Dziko mbatata. Mbiri ya mbatata mu Russia

Pambuyo mkate ndi monga chimanga mbewu masamba izi ndi ambiri, ayenera adzatenga malo chachiwiri. Africa kapena America, Europe kapena Asia - mosasamala m'dzikoli, iwo regale anthu padziko lonse. Ndife anazolowera kuti iwo saganiza iye chinthu chatsopano ndipo ndithu kumutenga mwa chakudya cha. Tikuyankhula zokhudza nthawi yaitali kudziwika kwa ife mbatata. Tiyeni tikumbukire nthawi imene sinali ambiri, mufunze twangwi ya mavuto kugwirizana ndi imfa yake, ndi kupeza chifukwa chake pakali wapatali kwambiri ku Russia. Koma tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira poti izo yafalikira kuzungulira dziko. anali malo mbatata chiyani? Ndi Europe kapena kumalo ena?

mbatata dziko

Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti mbatata anabwera kwa ife ku South America. Mbatata Mama - Chile, Peru ndi Bolivia. Ngakhale lero, mu nthawi yathu, mu Andes Tingaone, onse kuthengo limakula mbatata. Kumeneko, pamalo okwera kuposa kilometre, ndi tubers angapezeke mitundu pafupifupi onse pakalipano. Malinga ndi mfundo za asayansi, kalelo Indians m'derali akhoza kawetedwe ndi crossbreed mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, kuphatikizapo mbatata. Mfundo yoyamba kwambiri mbatata unachokera kwa Msipanishi, membala wa nkhondo Yuliana De Castellanos mu 1535. Malinga ndi iye, muzu wa chimanga zomera uyu anadza kulawa ngakhale ku Spain. Komabe, anthu angapo anamvera mawu ake. Kotero inu mukhoza mwachidule mmene nkhani anayamba mbatata chiyambi (kugawa ake).

Kodi chikhalidwe anadza kwa Europe

Malongosoledwe wotsatira wa mbatata chipezeka mu "Chronicle la Peru" Pedru Chieza de León. Iye ndi mwatsatanetsatane ndi momveka bwino zomera. mbatata zikamera nkhani wakhala chidwi Mfumu ya Spain, amene analamula kuti abweretse yaikulu ya mankhwala kunja. Choncho, chifukwa Spain, malo mbatata - America South - wapereka masamba izi mu Europe. Poyamba iye anali mu Italy ndipo kenako mu Belgium. Pambuyo pake, mfumu ya Mons (Belgium) anapereka tubers yowerengeka Arc ake ndi mnzake mu Vienna. bwenzi lake okha, komanso katswiri, anafotokoza mbatata m'buku lake "Pa zomera." Uyamiko kwa Iye, mbatata muli sayansi yake dzina - Solyanum tuberozum eskulentum (tuber nightshade). Patapita kanthawi mbatata kulongosola ndi dzina la chikhalidwe munda akhala ambiri amavomereza.

mu Ireland

Ndi nthawi Ireland, ndipo mu 1590s mbatata anafika kumeneko. Pali anapeza kuzindikira ambiri chifukwa chakuti bwino mizu ngakhale zinthu ndi zovuta. Kaya chilengedwe, yonyowa kapena youma, zofewa kapena zimasintha kaya tubers anakwiriridwa mu lachonde kapena chonde, mbatata anabweretsa zipatso. Chifukwa chake kotero kufalitsa 1950 osachepera theka la malo onse olimapo yabzalidwa ndi kakwamba mbatata. Anthu oposa theka la zokolola anali umalimbana anthu amadya. Choncho, mbatata anayamba kudya kadzutsa, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya. Onse zikanakhala zabwino, koma ndiye akanakhala yokolola osauka? Kodi kudya Irish mu nkhani iyi? Iwo sanafune kuganiza za izo.

