"The chowala mvula" (SHukshin): kusanthula Nkhani

Russian prose wa zaka zao za sikisite ndi olemera pa ntchito kufotokoza maganizo atsopano pa dziko otizungulira. M'malo mwa boma zofalitsira nkhani mabuku anabwera mabuku kuti kusintha malamulo a zochitika zambiri mbiri, posachedwapa anamasulira ndithu unambiguously. Inde, mwachindunji odana Bolshevism izo sizinali iye dongosolo analangidwa koopsa. Ambiri ntchito kwa olemba analandira kukana uphimbika mwa collectivization chimene chachititsa kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale njira ya kumidzi Russian. Imodzi mwa ntchito zinalembedwa Vasily Shukshin ( "Kuwala mvula"). kusanthula Nkhani apereka umboni wa udindo lenileni la wolemba poyerekezera ndi njira fratricidal zikuchitika mu dziko lathu mu mochedwa 20 ndi kumayambiriro 30 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo.

nkhani

Phata la nkhani ndi laconic dialogues ya zilembo zazikulu ziwiri: chikominisi-collectivizers Yefim Bedareva ndi kale Cyril nkhonya. Zidzachitika mu malo kugawidwa ndi kutsegula zenera. khoma ili mukuimira munthu zikulepheretsa maganizo pakati otchuka awiri. kale anali adani akulankhula ndi mwamtendere, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri zikuluzikulu: mmodzi wa osamvana mwakayakaya, ndi ena alibe zolinga aukali. Nkhani ayenera payokha kupenda mwachidule ake. SHukshin kuwala mvula yomwe inayamba m'mawa, kwambiri, amawatenga ngati chizindikiro cha kuyeretsedwa.

Nthawi zina, pali anthu ena, dotolo ndi wodwala mwana chigawo chipatala, amene anabwera kuchokera ku mzinda. Mayendedwe laconic ndi zina anasankha mawu ena ndi mawu, unintelligible ena. Nkhani umatha ndi imfa ya Efim ndi Cyril kunyamuka, pa amene mutu kuchokera kumwamba anathira mvula ofunda kuwala kwa moto. SHukshin mwadala amapewa ndemanga, kupereka owerenga kuti aone zochitika okha.

kusanthula kuchuluka

nkhani linalembedwa mu 1966. Ngati tingayerekezere kuti zochitika izi zimachitika pa nthawi yomweyo ngati zilembo zazikulu mu nthawi yogwira wa dispossession osauka anali mu makumi ake, zikhoza kapadera kuti iwo kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu, uwu uli m'badwo wa kusanthula awo. Shukshin "chowala mvula" analemba za m'badwo anzawo makolo awo, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhani amakonda. Age limanenedwa ngati dotolo wamng'ono "kwa zopusa." Ndiko kulondola, pambuyo pa mapeto a Medina munthu ali kugawa pakati chigawo, kumene mpaka aphunzire. Iye ayenera kuchitira aliyense, kuchokera zosiyanasiyana matenda. Awa analandira dokotala wamkulu. Ngakhale Bedareva ndi mwana wamkazi, Nina, iye, pang'ono amadziwika, koma n'zoonekeratu kuti iye amandikonda bambo ake amadwala kulekana naye, zikuonekeratu anachita ake pa imfa ya kholo. Nina - mkazi zaka zofanana monga adzikonda mwini VM Shukshin. "Kuwala mvula" njira zina wokhudza pa ubale wa pakati pa abambo ndi ana. Amakondana mu Russian, osati kanthu, koma chifukwa chakuti iwo - magazi. Izo zinali pamenepo, ndipo tikuyembekeza kuti padzakhala nthawi zonse.

Kucheza opanda mawu

Pa chiyambi cha nkhaniyi "chowala mvula" Shukshin mumadabwa owerenga ndi maonekedwe yadzidzidzi ya protagonist mwachinsinsi. Mu zenera otsegula pa nthawi ya masika pali mutu waukulu ku lambskin kapu. zimene wodwalayo anali wokangalika, iye amayesa kuti awuke, maso ake unakhala anadabwa. Alendo anayesetsa kudzilimbitsa Yefim, anaweyuridwa dzanja lake ngati kunenanso irrelevance mawonetseredwe malamulo ulemu pa nkhani zimenezi, ndipo anafotokoza kuti ankafunitsitsa kukaona "poprovedat", ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo anafunsa momwe zinthu zochita. Kusiyana kwa makhalidwe a anthu awiri kuleza bwino kusonyeza madigiri osiyana chikhulupiriro, amasonyeza maganizo iwakhudzire. Shukshin "chowala mvula," iye analemba monga munthu wokhwima, zaka 37 - zaka limene munthu akhoza kuonanso khalidwe la anthu ena pa zizindikiro si mawu. maso Cyril ndi azungu, si bwino kumene kuyang'ana, mwina pa Yefim, ndipo mungathe, kudzera kapena ngakhale zapitazi. Izi ndi kukambirana wina pa sill, amene nthawi zina amatsamira alendo amasonyeza wosakoma zokhudza mlendo kwa odwala nkhalamba. Mu House, iye sanabwere.

