo a Chisilamu, m'pofunika kufufuza amene Salafis, Sunni, Wahhabi, Shia ndi Alawites. kumvetsa kwawo makhalidwe ya chikhulupiriro itha kukhala chifukwa cha nkhondo fratricidal zimathandiza kumveka mu mabungwe.

Mbiri ya nkhondo

Kuti tipeze ndiwo amene Salafis, Shiites, Sunnis, Alawites, Wahhabis ndi nthumwi zina za malingaliro Chisilamu, ayenera kuyang'ana ku chiyambi cha nkhondo ya.

M'chaka cha 632 BC. e. Mneneri Muhammad anafa. otsatira ake anayamba kusankha amene adzakhala m'malo a mtsogoleri wawo. Poyamba, Salafis, Alawites ndi m'madera ena analibe kulibe. Choyamba anadza Sunnis ndi Shiites. Woyamba ankaona wolowa mneneri munthu ŵakasankha caliphate lapansi. Ndipo anthu awa anali ambiri. Zedi laling'ono kwambiri pa nthawi anali oimira malingaliro osiyana. Shia anayamba kusankha wolowa Muhammad pakati pa abale ake. Imam iwo anali msuweni wa Mtumiki dzina lake Ali. Pa nthawi, mbali ya maganizo amenewa amatchedwa Shia Ali.

Pankhondoyi kunakula m'chaka 680, pamene mwana wa Imam Ali dzina lake Hussein, anaphedwa ndi Sunnis. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti ngakhale lero kusiyana bwanji anthu, ndi oweruza, banja ndi zina zotero. D. Chigamulo osankhika zagonjetsedwa kwa kuvutitsidwa wa oimira adani. Choncho, dziko la chisilamu ndi kusangalala lero.

Modern maganizo kulekana

Monga chipembedzo wachiwiri kukula mtendere, Islam kenako spawned magulu ambiri, mumaganiza ndi maganizo pa akamanena za chipembedzo. Salafis ndi Sunnis, kusiyana pakati pa iwo ayankhidwa pansipa, unachokera mu nthawi zosiyana za nthawi. Sunnis poyamba anali lofunika malangizo, ndi Salafists inatulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri. Latest lero ankaona kayendedwe zambiri monyanyira. Akatswiri ambiri achipembedzo amanena kuti Salafi ndi Wahhabi Asilamu akhoza kudzitcha yekha ndi otetezedwa kwambiri. Zikamera wa anthu opembedza Zoonadi chifukwa cha mpatuko Islam.

Mu zenizeni za mmene zinthu ziliri ndale ndi magulu monyanyira wa Asilamu akhoza kukhala chinthu wamagazi nkhondo mu East. Iwo ndi chuma ndithu chuma ndi kugwira zisinthe, kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wake pa mayiko achisilamu.

Kusiyana pakati pa Sunnis ndi Salafis ndi lalikulu, koma pa koyamba. A aphunzire mozama mfundo zawo ukuonekera chithunzi chosiyana. Kumvetsa izo, muyenera kuganizira makhalidwe a aliyense madera.

Sunnis ndi zikhulupiriro zawo

Yaikulu (pafupifupi 90% ya Asilamu) ndi gulu in Islam Sunnis. Iwo amatsatira njira ya Mneneri ndi kuzindikira cholinga chake chachikulu.

Buku lachiwiri pambuyo Koran kwambiri kuti kukuchititsa zimenezi mokomera chipembedzo-Sunnah. Poyamba, nkhani zake anapatsira wolalata, ndiyeno unayambitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a Hadith. Otsatira m'madera omwe ali tcheru kwambiri m'mabuku awiri amenewa a chikhulupiriro chawo. Ngati Quran ndi Sunnah mulibe yankho la funso lililonse, anthu saloledwa kusankha pa malingaliro ake.

Sunnis amasiyana Shia Salafis ndi magulu ena kufika kwa kumasulira hadith ya. M'mayiko ena kamba zotsatirazi, zochokera moyo wa Mtumiki Mwachitsanzo, anamvetsa zenizeni akamanena za chilungamo. Nthawi zina, ngakhale utali wa ndevu mfundo zovala zachimuna zinali chimodzimodzi monga mbali ya Sunnah. Izi kusiyana kwambiri.