Zotsatira za kukolola osauka

Ngati izo zisanachitike kuti mbatata sanapereke zokolola kuyembekezera, ndiye timapanga ena khama kupereka thandizo lofunika kuti tsokali. Ndipo ngati chaka chamawa kachiwiri kunapezeka kusonkhanitsa chiwerengero ofunikira mizu, kufika zolakwa za nthawi yapita. Choncho, mu 1845 panali yokolola wina osauka. Koma palibe m'modzi mukusautsika zimayambitsa nkhaniyi. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ndiye komabe samadziwa zambiri zokhudza mochedwa choipitsa - matenda mbatata, chifukwa cha zomwe analephera kusonkhanitsa chofunika kuchuluka kwa masamba. The bowa kuti infects tubers, zikubweretsa mbatata lawola pansi, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo yokolola m'minda. Komanso, mafangasi spores matenda mosavuta kufalitsa ndi m'malovu airborne. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mu Ireland panthawiyo mbatata anabzala yekha mtundu umodzi, mbewu lonse anataika msanga. Chinthu chomwecho chinachitika mu zaka zingapo zotsatira, zikubweretsa poyamba kuti ulova ndi ndiye kuti njala mu dzikoli. Mwanjira zimatikhudza motani kolera, umene 1849 anapha anthu oposa 36 zikwi. Mbiri ya mbatata ndi kukhota kusalabadira kwa zinachititsa chakuti boma wataya kuposa kotala la anthu ake.

Mbatata: Mbiri ya kuyendera Russia

Pang'onopang'ono chikhalidwe kufalikira ku Europe, monga taonera ichi chitsanzo cha Ireland, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, izo poyamba anaonekera mu Russia. Masiku amenewo, Peter ndinali kupita ku Netherlands. Apo iye anali ndi mwayi kulawa mbale anakonza kuchokera mbatata (pa nthawi imeneyo, tsopano, sankadziwa kuti mbatata ndi kunyumba kwa America South). Analawa luso kuphika, Russian mfumu anati choyambirira kununkhira mbatata zipatso. Monga mu Russia chakudya chokoma ichi sinali anaganiza kupita kwawo thumba la mbatata. Choncho mbiri ya mbatata mu Russia anayamba.

Nthaka wakuda, komanso mkulu nthaka acidity chikhalidwe chatsopano bwino kugwidwa. Komabe, anthu wamba adakali kuyang'anitsitsa osamala pa masamba lodabwitsa ili, chifukwa chifukwa umbuli wa njira yolondola ya kukonzekera nthawi zina zambiri za poyizoni. Bwanji Mng'oma kuti kufalitsidwa kwa mbatata kuika pamlingo waukulu? Peter ndinali munthu wanzeru ndipo anapeza kuti n'zotheka kuchita. M'minda angapo anakwiriridwa tubers, ndi lotsatira anaika alonda, amene anatumikira pa tsiku, koma anapita ku minda usiku. Unachititsa chidwi chachikulu pakati pa anthu wamba yosavuta, ndipo anayamba usiku pamene palibe amene akumuona podvorovyvat atsopano masamba ndi zomera minda yawo. Komabe, ubiquitous pamene "earthy apulo" komabe ntchito. Panali ambiri amene "anakwanitsa" unazokotedwa zipatso zake. Choncho "kwambiri apulo" anthu ambiri wamba anakana kukula. Ndi mochuluka monga 50-60 zaka chozizwitsa masamba aiwala mu Russia.

Monga mbatata anadziwika

Kenako Catherine II unachita chachikulu kuti mbatata chakhala ambiri amavomereza. Komabe, kutsogolera chachikulu kufala kwa mbewu muzu anakhala njala imene inachitika 1860s lapansi. Zinali ndiye, ndipo anakumbukira zonse, kuposa kale adzasiyidwa ndipo anadabwa kupeza kuti mbatata ali kukoma kwambiri ndi thanzi kwambiri. Pamene mawu ukupita, "padzakhala mdalitso yodzibisa."

Ameneyo ndi chidwi nkhani ya mbatata mu Russia. Choncho, pa nthawi, mbatata tubers zitsulo zomera dziko. Anthu ndinazindikira zothandiza mmene masamba izi katundu, makamaka pa nthawi ya mbewu zoipa yokolola. Amaona yachiwiri mkate mbatata chifukwa ndi okwanira mu m'chipinda chapansi m'matangadza wake, wina akhoza moyo ngakhale mu nthawi zovuta. Chifukwa cha calorie amanena kuti ndi wothandiza ndipo lero chinthu kaye m'munda - ndi tubers mbatata.

