The boti "Estonia" kumira. Chinsinsi cha imfa ya boti "Estonia"

masoka Maritime ambiri. Zikuoneka kuti anthu kupitiriza kuona kugwa kwa ngalawa zina, ndege, sitima ndi zipangizo zina zosiyanasiyana, kukhala mofulumira ndi zovuta zambiri. Koma nthawi iliyonse pali zinazake zoopsa, limodzi ndi akuvutika ambiri anthu, sicikanathandiza kufanizitsa ndi nkhani ya tsoka kale. Kugwa kwa boti Estonia anachititsa kuyanjana ndi imfa ya "Titanic." Ndithudi, masoka awiriwa chinthu chimodzi. Nthawi zonse, zombo zikuluzikulu ndi yapamwamba, anamira anthu ambiri, ndi kuoneratu kuti palibe munthu akanakhoza. Koma zonsezi ndi kokha pa koyamba. Zochitika zofufuza amadziŵika ndi akatswiri ufulu anali zankhanza ndi akusonyeza kuti ngozi imeneyi akanatha kupewa. Komabe, Mabaibulo anali zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

anali bwato Kodi

The boti "Estonia" anali chotengera mwanaalirenji amapereka okwera lake kusuntha yothandiza ku doko wina ndi mzake, ndi ulendo zosangalatsa. Chifukwa chaichi, bolodi anali zonse zofunikira ndi zambiri frills, cholinga kulenga wosaiwalika. malo omwera angapo ndipo odyera, kalabu ndi madansi, ndi kusambira dziwe, zosangalatsa chipinda ana, malo anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta, ndi mafilimu a kanema zamakono amapereka chibwana wosangalatsa kwa ulendo wonse. Photo wa boti "Estonia" linasindikizidwa pa mapositi kadi amagulitsidwa masitolo kachikumbutso pano, pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zofunika mu njira ndi kugula kachikumbutso. Koma chinthu chachikulu tiyenera kukumbukira poika maboti. N'kale lonse ndithu posachedwapa zakale nzika Soviet mwayi kuti apite kunja ndi galimoto yake ankaona ngati mwambo mwanaalirenji moyo European. 460 malo a magalimoto zokwanira aliyense amene anali ndi ndalama kulipira aliyense wa iwo. Bwato "Estonia" kuyang'ana wapamwamba ndipo unali waukulu (kutalika mamita 155, m'lifupi -. 24 m, 15,5 tonnes kusamutsidwa). Linamangidwa mu Germany mu 1980, "Meyer" doko la zombo zapanyanja kwa kampani Norway kutumiza, koma nthawi yomweyo resold "Viking Line". Ndiye boti dzina lake "Silviya Star," koma zilembo pa bolodi, kusonyeza kampani shipowner anayenera mobwerezabwereza kujambula ndi kulemba atsopano. Mu 1991 chombo anagulidwa ndi "Vasa Line" ndipo anadzatchedwa ndi "Wasa Mfumu." Ndiye Kuphatikizana zinachitika, ndipo walandira watsopano, nthawi imeneyi dzina lomaliza - pa boti "Estonia". imfa yake mu madzi ozizira nyanja ya Baltic mu 1994 anadabwa dziko.

mfundo youma

The boti lamanzere Tallinn pa ndandanda, pa kotala pasiti seveni madzulo pa September 27. nyengo zabwino, koma ananeneratu kuwonongeka ake. Apaulendo ndi kusangalala, koma ora la pakati pa usiku, ambiri a iwo kale atagona. Pamene "Estonia" boti zapita adutsa Turku mzere, anthu analibe nthawi kugona, ndinamverera kulikhutchumula wamphamvu ndithu, ndipo anamva kulira. Sitima inayamba atchule kuti wina pasiti usiku adzikometsa otsetsereka anafika madigiri 30, ndipo anapitiriza kukula. Anayamba mantha, koma khama kupulumutsa kwambiri m'basimo anali pachabe, kutuluka makonde kunali kosatheka. Madzi anali kubwera, ndipo kokha okhala sitimayo chapamwamba anali ndi mwayi pa moyo. The akafuna anali ukufalitsidwa, koma zayamba nthunzi nthawi yomweyo wasoŵa pa zenera makina ounikira, - anali khumi ndi mausiku awiri. Bwato "Estonia" kumizidwa pa akuya pafupifupi 80 mamita pa amayang'anira 59 ° 22 'N ndi 21 ° 40' kum'mawa longitude. M'mawa uthenga wachisoni ponseponse dziko.