Sunni, Shia, Salafi ndi malo ena ndi maganizo osiyana pa ubwenzi ndi Mulungu. Asilamu ambiri okonda kukhulupirira kuti maganizo a mawu a Mulungu safuna mkhalapakati, kotero mphamvu imafalikira kudzera chisankho.

Shiites ndi mfundo zawo

Mosiyana ndi Sunnis, ndi Shiites ndikukhulupirira kuti mphamvu Mulungu anasamutsa kwa wolowa a Mneneri. Choncho, kuzindikira kuthekera ya kutanthauzira madalitso ake. Iye angakhoze kokha kuchita anthu amene ali ndi ufulu wapadera umenewu.

chiwerengero cha Shiites mu dziko agonjera ku nthambi Sunni. Salafis chomwecho mu Islam ukasintha anatsutsa maganizo pa kumasulira magwero a chikhulupiriro mofanana ndi Shiites. Yotsirizira anazindikira ufulu wa Mtumiki, atsogoleri a gulu awo, kuti akhale nkhoswe pakati pa Mulungu ndi anthu oloŵa lapansi. Iwo akutchedwa imams.

Salafis ndi Sunnis amakhulupirira kuti Shiites alolera zaluso bongo kumvetsetsa za Sunnah. Choncho, maganizo awo kotero otsutsa. Pali magulu ambiri ndi kayendedwe, akhala maziko a kumvetsa chipembedzo Shiite. Zikuphatikizapo Alawites, Ismailis, Zaidi, Druze, Shaykhism ndi ena ambiri.

Izi chimasiyanitsa malangizo Muslim la sewero. Pa tsiku la Ashura, ndi Shiites m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amathera maliro kanthu. Ndi katundu, maganizo ndondomeko, imene ophunzira kumenya magazi awo kuti unyolo ndi malupanga.

Oyimira a m'madera onse Sunni ndi Shiite ndi lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu, amene ngakhale akhoza zimachitika chipembedzo chinachake. Mu zina zabwino zonse zovuta kuzimvetsa, ngakhale pamene kuphunzira pafupi maganizo a aliyense mafunde Muslim.

Alawites

Salafis ndi Alawites amaonedwa magulu atsopano achipembedzo. Pa dzanja limodzi, ali apadera, mfundo, monga njira ovomerezedwa. Alawite akatswiri a Baibulo ambiri amanena kuti otsatira a ziphunzitso Shiite. Komabe, chifukwa cha mfundo zake wapadera iwo anali a chipembedzo osiyana. Kufanana ndi malo Alawite Shia Muslim ufulu akuwonetseredwa mu malingaliro Qur'an ndi malamulo Sunnah.

Izi gulu la chipembedzo lili ndi ofala, wotchedwa "takyyya". Ndi mphamvu ya kuchita miyambo zikhulupiriro zina Alawite, pamene asayambe maganizo awo akusamba. Izi chatsekedwa gulu, mmene muli m'ndandanda wa malangizo ndi malingaliro.

Sunni, Shia, Salafi, Alawites sizilingana ena. Izi kumaonekera mmene wamkulu kapena wamng'ono. Alawites otchedwa ophatikiza, monga nthumwi ya mayendedwe kwakukulu, ndi zoipa kwambiri ku mudzi Muslim kuposa "Osakhulupirira."

Kwenikweni ndi chikhulupiriro osiyana mu chipembedzo. Alawites amaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo zanyengo wa Islam ndi Chikhristu. Iwo amakhulupirira mwa Ali Muhammad ndi Salman al-Chifasi, pamene ndikulemba Isitala, Christmas, kulemekeza Isa (Yesu) ndi atumwi. Mu kupembedza Alawites akhoza kuwerenga Uthenga. Sunnis akhoza kukhala mwamtendere ndi Alawites. Mikangano anatsogolera aukali okonda dera, monga Wahhabis.

Salafis

Sunnis kuti kwaiye kwambiri m'madera mwa gulu lawo chipembedzo iwo ali Asilamu osiyana kwambiri. Salafis ndi ina yotero bungwe.

Iwo anapanga maganizo awo lofunika kwambiri 9-14 zaka TH. Mfundo zazikulu mfundo imatengedwa kutsatira njira ya moyo ya makolo, amene anatsogolera moyo wolungama.