awiri dziko

Ziribe kanthu momwe wodziŵa kugwedeza ndi manja interlocutors, akamanena za nkhani zawo ali bwino kwambiri ponena. Ndi momveka bwino, ngakhale kufupika mokambirana, apa pali mwachidule. Shukshin "chowala mvula" analengedwa monga nkhani za zipolowe wa malingaliro awiri omwe akhala mwiniwake wa zilembo wake. Cyril - dekulakized mlimi, mu kugwa kwa tsoka lake wolakwa Yefim, ndi womenyera ufulu akumidzi. Ngakhale mawu akale Bolshevik kuti akuchita bwino, woyimba amadziwa kuti zinthu zoipa kwambiri. Sitingathe kunena kuti nkhonya akale zokhumudwitsa, koma osawonetsa schadenfreude. M'malo mwake, iye amafuna kuti nthawi kunena chinachake zofunika pa mapeto, ndipo zikuoneka mantha kukhala mochedwa. Ngakhale achipongwe Moti "kukwawa" Kirill ananyalanyaza. Iye alibe nthawi kusunga mkwiyo, iye akufuna kumvetsa mdani wake wakale. Anagonjetsa wamba anati zochitika zaka zoposa makumi atatu zapitazo, kufunsa mafunso, koma sanafune yankho lomveka bwino.

Efim

Intransigence - ndicho chimene Shukshin analemba "Kuwala mvula." Nkhani kusanthula kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti zilembo ziwiri zikuluzikulu za chilichonse bondo. Koma ngati Kirill amapanga pofuna kumvetsa zolinga za Efim, akale Bolshevik udindo maganizo cliches, safuna ngakhale pang'ono n'kuganizira kulondola zochita zawo. chikumbumtima chake, anavomereza kuti, sazunza. Iye molimba mtima pamaso pa dokotala wamng'ono, ngakhale, ndithudi, mantha kuyandikira kwa imfa, kuganizira mofatsa kutha ngati kuli Mulungu woona. Ndimachita mantha ndi ululu m'tsogolo. Koma pamene dokotala amayesetsa kuchotsa gwero lake, mwachionekere ndi zovuta, wodwalayo mwadzidzidzi anakana. Yefim amafunikanso kulankhula. Ndinkaphunzitsa likukhalira kuti pali opusa ochepa (ndipo choncho kuziganizira yekha wanzeru). Ndipo adazizwa likuvutika munthu Cyril anafuna kukhala wolemera.

Kirill

Anagonjetsa Cyril Shukshin Vasiliy Makarovich komanso si idealize. Ichi ndi mlimi wamba, amene waukulu maloto analidi chuma. nkhani ina ndi kuti sali kulota mabanki awo, zachifumu ndiponso nyumba zosanja zitalizitali. Iye adzakhala zokwanira pa nyumba yake, ndi chiwerengero cha ziweto, ndi maekala angapo a dziko ndi ufulu kwayekha. Cyril sangathe kumvetsa, kwa chiani Yefim anathyola mpingo, anawononga moyo wake ndi zina kumidzi "ndi majeremusi" amene anapindula ulemerero mwa khama. Komabe, ngakhale iye sakanakhoza kupha mdani wake, ngakhale kuti n'zotheka ngati iye anali. Pepani ichi "nthenda" omwe poyamba anaitanidwa opusa woyera. Iye amayesetsa kumvetsa Yefim womenyera ufulu, koma sadayakhe yekha anamutcha wopusa. Iwo ikuthawa ndi ndodo lonse la chipatala ( "ogloedy"). Kirill maganizo oipa kwa mdani wake kufa salinso nazo.

