Technology wa pobowola zitsime za madzi. Mitundu zitsime madzi

M'madera ambiri, iwe sungakhoze kugwirizana yobweretsa centralized madzi ayamba kukumba zitsime madzi aquifers. Olekanitsidwa magwero padziko kuipitsa strata wa miyala madzi mobisa, monga ulamuliro, kukwaniritsa miyezo ukhondo unakhazikitsidwa kuti cholinga m'dera madzi. Pamene zina lidzayeretsedwa ndi kudutsa chipangizo fyuluta, iwo kukhala apamwamba madzi akumwa.

Zimene muyenera kudziwa

KUFOTOKOZERA muyezo kusankha ndondomeko ndi madzi bwino pobowola akuya mlingo pansi ndi miyala Geological gawo, sipangakhalenso zakale. Molondola osankhidwa pobowola zitsime za luso madzi limakupatsani msanga kubowola pansi kuti apewe ngozi pa pobowola. Chifukwa, izo adzakupatsani mpata zokolola apamwamba mu zinthu dongosolo zosangalatsa.

Kutanthauza kuti luso la tikubooleza zitsime m'madzi? Njira imeneyi ndi fupa lothyoka akafuna miyala osiyana, kukonza wellbore makoma ndipo akukonzekera izo, zida madzi kulandira gawo.

Njira pobowola

Kumangira zitsime zakuya madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makina ndi chingwe pobowola. Pobowola Technology madzi ndi njira izi ndi zosiyana. Features aliyense ali Musalole kuwagwiritsa ntchito popanda malamulo zinthu zonse. Pobowola Technology madzi nsanja ndi kasinthasintha wa wodula chida (pang'ono) m'nkhaniyi chitsanzo cha wononga ndi njira makina.

Auger luso pobowola

Mu miyala mchenga ndi dongo kuti mulibe inclusions lalikulu, ndi tikubooleza ya pang'ono ndi auger yonyamula thanthwe mokhomerera kuchokera pansi kupita m'tsogolo. Wa mitundu iwiri ya pobowola auger chipangizo kwa bwino madzi m'dera ndi bwino kuphunzira dongosolo Geological kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha mosalekeza ndege mosalekeza ndi ulendo stope ndi screwing. Kodi m'pofunika kupeza mkulu khalidwe zokhudza mitundu ndi akuya asayembekezere, njira imeneyi imagwiranso mphete nkhope.

Wopitiriza ndege (otaya-mzere pobowola) - mokhomerera thanthwe woyikidwa auger ndime pamwamba. Mwa kukulitsa ndi kubowola incremented zomangira zina. Ikani kwa mchenga wotitimira popanda zigawo homogeneous a matope kapena miyala zina zofewa. Rotational liwiro zomangira 250-300 Chiv / min. Ndi zosavomerezeka msanga madzi kupewa zikusefukira thanthwe tsamba ndi jamming wa projectile mu dzenje pachifukwa ichi. Zikwanire katundu - kulemera kwa kulemera ndi wononga yake rotator.

The miyala pulasitiki ndi dongo ntchito tugoplastichnyh yoyenda stope - auger pang'ono ndi ndime thanthwe vburivaetsya, kenako m'zigawo kuyeretsa wa flange misa mokhomerera. Kufunika kwa ulendo kumizidwa mu 1 mita. rotational liwiro pakati pa 100 ndi osapitirira 300 Rev / min. Katundu 500 N.

Mu miyala ofooka chisel kutsatira helical auger ndime - iwo tili m'mavuto kuti akuya zina ndi zikafika popanda kasinthasintha wa winch lapansi.

Nkhope annular kukhala zomangira wapadera coring, kulola kuchotsa pachimake (ndime mokhomerera thanthwe) popanda kutukula chingwe kubowola pamwamba. pobowola mawonekedwe: 60-250 Rev / Mph, phindu la ndege la 0.4 kuti 2.0 mamita ntchito, izi pobowola madzi m'zitsime kawirikawiri luso, makamaka mabungwe Geological polimbana ndi kufufuza ndi imodzi kuchita zitsime pobowola madzi ..

Technology rotationally-makina pobowola

Mu njira iyi amakwaniritsa kwambiri mlingo malowedwe ndi lalikulu mizati linanena bungwe chitoliro. The kuipa monga mudding (claying) aquifer, kukwera mtengo kwa yokonza matope, mabuku lalikulu la madzi muzimutsuka zitsime za imfa madzi kuchira kaja, sindikiza nthawi ya kuboola.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi makina ochapira mzere: thanthwe kumuchotsa nkhope anabweretsa pamwamba matope amawapopa mu bwino mwa kubowola ndodo mpope. Iwo ayenera kulimbana mathamangidwe upflow mu osiyanasiyana 0.5 - 0,75 m / gawo. Kufalitsidwa ndi chiswa wosambitsa yothetsera mu mabacteria kwambiri zikukhudza - izo pamodzi ndi sludge mu masamba ming'alu. Drillers muyenera kuyang'ana mosamala kwa mode pobowola kuchepetsa ofananira katundu ndi bwino kudyetsa kusamba ngati n'koyenera, kupewa projectile munakhala.