chipulumutso

Woyamba anafika ku malo a tsoka ndi boti "Mariella" amene adalira anachita kuti apulumutse anthu akuvutika. The mwayi tabadwa angapo anthu zana, amene anali kuchoka Sitima chokani kwa izo. Total pa bolodi anali 989 adalira mamembala ndi anthu. Kunabuka mkuntho, mphepo yamphamvu, chifunga anamveketsa vuto. Maboti opulumutsa anthu pangozi ndi Hiramu anatumiza anali wachabechabe, iwo anapezeka kanthu, anthu ambiri anali munthu madzi atavala kuti. Iwo supercool ndipo anafa. Pakati pa usiku atatu choncho analowa Helicopters, koma iwo analephera, zingwe mu mphepo sakanakhoza kupirira katundu. Ngakhale amene anakwanitsa kulera, anafa ndi kuzizira. Kuyesetsa amunamuna a panyanjawa zinachititsa kuti apulumutse anthu 137 kuchokera kwa anthu onse Tallinn zatengedwa pa bolodi boti "Estonia". Kupha 95 mamembala adalira ndi anthu, pamene 757 ankatengedwa chikusowa, koma pa asanu m'mawa, zinadziwika kuti zikhoza kuganiziridwa mndandanda zachisoni.

Baibulo boma

Fotokozani imfa mofulumira chotengera ano m'dera mwachilungamo abwino nyanja nthawi yomweyo palibe amene amadzinenera. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika Komabe, kuti boti "Estonia" Amira chifukwa cha mafunde a kunyanyala wathyola visors (izi ndi zinthu za limbikitsa, pamene inu kutsegula makina amene angathe kulowa potsegula sitimayo). Wolakwa chipani mopupuluma analengeza German doko la zombo zapanyanja «Meyer», umene oimira doko la zombo zapanyanja akhala anakana kuti mawu a ntchito pa nthawi ya tsoka kuposa zaka 14. Komanso chipangizo flotation konse sanali anaikira nyanja kapena nyanja mafunde, ndiponso anayenera kusankha yekha mwa nyanja cabotage flights Mwachitsanzo kuwoloka Magombe. Mulimonsemo, chifukwa cha tsokalo umatchedwa. Koma si kufotokoza zinthu zonse. Pali Baibulo zina.

mankhwala

zingwe zopota anali akusokoneza; masamba chinagwa, iwo anadzapeza pa chidwi (za mtunda a) kuchoka malo yatsoka pansi pa mulanduwo. Koma kuphunzira anakweza kapangidwe zinthu anasonyeza kuti ubwenzi anali amphamvu ndipo akhoza theoretically kupirira mu chatsekedwa malo katundu wolemera. Ndiye kunali lomwe zingwe zopota kulephera zinachitika chifukwa kutsegula kuli nthambi pa liwiro zonse. Pomwepo ndi dzanja wina ndi kuwala anali kukonza ndi kopanda wa kuponya m'nyanja mankhwala phwando. Zikuoneka kuti munthu wina anali kuteteza kuzembetsa kudikira kuti dikirani, ndi yomweyo anachotsa za katundu woopsa. Version, kuziyika izo modekha, anali nkhambakamwa chabe. Ngakhale boti "Estonia" ndipo anali kunyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo, sanathe buku lalikulu, kuwaponya m'nyanja sakanakhoza kudzipha chiopsezo.

Kuphulika?

