Zamkatimu m'mbiri ya matawuni akuluakulu a ndale a Russia. Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu - likulu la ndale la Russia

Limodzi mwa mavuto chofunika kwambiri kuphunzira mbiri Russian akale ndiwo mutu wa "The madera aakulu ndale wa Russia." Mwachidule, nkhaniyi azilankhula mwa kupenda maonekedwe a m'madera zazikulu zimene anatuluka kugwa kwa gawo kamodzi United boma.

Njira ya mapangidwe ukulu mu kumpoto

Likulu la ndale la Russia pa nthawi zakuthupi - ndicho dziko Rostov-Suzdal. Ndi apa kuti anapanga yaikulu ya ulimi komanso ulimi, umene pambuyo pake wafunsira lopinda m'dera la phata la boma tsogolo logwirizana. M'mayiko amenewa kwa mtsinje waukulu wa anthu pofunafuna m'mayiko ena, m'mayiko msipu. Mbali khalidwe la malowa ndi mbali ya mphamvu Kalonga kumanga mizinda, m'malinga, kuchotsa msipu, dera lokhala, kudula mitengo.

Yotsirizira anatsogolera chakuti pano pa uja ali wamphamvu kalonga mphamvu tikhale chitsutso boyar ndipo anagonjetsa anthu wamba chifuniro chawo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti North-East m'dziko inakhala maziko a mapangidwe wogwirizana boma Russian. Ndi mozungulira derali anayamba Association korona minda, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa maziko a centralized mtundu boma.

ubwino wa m'mphepete

Likulu la ndale la Russia chinapangidwa ndi kumanga midzi watsopano, umene unakhala likulu la fiefdoms watsopano. Monga tanena ndi initiators chilengedwe chonse anali akalonga. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Yuri Dolgoruky, dzina amagwirizana woyamba wolembedwa kutchulidwa kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Yogwira m'tauni chitukuko cha akalonga kumpoto, miyeso awo amphamvu kukopa anthu pano achita ntchito zawo.

Pambuyo Kiev wataya tanthauzo lake ndipo anasiya Ndipotu kukhala likulu la dziko Russian, madera a kumpoto kwa osefukira anthu amene anali kufunafuna m'nkhalango izi chitetezo ku wongosamukasamuka, ndi Kalonga ndewu, kuwononga mizinda ndi midzi. Tsogolo wamkulu pakati andale a Russia anali ndi yabwino malo Hrs, chifukwa chidafundidwa ndi wongosamukasamuka ndi Chitata nkhalango kuwoloka. Komanso malowa ali zachonde, amene anali wabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ulimi. Anthu a m'mudzimo anatentha mitengo ndi phulusa manyowa nthaka, zomwe zinathandiza kuti chitukuko cha m'mayiko olimapo, komanso zosiyanasiyana zamanja.

Mfundo Zina zinachitikira

Likulu la ndale la Russia mu zaka 12-13 kupangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Yuriya Dolgorukogo. kalonga uyu anatsogolera yogwira nkhondo yachilendo, chifukwa cha zimene iye anali wokhoza kugwila ngakhale womwe kale unali likulu la dziko Russian ndi chomera pali anthu mtsogoleri. mwana wa Solomo, Andrew Bogolyubskii potsiriza anagonjetsa boyars Kalonga mphamvu. Izi anakonzeratu monarchical boma m'dera limeneli. Ngakhale kufooka zosakhalitsa mphamvu ya kalonga, m'malo ake anatha kupitiriza malamulo a bambo wake ndi agogo ndi kukwaniritsa ulamuliro mtheradi. Choncho, dera lino anakhala phata la kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian m'nthawi yotsatira.

mizinda nkhondo

Kuphunzira mbiri akale Russian kwambiri apuma pa kusanthula nkhaniyi "Waukulu ndale malo Russia." Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu zino ali ndi udindo waukulu, chifukwa ofotokoza anapanga umodzi mtundu boma. Koma uyu anali yoyamba nthawi yaitali nkhondo pakati wakale ndi watsopano mizinda ya Rostov ndi Vladimir. Choyamba kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe ndi udindo waukulu, monga anali mwini wake wa kachirombo pakampanipo. Komabe, posachedwapa pa siteji ya mbiri unali mzinda watsopano wa Vladimir, wolamulira ndi mosiyana ndi malingaliro akale yekha wolamulira wamkulu wa mayiko kumpoto kum'mawa. Choncho, likulu la ndale la Russia ankawathandiza kugwirizanitsa maiko onse.

dziko zina

Kuwonjezera pa Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu pali mbali zina zomwe samanena kuti kukhala unifier m'dziko. Ambiri, panali maukulu ambiri palokha kuli Ndipotu, koma atatu okha a iwo ankatha kuti awuke kuti kusiya amaonekera pa kukumbukira dziko. Ndi chitukuko, ndipo ndi mutu waukulu kumvetsa zimene zili pa nthawi zogwirizana mbiri ya Russia. Waukulu malo a ndale a Russia kuwonjezera m'dera mwambali akuphatikizapo dziko la Novgorod ndi wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu.

Novgorod

The peculiarity Woyamba anali kuti lidatsirizika ulamuliro lordly, ndiponso kalonga ankaona mphamvu mwadzina. Last anali ngati asilikali ndipo ena ntchito zaboma. Iye sanali mutu ndale ndipo sanatenge gawo mu moyo malamulo a mzinda. M'malomwake, anatenga nsonga za Boyar ulamuliro ngakhale kutulutsa kalonga osafunika a Novgorod. Choncho pali mu yoona mtundu Republican a boma - chodabwitsa kuti umakhulupilira wapadera Zapakati.

chuma mzindawo

China chapadera cha malowa anali kuti anali olemera ndipo anagona malonda ndi mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. amalonda Novgorod anali maudindo awo mu limati kumpoto, ndi mu mzinda ankachititsanso amalonda yachilendo malonda awo. Komabe, ulimi anali underdeveloped m'dziko Novgorod, omwe unali kudalira katundu yambewu otchedwa malo grassroots. Komabe, Novgorod boyar Republic naye mkulu m'tawuni chikhalidwe.

Wotchedwa Galicia-Volhynia

Dera limeneli lili kumpoto chakumadzulo Russia. Kumbali ndale, kunali mtanda pakati pa awiri malo tatchulawa: izo wogawana mphamvu anagawanika pakati kalonga ndi boyars. Nthawi, aliyense wa asilikali awa ndale kufunga Komabe, monga ulamuliro, anati bwino wachibale awiriwa. Komabe, yolimbirana ulamuliro zinachititsa kuti kusiyana achiwawa pakati pa olamulira ndi anthu apamwamba mafuko, zomwe nthawi anafuna kupambana malo anataya.

China khalidwe la dera - ndi phukusi zonse anansi European Western ku zochitika mkati mwa dziko. Koma wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu anali kutali mlingo Khan ndi choncho, si kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi kuukira wa Chitata. Kukhala pa periphery wa dziko Russian, m'dera kukhala ndi ufulu wina, koma pa nthawi yomweyo inafika mchikakamizo cha Kumadzulo.

Table pa mbiriyakale ya "The madera aakulu andale a Russia" umaonetsa mbali tatchulawa.