Musaphwanye kuthamangitsa mkulu mawotchi liwiro, zimatheka ndi kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha kusintha: ndi zinadzala ndi ngozi. WOB ndi rotational liwiro akulamulidwa malingana ndi mtundu wa imakhala yosadutsika, m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro pang'ono ndi kubowola, ndi tochepa wosambitsa madzi.

Zolowa ayenera kuchepetsedwa ngati:

• magnifications inamuluma chizindikiro;
• kuchepetsa awiri a chingwe kubowola;
• kuonjezera linga la miyala;
• kusinthana kwa zigawo ndi mphamvu yaing'ono (kwa 1.5 m).

Pa makina makhazikitsidwe BDS ndi mtundu BA ntchito kwenikweni pa liwiro II- III. Malowedwe a dongo ndi dongo-mchenga miyala ikuchitika pa 300-400 Chiv / mphindi (III-IV mlingo). Pakuti macheka zolimbitsa Linga (sandstone, miyala, marl) zimasokoneza kasinthasintha wa ozungulira 200 300 Rev / min. Amphamvu thanthwe mokhomerera mwa pang'ono liwiro kasinthasintha wa 100-200 Chiv / min.

Driller chimakhudzana kuyan'anila mode kuboola, kuchepetsa katundu ofananira ndi bwino kudyetsa kutsuka kupewa projectile munakhala. Mphindi otseguka aquifer detects dontho mwadzidzidzi m'matope kuwonjezeka injini katundu. makope njira anawawidwa mu mabacteria kwambiri zikukhudza - ndi cuttings ndi kusiya njira mu fupa lothyoka la.

Ngati madzi mwankhanza miyala ndi ameneŵa ming'alu ing'onoing'ono, autopsy ikuchitika ndi khalidwe njira kaja dongo kudzipereka ake kumanga pamwamba.

Madzi pobowola Technology yaing'ono nsanja pobowola njira yomweyi makina amphamvu.

ntchito Related

Ogwiritsa machubu unachitikira wellbore pambuyo pobowola. Ntchito zitsulo, simenti asibesitosi ndi machubu a pulasitiki. Sefani Mtundu (perforated kapena thumba) amusankha malingana ndi madzi mwankhanza thanthwe.

Pamaso khazikitsa sefa njira m'malo ndi opepuka zofunika chiwerengero cha osapitirira 1,15. Pambuyo khazikitsa sefa yomweyo kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi. Kenako, bowo zhelonirovanie - ndime ya madzi amawapopa kuchokera ku chitsime bailer. Amasamba ndi brightening maonekedwe mu Zimayamba ikukoka mchenga airlift. Ndi kutha kwa mchenga ndi madzi kusintha kwa kumaliza powunikira submersible mpope.

Freefall zimakhudza mphamvu

Chingwe njira anatsegula popanda mavuto aquifers woonda (zosakwana 1 m). N'zotheka kupeza otaya mlingo pazipita - Water mwankhanza miyala nezaglinizirovany. Ife sitikusowa yaitali ikukoka.

Njira ntchito:

• m'madera bwino kuphunzira;
• m'madera louma kumene yobereka madzi kuti akonze njira;
• ngati n'koyenera chiyesedwe cha M'maso angapo osiyana;
• chifukwa zitsime ndi awiri lalikulu koyamba.

Kuipa chingwe-pobowola:

• ang'ono mlingo malowedwe;
• mkulu kumwa mipope mu cased;
• zofooka za kuboola kuya (150 m).

Normal mwachangu svobodnopadayuschie projectile kuchita masamu. Ndi inversely molingana ndi muzu lalikulu la kutalika kugwa: ndi kuwonjezeka kutalika pamwamba kokapha kuchira pang'ono n'kuliza amachepetsa pafupipafupi ndi mosinthanitsa ndi kucheperachepera okwera kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha kumenyedwa.

Tiyenera mphamvu ndi savvy

Pamene yatsoka ndi galasi osaya pansi (zambiri madzi nthaka) ndi gawo Geological lopangidwa ndi mwala lotayirira, mu anamanga-mmwamba gawo zinthu yochepetsetsa bwino akhoza mokhomerera, kutsatira akulu mphamvu anthu - 2 anthu okwanira.

Pobowola Technology Buku madzi njira yosavuta. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira Dontho kapena auger.

