The German woyendetsa Hartman Erih

Aliyense ali bwino zochita za oyendetsa Soviet aces, anasonyeza ungwazi wake pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Koma pang'ono anati za chakuti oyendetsa German wa nthawi mu zosatheka wolephera aviators wathu. Komanso, German woyendetsa Hartman Erih ndi Ace ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kupambana mu mbiri ya ndege dziko. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yake.

achinyamata

Hartman Erih Alfred anabadwa April 19, 1922 m'tauni yaing'ono ya anzeru, m'dziko la Württemberg. Iye sanali mwana yekhayo mu banja, Ace tsogolo anali mng'ono Alfred, kenako komanso nkhondowo woyendetsa.

Mu 20 ntchentche wa banja Hartmann a zokakhala ku China. chifukwa panali umphawi Mudali banja Germany akukumana nazo pa nthawi imeneyo chaukali mavuto azachuma. Komabe, kale mu 1928, Hartman Erih, ndi makolo ake ndi m'bale, anakakamizika kubwerera kwawo, kumene anakakhala m'tauni ya Weil im Schönbuch mu Württemberg.

Chikondi kwa ndege anali Erich magazi chifukwa mayi ake Elise Hartman anali mmodzi wa oyendetsa mkazi woyamba ku Germany. Mu 30s, iye amatulutsidwa glider wake sukulu kuti mwana wake bwinobwino.

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Hartman Erih mu 1936 analandira Institute National kwa Education Political. Patatha zaka zitatu, akupanga malingaliro mtsikana Ursula, amene anakumana nawo pamene kuphunzira ku sekondale kale mu Korntal. Ndithudi, iye sakanakhoza kukana chidwi ndi achinyamata munthu zotere Erich Hartmann. Photos zawo Album banja angaonedwe pansipa.

Chiyambi cha utumiki

Pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, woyendetsa tsogolo Erich Hartmann kutumikira mu Luftwaffe - Air Force Wehrmacht. Chotsatirapo cha chigonjetso wanzeru wa aces German chilakolako chake yekha anakula mphamvu, ndipo bwinobwino kuthawa maphunziro October 1941.

Mu miyezi cha 1942, ndi Erich ankachititsa makalasi ndi kulangiza mmodzi wa aces pamwamba German - Hogan. Ndipotu zimenezi, sanathe m'tsogolo sikungawononge zotsatira zake zabwino. Chinthu chofunika koposa anali makalasi awo pa womenya "Messerschmitt Bf109», amene Hartman Erih womangidwa ena ntchito yake katswiri woyendetsa.

Kenako, mu October 1942, a Ace tsogolo anatumizidwa ku North Caucasus monga gawo la chinayi Squadron 52nd Wankhondo Squadron (JG 52), amene anali ndi nthawi kuti kale ulemerero ndi kutchuka, motsogozedwa ndi mkulu Dietrich Grabakom.

Ndikufunirani bwino nthawi ina

Posakhalitsa panali ubatizo wa moto Erich Hartmann. Palibe zozizwitsa kapena chabwino m'tsogolo Ace anali odzipereka. Kupanga ndege pamodzi ndi wakeyo mwachindunji Edmund Rossman, iye anaiwala munthu wamkulu. Komanso, ndege ya Erich Hartmann anadwala matenda mwadzidzidzi wa womenya Soviet. Koma tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa woyendetsa wamng'ono - akadali anacititsa mdani ndi kuika kamera yake.

Akatswiri ambiri kenako ananena kuti Erich Hartman chabe mantha. Koma mantha ali yodziwika pafupifupi ndege, anapanga sortie chake choyamba, ndipo ngakhale amene anakhala Ace anazindikira m'tsogolo. Komabe, mu ndege zina Erich sanasiye chochititsa mantha kutenga pamwamba.

oyamba kugonjetsedwa

Koma ngakhale kuchiyambi ogwetsa ntchito yake asilikali, kumayambiriro November, Hartman Erih anali wokhoza kuti ndigonjetse wake woyamba pa mdani mu mlengalenga.

Anasokonezeka makumi awiri woyendetsa anakhala Soviet kuukira ndege IL-2, yomwe yakhala womangika kwambiri ndi woopsa mdani kwa oyendetsa German. Koma Erich anakwanitsa mwaluso kwayekha. Iye anali wokhoza kuti tiyandikire mdani ndege pafupi ndi zotheka ndi aiming kuti mafuta ake ozizira. Msampha umenewu waphunzitsa oyendetsa achinyamata kumenyana German Ace Alfred Grislavsky. Kenako woyendetsa Hartman wagwiritsa ntchito tsenga izi nkhondo ndi mtundu uwu wa zipangizo.