Maonekedwe a zilembo

Molondola adzaweruza maonekedwe a ngwazi za salola lemba aliyense zonse kapena chidule cha anthu. Shukshin "chowala mvula" analemba, ngati wina anganene amisiri, molimba mtima ndi zikwapu lalikulu. Yefim Zikuwoneka linada, kutopa matenda. Choncho zikuoneka woonda ndi otsika, mosiyana ndi Cyril, mwini mutu waukulu ndipo zikuoneka molingana ndi kukula kwa thupi lake. Ofooka munthu sibwenzi anapulumuka mu ukapolo ndi dekulakized anali mmenemo, amatikumbutsa interlocutor wake za izo.

Pa anthu ena akhoza kunena pang'ono kuwerenga nkhaniyi "chowala mvula." Shukshin ninu, Yefim mwana wamkazi, limamutchula kuti mkazi makumi atatu, koma dokotala wamng'ono otchulidwa.

Zizindikiro ndi ufa

Ngati zina ndi wolemba amatenga chidwi owerenga, kuti nkhaniyi mphindi yotsiriza ya moyo wa Bolshevik akale. Kutsamwa kupsa kukhosomola limene linagwedeza thupi lake lopuwala, njakata kaimidwe atagona pa nsana wake ndi zovuta munthu akufota moto wakudya thupi kuchokera mkati, otentha chifunga, anatenga denga ndi makoma, zizindikiro izi zonse khansa modabwitsa yalongosoledwa momveka V. M. Shukshin. "The chowala mvula", nkhani ambiri, anamanga schematically osati yodzaza ndi mwatsatanetsatane zosafunika mbali yomaliza amakhala mwatsatanetsatane. Kuti wolemba ankafuna kunena kwa wowerenga? Mwinamwake, anatsindika kuti uneneri za Cyril imfa katundu monga chiwonetsero cha chilungamo wapamwamba kwa olakwa anthu. Mulungu onse ngwazi za nkhani ya sadakhulupirire, koma nkhonya akale amadziwa kuti basi kanthu zimachitika mu dziko, choncho kulibe Mulungu mtheradi ndi kuitana kuti n'zosatheka.

tsamba chachinsinsi

Mu ntchito iyi, pali chinachake chidwi kwambiri kuposa woganiza wowerenga Vasily Shukshin nkhani zomwe pafupifupi konse muli chilichonse osadziŵika. Pa nthawi ya imfa ya Efim, limp thupi pamene anaika pa bedi, kuchitika atatu chabe mystically imodzimodzi zochitika. Cyril Mwadzidzidzi, kani, mawu ake kufunsa ngati icho chili choipa. Kenako pawindo akulowa pepala, ndipo sizikumveka ngati iye n'kuzisonkheza Komiti danga dala kapena analowa gust mphepo. Ndiyeno akuyamba chowala mvula, Shukshin nkhani dzina lake polemekeza chodabwitsa zachilengedwezi. Kodi zinthu zimenezi? Kodi ndi amene analemba pa pepala ili? Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti anali uthenga umene ankafuna kupereka Cyril mdani lakale, koma sanayese n'komwe. owerenga wapatsidwa ufulu kuyankha mafunso nokha.

Kodi nkhani

Iyi si nkhani yophweka, osati ulesi chibwana okonda zopeka anaulemba Shukshin Vasiliy Makarovich. Nkhani za mlembi wamkulu uyu, wakhala tingachipeze powerenga ano, nthawizonse chinachake kuphunzitsa, ali ndi pakati ndi kukhala ndi mtima wonse. Choncho zimene amatiuza mankhwala ndi chiyani limaphunzitsa owerenga?

Ndipotu, ngati chipango aliyense luso, nkhaniyi m'zigawozigawo. Iye woyamba wa zonse za kukwanilitsa kukhululukidwa. Pambuyo Cyril, kusiya mvula puddles ndi pa squishing nditagwira chipewa, bondo tormentor lake, ngakhale iye sanali kudziwa chifukwa chake.

Ndipo nkhani imeneyi za chikondi. Mwana imagwera pa myendo thupi la atate wake, amene, zikuoneka, sankadziwa za chikondi cha makolo.

Ndipo ntchito ganizo la kuyeretsedwa abwino. Kuwala mvula, monga madzi woyera, kusamba kuti achoke nyansi zonse, mkwiyo, anapeza pa zaka zambiri mu shawa Kirill.

Zonsezi zikhoza yagawidwa makhalidwe zitatu Mkhristu, Chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, chikondi. mvula iyi kwenikweni anali olandiridwa.