Mu dziko, kuphatikizapo mu Russia, pali za miliyoni 50 Salafis. Iwo salola zaluso aliwonse okhudza kutanthauzira wa chikhulupiriro. umenewu amatchedwa ofunika. Salafis timakhulupirira mwa Mulungu mmodzi, kutsutsa mafunde zina Muslim, kulola nokha kuti mamasulidwe a Quran ndi Sunnah. Iwo amaona kuti ngati malo ena mu akachisi izi ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kwa mwamuna, ayenera anatengera mu mawonekedwe zimene lemba limeneli.

Mu dziko lathu, a Muslim a kukuchititsa zimenezi, pali anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 20. Inde, Salafis mu Russia chili ku midzi ing'onoing'ono. More kukana iwo chifukwa sali Akhristu ndi "achikunja" Shiites ndi ena ofanana awo ikuyenda.

Wahhabis

Chimodzi mwa mayendedwe watsopano Wahhabis kwakukulu zinthu chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. Iwo ali pa Koyamba ofanana ndi Salafists. Wahhabis kukana zaluso m'chikhulupiriro, kumenyera mfundo mmodzi. Iwo salola zonse kuti sizinali mu Islam pachiyambi. Komabe, chizindikiro cha Wahhabis maganizo awo ndewu ndi kumvetsa mfundo zikuluzikulu za chipembedzo cha Chisilamu.

Izi anatuluka m'zaka 18. Iwo pobornicheskoe kayendedwe zimachokera kwa mlaliki Nejad Muhammad Abdel Wahhab. Anafuna "yeretsani" Islam ku zaluso. Pansi chiphiphiritso ichi, iwo anapanga bungwe anagalukira, amene anagwidwa ndi m'mayiko oyandikana nawo za malo a Al-Qatif.

M'zaka za m'ma 19 Wahhabi kayendedwe agonjetsedwa ndi Ottoman. zaka 150 pambuyo pake, anatha kutsitsimutsa malingaliro a Al Saud Abdelaziiz. Iye anagonjetsa adani ake ku Central Arabia. Mu 1932 iwo unalengedwa boma la Saudi Arabia. Mu chitukuko cha minda mafuta ndalama US zimapita ku mtsinje Wahhabi banja.

Mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo, pankhondo ku Afghanistan, masukulu Salafi inakhazikitsidwa. Iwo ankavala mtundu kwakukulu kwa mfundo Wahhabi. Omenyana amene akufunitsitsa malo, wotchedwa Mujahideen. Kupita amaganizira uchigawenga.

Mosiyana ndi mfundo Wahhabi-Sunni wa salafitizma

Kuti timvetse amene Salafis ndi Wahhabis, taganizirani waukulu maganizo mfundo zawo. Akatswiri amanena kuti izi madera awiri achipembedzo mkati tanthauzo la chomwecho. Komabe, tiyenera kuwasiyanitsa ku Salafi kayendedwe takfiritskogo.

Lero, zoona zake n'zakuti Salafis savomereza kutanthauzira latsopano mfundo achipembedzo akale. Pogula kwakukulu malangizo a chitukuko, iwo anataya mfundo zawo ofunika. Ngakhale kuwatcha Asilamu angakhale Tambasula. N'zokhudza Islam yekha kuzindikira ndiwo Qur'an ndi mawu a Mulungu. Otsala a Wahhabis chosiyana kuchokera Salafi Sunni. Izi zidalira pa amene mukutanthauza dzina wamba. Salafis ali oyimira owona a gulu lalikulu la Sunni Muslim. Sizikusokonezani iwo ndi mipatuko kwakukulu. Salafis ndi Wahhabis, amene amasiyana kopambana, ndi maganizo pa chipembedzo.

Tsopano izi pamagulu otsutsana awiri analandira olakwika sinonimiziruyut. Wahhabi-Salafi mwaufulu linavomereza mfundo zofunika za chikhulupiriro chawo kwathunthu mlendo mbali Islam. Amakana thupi lonse (za Knuckle) kudzera mwa Asilamu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Salafis ndi Sunnis, lomwe kusiyana alipo yekha ena maganizo pa chipembedzo, zimatsutsana ndi Wahhabis. Ku otsiriza ali maganizo pa lamulo.