Komabe, monga nthawi yonse, anali mu mafuta ntchentche mu mafutawo. Mtunda moyandikana la ndegeyo downed ankasewera nthabwala wankhanza, ndi zidutswa za izo anazolowera chipangizo Erich. Iye anakakamizika kuti ndegeyo pangozi. Linali phunziro labwino kwa woyendetsa wamng'ono, kuti tipitirize izo, pambuyo kukwapula mdani pa osiyanasiyana pafupi, nthawi zonse ndinkayesetsa mwamsanga kupatulako ndege yake panjira.

ola abwino

Pambuyo nkhondo imeneyi ndi bwino anatsatira mndandanda wa utumwi zinalephereka. Choncho, Erich Hartmann kwa miyezi itatu yotsatira anatha gwetsa wagawo chimodzi chokha cha mdani.

ora lino la kupambana kwa woyendetsa wamng'ono zinachitika pa nthawi ya nkhondo Kursk, chikuchitika mu July ndi August 1943. Ngakhale wonse oipa zotsatira za nkhondo kuti asilikali German, pamene Eric anasonyeza zotsatira chidwi. Pambuyo pa nkhondo Kursk kumbuyo kwake kumanja anali atathana udindo - woyendetsa Ace. Hartman Erih kwa tsiku limodzi lokha la nkhondo anasonyeza chifukwa phenomenal, anawombera pansi asanu mdani ndege.

M'tsogolo, woyendetsa kokha kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kupambana kwawo. Pa August 1943 iye anaponya pansi 43 Soviet ndege, ndipo chiwerengero chawo okwana pa nthawi ino wafika nainte.

mozizwitsa kuthawa

Mu umodzi wa nkhondo izi kupulumuka ukapolo Erich Hartmann. Maulendo olembedwa yekha, kuwauza mwatsatanetsatane za nkhaniyi.

Pamene dalaivala German anamenyana ndi oyendetsa Soviet ndege wake kuwononga kwambiri kunkachitika. Pambuyo wina zida mdani anagogoda Hartman Erih, zidutswa boomerang yokutidwa galimoto yake. Izi kukakamiza Ace pamtunda m'dziko la adani.

Erich chinkhoswe kukonza ndege yake. Koma kenaka iye anaonera malo komwe anakhala kukonza akuyandikira detachment wa asilikali Soviet. The mwayi chabe kuti athawe ndi kupewa adani anali kuyesezera kukhala wavulala. Hartmann anagwiritsa ntchito mwayi bwino. machitidwe ake anali opanda cholakwa kuti asilikali Red Army kukhulupirira kuti Eric liri mu chikhalidwe kufa.

Asilikali yodzaza ndi Ace German pa machira ndi kutumizidwa ndi galimoto wagawo ndi. Koma Erich, kuwongolera mphindi, analumpha kuchokera mu galimoto ndipo anathawa. No chipolopolo umalimbana kwa Hartman, musati kugunda chandamale, koma, Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kale kumbali German wa kutsogolo, iye anavulazidwa anzake asamuone asilikali, amene anatenga woyendetsa wobisala mwa mdani.

N'zovuta adzaweruza bwanji nkhani woona anauza Erich Hartmann. Maulendo a woyendetsa ndiyekhayo imene dziko ankadziwa izo.

patsogolo

Ngakhale dziko la Germany anabwerera mopitirira malire a Ulamuliro wa Nazi, Eric Hartman aliyense nkhondo chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha kupambana kwake munthu. Pakutha 1943 chiwerengero chawo chinali wofanana pafupi ndi makumi asanu. Ndi nthawi Al ali anakwanitsa kufika monga mphoto ya Knight a Cross - kusiyana apamwamba mu dziko la Germany.

A nambala yaikulu Hartman yapambana anafesa mbewu za chikayikiro kudalirika kwawo, ngakhale mu German High Lamulo. Koma kenako, Eric anali wokhoza kutsimikizira kuti kukaikira ngati zoona. Pa chiyambi cha March 1944 chiwerengero cha ndege mdani anawomberedwa pansi Ace German, kuposa mazana awiri, monga wa July 1, wafika mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu.