Kodi ngati kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke amakhala otseka, tingakhalebe amaganiza kuti amakonda ukuvutika ndi maganizo zina, monga zachiwawa. Kuyesa amanena anaukitsidwa kwa pansi chinagwa mbali yagwiridwira mu 2000, akhala akukonza kuphunzira. Bwino zinthu zimenezi sanali kupereka yankho, koma sanakanepo ndi kopanda. Ndani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani kunali upandu? Pa nthawiyi, pomwepo awiri malingaliro matanthauzo ofananafanana.

Kawiri kazitape Baibulo

Pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Union kulamulira kuchuluka kwa zida amasunga m'gawo lake, kuphatikizapo zatsopano, pang'ono anataya. Osachepera, kotero kuti akatswiri ena amakono. Kumene mayiko ufulu Soviet Union anakhala eni arsenals chidwi zimene zidali mbali imodzi ya kapangidwe atsopano, kuphatikizapo zokhudza wapadera ndi nyukiliya. Izo zinaliri apo, ndi apo anali kuuluka kwa zonena amene anali ndi chidwi kuwonongedwa kwa katundu chinsinsi. Njira yoyamba - pa boti "Estonia" anamiza CIA, oopa kukhudzana zochita zake espionage, ndi enaake umboni uliwonse pansi. The kungoganizira chachiwiri sizitero, koma tanthauzo lake ndi limodzi. Russian nzeru wothandizira, olandira "kiyi-gii-zina kuti adzipeza", kupewedwa akuyesayesa kuchotsa zida Soviet chinsinsi.

Kodi chinsinsi cha kwachinsinsi

Pali zingapo mavuto amene kuzindikirike ndi anthu ndi siinampezebe malongosoledwe. A kompyuta molimba pagalimoto lomwe ndi chizindikiro amodzi mu chotengera ndi kwenikweni ndege "wakuda bokosi" mode, osiyana ndi ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa sanapezeke, ngakhale kuyang'ana mosamala. Awiri heavy-ntchito galimoto pa bolodi, monga mboni, kodi sudzatha miyambo anayendera. Chinsinsi cha imfa ya "Estonia" boti ndi zambiri yosokoneza, popeza mkulu Oil, kusowa Baibulo boma cha chosowacho, anaonedwa imodzi magalimoto zachipatala, onyamula anapulumutsidwa, ndipo ngakhale anapanga kanema. Atatero anali asanaonepo kachiwiri. Mofananamo, iwo mbisoweka ndi anthu ena pambuyo kuchotsa iwo m'madzi ozizira. Komabe, zonse izi zikhoza anafotokozera pa chisokonezo akulamulira zonse pambuyo tsoka lalikulu.

Koma n'chifukwa chiyani alumikizana sitima anaganiza khoma konkire, ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Kuya ku chimene Amira, osati lalikulu monga kuteteza zochotsa chotengeracho ngati sichoncho, ndiye osachepera mitembo ya anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi Ronaldo. Komabe, anaganiza muyaya kubisala pansi wosanjikiza konkire pa maso pa bwato "Estonia". Kuphetsa akhalabe manda awo zitsulo muyaya. Kodi mungatani kuti sakhulupirira Baibulo "nyukiliya"?

The yankho zambiri

Mu chabe tsiku theka pamaso pa amapha ndege boti "Estonia" kakusintha anayendera luso. Tsankho akatswiri maganizo pa chikhalidwe chake chiwerengero cha zolakwa, chimene chakhala analidziwitsa kampani kasamalidwe kutumiza. Ngakhale izi, sitima m'chombo kumka ku nyanja. Mwa mavuto ananena akatswiri ndi kuyan'anila za yomanga potseka ndiziwunda zipangizo. Zikuoneka kuti anthu amalonda Estonia amene alibe ndalama zokwanira yokonza zida, anaganiza kaye kukonza, koma tsopano ndalama zambiri. Izi amatikumbutsa kwambiri wa chiyembekezo mwina zimachitika chifukwa ena chimodzi chokha Russian. Zimenezi zingachititse uglyadet kubisala mfundo zambiri zimene zinachititsa yatsoka ndi Mabaibulo tingaganize. Zofuna za boma ndi kutchuka kwake, mwina asonyeza kunyalanyaza choonadi. The nyanja sakhululuka chosasamala.