N'chifukwa mbatata ndi wotchuka mu Russia

Popeza nthawi ya Peter Ine kamodzi anthu amve za mankhwala ndi zakudya mtengo wa muzu ndi thupi la munthu. Komabe, mbiri ya mbatata zikusonyeza kuti muli zinthu ofunika kupulumuka mu nthawi ya njala, matenda, ndi mavuto. Kodi ndi chofunika komanso zothandiza masamba mwachizolowezi muzu? Iwo likukhalira kuti mapuloteni ake ali pafupi kwa amino zidulo zonse zimene ife tingakhoze kukomana mu zakudya zomera. magalamu mazana atatu masamba izi yokwanira ponseponse tsiku la potaziyamu phosphorous, ndi chakudya. Mbatata, makamaka mwatsopano, vitamini C ndi CHIKWANGWANI. Komanso, mulinso zinthu zina zofunika pa moyo, monga chitsulo, nthaka, manganese, ayodini, sodium, ndipo ngakhale calcium. Ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri munali ndendende mu zikopa mbatata, lomwe masiku ano musadye. Komabe, mu nthawi ya njala, anthu wamba musanyalanyaze ndi kudya mbatata lonse, wophikidwa kapena yophika.

Kulima limodzi zosiyanasiyana mbatata ndipo zotsatira zake

Monga taphunzira, mbatata adzabadwira - America South. Pali alimi anachita zinthu mwanzeru, kufalitsa mizu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Motero, ndi yekhayo ena a iwo adziwa matenda - mochedwa choipitsa mafangasi. Choncho, ngakhale mitundu ngati anasowa, izo sizikanakhala zikuphatikizapo masoka zoipazi, monga Ireland. Mfundo yakuti mu chikhalidwe pali mitundu ya chikhalidwe chomwecho, kuteteza anthu ku mtundu uwu mavuto. Komabe, ngati zipatso kukula kokha mtundu umodzi, lingachititse chakuti pa nthawi ina anali mu Ireland. Komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala omwe makamaka kusokoneza m'zinthu zachilengedwe ndi malo wonse.

The yopindulitsa kwambiri kukula mtundu umodzi wokha wa mbatata

Zikatero, kuphatikizapo mu Russia, limalimbikitsa alimi kukula imodzi yokha makamaka zosiyanasiyana mbatata? Kwenikweni amakhudza marketability ndi zinthu zachuma. Motero, alimi kubetcherana pa view wokongola wa zipatso, motero kuti ankafuna wamkulu mwa ogula. Zikamera wa chikhalidwe muyezo akhoza zimachitika chakuti makamaka mbatata zosiyanasiyana zimabweretsa m'madera ena zokolola apamwamba kuposa ena. Komabe, monga ife tikudziwira, njira zimenezi n'cholinga ndi imafika mavuto aakulu.

Colorado mbatata kachilomboka - mdani waukulu wamaluwa Russian

Great kuvulaza mbewu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo. bwino kudziwika kwa aliyense nyakulima kapena mlimi mtundu umodzi wa tsamba kachilomboka - ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1859, anatulukira mmene mavuto ambiri kuswana mbatata akhoza kubweretsa tizilombo. Ndipo mu 1900s oyambirira, kachilomboka ndiyenera Europe. Pamene wabweretsedwa kuno mwangozi, mwamsanga atayamba Africa lonse, kuphatikizapo Russia. Chifukwa cha kukana ake mankhwala, amene ntchito kulimbana izo, cholakwika ndi pafupifupi mdani chachikulu cha zonse nyakulima. Choncho, kuthetsa chiwopsezo ichi, kuwonjezera mankhwala, tinayamba ntchito miyambo ya zaulimi. Ndipo tsopano mu Russia chilimwe chilichonse wokhala amene akufuna kudya amamwa mbatatesi zokazinga kapena anaphika mu makala amoto, choyamba ndi timudziwe bwino njira yosavuta kulimbana tizilombo izi.