Ndi nthawi iyi nkhondo zisudzo European cha nkhondoyi analowa US Air Force. Ndipo tsopano ndi US ndege, makamaka "Mustangs" anali otsutsa waukulu woyendetsa ndege German.

Koma kutchuka ali mbali ziwiri za ndalama. Kamodzi August 1944, chiwerengero cha kupambana ndi Erich kuposa mazana atatu, iye anadzakhala nthano moyo, opambana kwambiri Ace wa nthawi zonse. Iwo zinatichititsa kuganiza za utsogoleri Wehrmacht kuti mwambo wa imfa yake, mfundo imeneyi kwambiri kufooketsa asilikali German. Choncho anaganiza kuti mupewe ndi lodziwika bwino woyendetsa m'dera kumenyana yogwira. Movutikira, Hartmann anakwanitsa kuteteza ufulu wawo kukhala kutsogolo.

nkhondo akamaliza

Kumayambiriro 1945, Erich Hartmann anapatsidwa lamulo la squadron kugwirizana. Bwino anakhala mu udindo uwu.

nkhondo German Ace wake wotsiriza womwe unachitika pa May 8, 1945, ndipotu kale pambuyo kusaina agonje German, pa mzinda Czechoslovak wa Brno. Pa tsiku limene iye anaponya pansi womenya Soviet. Koma, pozindikira kulephera kwa kukana, kenako Hartman ndi zotsala za wagawo wake anakakamizika adzipereke kwa US asilikali magawano.

nkhondo itatha,

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, mogwirizana ndi mapangano pakati opambana, Erich Hartmann anaperekedwa ndi America kuti pambali Soviet msilikali, amene nkhondo ndi Red Army.

Mu Soviet Union Hartmann adapezeka olakwa kamodzi kwa zaka 10 pa milandu nkhondo. Ndiyeno zaka 25 kuyendetsa anagalukira m'ndende. Koma mu 1955 ndi Ace lodziwika bwino anatulutsidwa, malinga ndi pangano amgwirizano pakati pa USSR ndi Germany pa repatriation akaidi a nkhondo.

Chikadzangotha kunyumba Hartmann anachira ya usilikali akapitawo. Anaikidwa mkulu wa squadron lapansi. The yosiya wa Ace wotchuka anachoka mu 1970, ngakhale anapitiriza ntchito pambuyo ndege mlangizi.

Anamwalira Erica Hartmann September 19, 1993, zaka 71.

Khalidwe lapadera Ace

Hartman anali yodziwika ndi anzake monga munthu sociable ndi mokondwera. Mwamsanga anazitsanulira mwa gulu latsopano ndi nthawi anasangalala ulemu ndi chisoni comrades. Munthu aliyense akhoza kotero kupambana monga Erich Hartmann. Photos kuti tili nazo, kutsimikizira kamodzinso umboni wa chikhalidwe chake sociable. Iwo nthawi anamusonyeza ankamwetulira ndiponso mokondwera, kawirikawiri mabwenzi.

Anzawo anapereka Hartmann ankasewera dzina lakuti "Bubi" kutanthauza "Kamnyamata". chifukwa anali wamfupi msinkhu wake ndi chakuti iye anayang'ana achinyamata msinkhu wake.

Erich Hartmann konse ankakonda nawo mu nkhondo yaitali yotopetsa mpweya, ankaona kuti zinthu mwadzidzidzi ndi mofulumira, koma pa osiyanasiyana pafupi. Pambuyo amenye, iye anayesa kuti achoke posachedwapa ku nkhondo, osati kuti yokutidwa ndi makombo a ndege downed kapena agwidwa ndi madalaivala ena mdani. Mwina ndendende chifukwa cha njira imeneyi Hartman anatha kukwaniritsa lochititsa chidwi chiwerengero zoterozo zigonjetso.

Zikayenda komanso kufunika

Panopa, azambiriyakale ambiri ankhondo ndi biographers kugwiritsa ntchito zimene munthu woyendetsa kwambiri, Erich Hartmann. Photos, zikalata, Maulendo ndi thandizo lalikulu mu ntchito yovuta.

Erich Hartmann moyenerera ankavala mutu wa Ace chachikulu munthawi zonse. Total Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse nkhondo mpweya 802, zomwe 352 zinachititsa zosafunika akadali zotsatira chosaneneka. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu 1404 sorties zidalengedwa.