Ndipotu Wahhabis m'malo wakale mfundo zonse Chisilamu ndi atsopano, kupanga sharihad wanu (chipembedzo ulamuliro wa gawo). Iwo satsatira zipilala, manda akale, ndi Mneneri imatengedwa nkhoswe pakati pa Mulungu ndi anthu, popanda patsogolo pawo wamba onse Asilamu mantha. Malinga ndi mfundo za Chisilamu, jehad sangathe ananena mwaufulu.

Wahhabism zololedwa moyo wosalungama, koma pambuyo kukhazikitsidwa kwa "imfa wolungama" (kabotolo okha kupha "Osakhulupirira") kungakupatseni malo kumwamba. Islam amaona kudzipha ndi tchimo loopsa loti akhoza sadzakhululukidwa.

Akamanena za maganizo kwakukulu

Salafis olakwa chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi Wahhabis. Ngakhale mfundo awo limafanana ndi Sunnis. Koma zimachitika Masiku ano pansi pa Salafi-Wahhabi zimatanthawuza takfiritov. Ngati inu kutenga magulu awa mu mtengo ziwalo, mukhoza kusankha nambala kusiyana.

Salafis, amasiya zomwenso kwawo, kulekanitsa maganizo kwakukulu, ndi kuona ena onse monga ampatuko oyenera chilango. Salafis ndi Sunni M'malo mwake, ngakhale Akhristu ndi Ayuda otchedwa "Anthu a Buku," amene akukhulupirirabe oyambirira. Iwo akhoza Co-kulibe mwamtendere ndi maganizo ena.

Kuti timvetse amene Salafis mu Islam, tiyenera kulabadira kwa choonadi chimodzi chimene chimasiyanitsa lino kuchokera wachikhazikitso mipatuko breakaway (chimenenso, ndi Wahhabis).

Sunni Salafis savomereza kutanthauzira watsopano mwa zinthu zakale mwa chifuniro cha Mulungu. A magulu atsopano kwakukulu kukana iwo, kuchotsa mfundo zoona yabwino mfundo. Ndi amangothandiza kulamulira anthu pa zofuna zawo kukwaniritsa mphamvu kwambiri.

Izi si Islam ku onse. Ndipotu mfundo zikuluzikulu, mfundo zakale anali chinawononga, kupondedwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa onyenga. Mmalo mwake, m'maganizo mwa anthu anaikidwa chongopeka yabwino chigamulo mfundo osankhika ndi makhalidwe. Ndi mphamvu zowononga kuti amazindikira ntchito yabwino kupha akazi, ana ndi okalamba.

kugonjetsa udani

Wofufuza funso la amene Salafis, Ndizachidziwikire kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za magulu achipembedzo mu zolinga aganyu kulamulira osankhika kumalimbikitsa nkhondo ndi mikangano wamagazi. Pa nthawi iyi pali kusintha mphamvu. Komabe, chikhulupiriro cha anthu sayenera chifukwa cha nkhondo fratricidal.

Monga zinachitikira limati ambiri East, kuti Co-kulibe mwamtendere akhale mamembala a onse nthambi chikale wa Islam. Izi ndi zotheka ndi malo chogwirizana za akuluakulu poyerekezera ndi malingaliro achipembedzo aliyense ammudzi. munthu aliyense akhoza kuchita chikhulupiriro chimene amaona moyenera, osati kukangana kuti anthu otsutsa - adani.

Chitsanzo cha coexistence mtendere pakati pa otsatira a zikhulupiriro zosiyana mu dera Muslim paima banja la Pulezidenti Siriya Bashada Assad. Iye amati m'dera Alawite, koma mkazi wake ndi Sunni. Iye amakondwerera onse Muslim Sunni Eid al-ADF ndi Mkhristu Isitala.

Kulowerera mu Muslim mfundo achipembedzo, n'zotheka kumvetsa mawu ambiri, amene Salafis. Ngakhale iwo anaganiza kudziwa ndi Wahhabis, chofunikira chenicheni cha chikhulupiriro ichi kutali maganizo pa Islam. Akhakula kuchotsa mfundo za chipembedzo East yabwino kulamulira mfundo osankhika kumabweretsa intensification mikangano pakati pa anthu a m'madera osiyana achipembedzo komanso kuphana.