Poyendetsa zitsulo chitoliro ndi awiri a 1 inchi a chisanadze kusema zotalika mamita 2 kapena 3. Pa malekezero a kupanga ulusi kunja. Ndi kuzama kwa zigawo chitoliro adzakhala kulumikiza couplings ndi ulusi m'mimba. Chopangidwa mwapadera zitsulo nsonga (shank) monga phirilo amene m'munsi mwake 1 cm yaitali chitoliro awiri. Iye welded kuti chitoliro lapansi. Pafupifupi mita kutalika kwa chubu nsonga (60 mokwanira cm) ndi allocated ndi wosazindikira fyuluta - chipangizo vodoprinimayuschee kwa malowedwe mu chitsime cha madzi aquifer. 6 mamilimita kubowola mabowo kupanga 5 cm padera.

Ikani pa chitoliro mulu dongosolo la magawo awiri osiyana. Choyamba - abutment ndi dzenje conical pansi chitoliro lapansi. kubwereketsa ake oyambirira lalikulu kuposa awiri lakunja la chubu kukankhidwira ndi 5 mm, amene chikukwanira mayikidwe mu kusiyana kwa m'munsimu wedges awiri - odulidwa povdol zachitsulo truncated phirilo. The awiri a phirilo pachimake awiri akuluakulu pang'ono a chitoliro, koma zosakwana linanena bungwe kabowo amasiya. Gawo lachiwiri - mantha "mkazi", katundu ndi bowo kudutsa kwa chitoliro ndi amangomvera ziwiri kukweza mpandawo.

Pamene kutsitsa akazi mu mphindi mmene limalimbikitsa kwambiri wedges m'gulu mdzenje ndi kusunga chitoliro kuononga awo "manja". Pambuyo pothamangitsa gawo chubu phirilo otereŵa, kuwonjezeka chubu, svinchivaya ndi gawo lotsatira. Permute abutment ndi wedges kuvala "Babu" ndi chitoliro kupitiriza clogging wa aquifer lapansi. Nthawi chitoliro ayenera zimayenda za olamulira a.

Maonekedwe a madzi mu chitsime anatsimikiza ndi kutsitsa mu sinker atamangirira chingwe. Ngati iye adzaukitsa pamwamba yonyowa, ndiye bwino wapita mozama aquifer lapansi. Nkofunika "Pepala" wosanjikiza izi madzi opatsa. M'pofunika kusiya mapeto perforated wa chitoliro mu thanthwe madzi zimalimbikitsa. Ndi kuyamba ikukoka miniskvazhiny dzanja woyamba mpope. Monga mafotokozedwe madzi pochitika ikukoka pamwamba madzi magetsi mpope.

Buku auger zitsime pobowola madzi - luso ofanana ndi amene analongosola mothandizidwa ndi nsanja zomwe m'malo muno ndi anthu awiri. Kumene, magawo a makina oziziritsa pobowola iwo sangathe kuchita. Ena amisiri m'malo mphamvu pa zimagwirira.

Zitsime pobowola madzi

njira yosavuta ndi ndalama kochepa zipangizo, mphamvu ndi nthawi. Zokwaniritsa - bwino akuya 10 m, wosemedwa apangidwe dothi lotayirira.

Zida - Pump "Kamnyamata", mphamvu ya madzi (apamwamba buku bwino, koma mungathe mbiya malita 200). Chipata kutembenukira chubu unapangidwa machubu awiri ndi achepetsa mphete.

Zipangizo: chitoliro awiri a 120 mamilimita ndi kutalika akuya bwino. Pa m'munsi barbs mapeto tadulidwa, chapamwamba mapeto flange ali okonzeka ndi nipple, ndi payipi mwa madzi idzayenda kutuluka mbiya opanikizika analengedwa ndi mpope "Baby". Pakuti ogwiritsa ndi flange kumalire a chubu welded tsamba 4 ndi mabowo kwa akapichi M10.

Labor mphamvu: n'kosavuta ntchito pamodzi. Nthawi imene - mamita 6 malowedwe a loam maola 1-2.

Pobowola Njira: kukumba dzenje kuya za wina mita, anaika vertically mu chitoliro ndi ikukoka mu izo kupopa madzi. The madzi kusiya kudzera mapeto m'munsi incisors pa, adzatsuka nthaka, kumasula danga pansi chitoliro zimene kumira chifukwa cha kulemera yake. Ndikofunikira, kugwedezeka, onsewo chitoliro m'mano anayamba kugwa thanthwe. Mokhomerera particles thanthwe opanikizika zili pamodzi ndi madzi sump lapansi. Kuyambira izi zingakhale belo ndipo sefa, kachiwiri ntchito ankatenthetsa. Kukwanilitsa aquifer, kuchotsa flange ndi m'chitsimemo pa mlingo wa madzi, koma asanafike pansi, adalowetsedwa mpope kutulutsa.

Mitundu zitsime madzi

Iwo anawagawa besfiltrovye ndi Woganiza. Besfiltrovye okhuta ngakale mu aquifers wapangidwa ndi mchenga bwino grained, kapena wolingalira miyala zikukhudza. Ena aquifer fyuluta anasankha malingana ndi tuzigawo twa madzi mwankhanza thanthwe.