Timibulu madzi

Phula timibulu - awa zinthu ziri mesomorphic (pafupifupi, wapakatikati) pakati pa madzi isotropic ndi crystalline olimba. zinthu izi amatha kuyenda, akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a m'malovu. Pamodzi ndi chiwonetsero cha katundu awa, timibulu madzi kuonetsa anisotropic maginito, magetsi, kuwala, ndipo ena katundu kugwirizana ndi inalamula maselo mu lathu. M'mawu ena, zinthu ndi makhalidwe multidirectional. Popeza kunja chikoka anisotropic timibulu madzi madutsidwe ikukhudzana madutsidwe magetsi, maginito chiwopsezo, ndi dielectric zonse. Zinthu amalembedwa dichroism ndi birefringence.

Malinga pa chiphaso m'kagulu lyotropic ndi thermotropic timibulu madzi. Palinso kulekana kwa mitundu m'makalata ndi kapangidwe ka tinthu lapansi.

Smectic Phula timibulu

Choyamba anapeza iwo sopo ndi (choncho dzina - "smegma" - sopo). Malekezero a mamolekyulu monga anakonza nkhwangwa awo kotenga ndege perpendicular. Smectic timibulu madzi yodziwika ndi dongosolo magawo. zinthu izi monga njira amadzimadzi sopo, ethyl Ester azoksibenzoynoy.

"Smectics 'asamale kalasi yaikulu timibulu madzi. Anasankha mitundu ndi kuonetsa ferroelectric (pamaso pa kugawanika mowiriza mu zina kutentha osiyanasiyana). Mkulu kukhuthala sikuloledwa kupeza ntchito ambiri ndi timibulu smectic madzi mu luso.

kinematics

Nematic timibulu madzi ndi lathu zosiyanasiyana za nkhwangwa kotenga maselo ena malangizo. M'mawu ena, iwo yodziwika ndi losatha orientational dongosolo. Dzina galasi amachokera tanthauzo Greek a "wosalankhula" - ulusi. Disinclinations (filaments) ndi kuyenda mkulu mu kuwala, ali kuoneka bwino.

timibulu Cholesteric madzi ndi ntchito zawo

Mawonekedwe maselo a zinthu za mtundu zoti kufanana elongate mbale. Cholesterics kupereka propyl efa mafuta holesteriltsinnamat, opangidwa kuchokera zina mafuta.

Thermoindicators cholesteric timibulu madzi ankagwiritsa ntchito dianostike zachipatala ndi luso. The tilinazo zinthuzi kuti kutentha zimathandiza zowonera wa yogawa kutentha padziko. Zimenezi, ntchito kulingalira (njira kuonerera mwa thupi, optically opaque), kudziwika ndi matenda ena, komanso masensa kutentha. timibulu awa anapanga chitsanzo kutentha mawonekedwe a mtundu tchati. Cholesterics Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pamene otembenuza minda mayikirowevu. Indicators ntchito yopanga zazikulu zotsatira kuwala kubalalika. Mu anasonyeza madzi galasi ntchito kuwala yozungulira. Izi angathe kuchepetsa kwambiri mowa mphamvu. Choncho, mphamvu LCDs asapatsiridwe kuposa mu filimu ndi ufa phosphors emitting diodes, gasi kumaliseche kusonyezedwa. Cholesterics ntchito kusintha zochokera chithunzi infuraredi mu chooneka.

The cholesteric madzi galasi (mosiyana nematic) Mphamvu kuwala kubalalika mwina kukumbukira - boma, pa kubalalika kuwala kungapitirire ngakhale pambuyo kuchotsa m'munda. Pankhaniyi, zina zimatha cholesteric zimakhudza nthawi ya boma. Choncho, kukumbukira angapulumuke kwa mphindi zochepa kwa zaka zingapo. M'chigawo koyamba (sanali kubalalika) kumachititsa cholesteric alternating voteji. Anati katundu ntchito mu mapangidwe maselo kukumbukira.