The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, "Opaleshoni Edelweiss"

Pamene zinadziwika kuti "Blitzkrieg" (mphezi nkhondo dongosolo pa East Front anakomoka) ndipo adzakhala nkhondo yaitali, Hitler anali anadzipatsa ntchito mphamvu Wehrmacht kumana Asovieti mwayi kubwezeretsanso m'matangadza mafuta likuvutika minda Caucasus mafuta mu June 1942. Choncho, Germany anayesa magazi mphamvu mpweya ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za Red Army. Anachita mu chimango cha pulogalamu imeneyi anali adani a Caucasus ali kachidindo dzina lake "Opaleshoni Edelweiss". Mwachidule za kwambiri ntchito imeneyi ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani Anazi sadathe kumaliza, ukauzidwa m'nkhani ino.

Zolinga za lamulo German

Pofuna kukwaniritsa kuika ntchito Mtsogoleri, Army Gulu "A" walunjika General Field polimbana Wilhelm Leaf, anali, anyalanyaza kumadzulo Caucasus lokwera ndi wogonjetsa Novorossiisk kuponya pa Tuapse, ndi pakatikati pa dera lalikulu mafuta. Pa nthawi yomweyo kugwila Grozny ndi Baku kum'mawa kwa lokwera zinasuntha Army Gulu "B", ndi zina molamulidwa ndi Field polimbana - Fedor Von Bock.

Ngakhale pamaso nagonjetsa anayamba mu Germany ndi cholinga cha ntchito m'minda Caucasus makampani mafuta awiri unakhazikitsidwa, analandira ufulu yekha kwa nthawi ya zaka 99. Komanso, High Lamulo anali atalamulidwa kuti asiye onse mabomba a m'madera chidwi kwa makampani German. Chitetezo cha zinthu zonse anagwidwa ndi Germany poyamba mlandu asilikali SS ndipo anasiya magawo mdani wa Don Cossacks ya General Krasnov.

Popeza ntchito "Edelweiss" anali umalimbana njira ya ntchito zofunika kwambiri njira, ndiye kuphedwa ake ankhondo lingamutsatire anatumizidwa, zikuphatikizapo 168 zikwi. Asilikali ndi akapitawo a Wehrmacht ndi oposa 1.5 zikwi. Akasinja. Komanso, pamodzi ndi ankhondo pa Caucasus anatumizidwa kuti akatswiri Mafuta 14 chikwi..

Division Highland Fusiliers

Popeza "Edelweiss" - ntchito ya usilikali, zomwe kunachitidwa m'dera la Caucasus mapiri, ndiye kukhazikitsa yake ndi moyo wa Germany anayesa amapeza mwayi pazipita ku mbali zachilengedwe derali. Kukhala nazo ake Mountain Division, n'zochititsatu anthu a m'dziko la m'mapiri a kum'mwera Bavaria, komanso sportsmen-okwera, lamulo wapatsa izo mbali yofunika ntchito ntchito ankafuna.

Mayunitsi kuimira imeneyi, mwa njira, amatchedwa "Edelweiss", analamulidwa, kuswa m'dera anakhalabe mosadziteteza Elbrus phiri wapita, anagunda kumbuyo mayunitsi Union amene anayesa kuletsa pasadakhale Army Gulu "A". Choncho kuzemba mwaluso anafuna Red kuyambitsa mantha mosayembekezereka ndipo potero kuchitapo kanthu.

Swastika pa Elbrus

Kuti akonze kusintha a magulu waukulu Wehrmacht ndi likuoneka, 5 Mountain Division pakamwa, omwe unali ndi anthu mpaka 90, anasamukira patsogolo, nayima pa lokwererapo, anakumba. Pali iwe iwo anaika mfuti makina ndi mfuti phiri. Kuukitsa makhalidwe a anthu ogwira mayunitsi, amene mphamvu ntchito "Edelweiss" zinachitikadi, lamulo German analamulidwa kulikonse pa mfundo pamwamba pa akonzedwa, Nazi mbendera.

kuti izi zinachitikadi kuchokera pedantry mwangwiro German, ndi kale August 21 ndi mbendera swastika uku akukupiza nkono pa nsonga kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa phiri la Elbrus. Ngakhale kuti zimenezi watenga kwambiri khama ndiponso anachititsa akuchedwa njira ya opaleshoni, iye anali opindulitsa kwambiri mabodza, kupereka chifukwa kupitiriza Goebbels kuika patsamba loyamba m'manyuzipepala, kulengeza kuchokera pano pa German mbendera ntchentche pamwamba pa chimbuzi cha Europe.

Pamwamba pa mkulu Mountain magulu General Hubert Lanz anatumizidwa ku Berlin filimu kanema, kuwombera mwapadera anafika pa nthawiyi, ntchito, ndipo sanadikire kuti Sinthani dzina la Elbrus pachimake kumuyitana Hitler.

kampani akamuuze

Monga akatswiri a mbiri asilikali, Tinadabwa kwambiri ndi uthenga wa lamulo Soviet kuti Germany anakhoza kukwera pafupifupi kufikako phiri otsetsereka, ndi kuwonjezera, kudzakhala pa nsonga ya mfundo mfuti.

Bids lamulo tinkauzidwa kuti yomweyo kuwachotsa. Komabe, kukhazikitsa anali yekha unit mopupuluma kupangidwa, n'zochititsatu kale apakavalo Budyonny, amene sadziwa za nkhondo osati m'madera a mapiri, koma ambiri, ngakhale wapansi, komanso tylovikov, ambiri amene si kusungidwa mikono manja.

Izi wagawo mopupuluma anapanga sikuti anali chiwerengero chake boma koma ngakhale mndandanda wa mayina a asilikali. Lamulo anali tasked mwangwiro wamba - hairdresser dzulo akazi Grigoryants, opangidwa atatsala pang'ono mkulu wa.

Mwadzidzidzi,

Ndipo komabe iwo anayenera kumenya nkhondo ndi mivi kusankha magawano "Edelweiss". Opaleshoni 1942 mumpanda Caucasus pachimake pa chiyambi cha September, pamene Grigoryants wagawo pansi usiku ndi chifunga, kotero kawirikawiri pa nthawi ino ya chaka, anakonzeka kutalika kwa phiri pochitika Terskol. Ntchito yawo inali mwadzidzidzi pomenyana mdani, kumupanga iye abwerere kwa maudindo kale azigwira.

Atamaliza mbali yoyamba ya ndondomekoyi, ndi kuuka kwa chizindikiro anakonzeratu asilikali Red Army anali mu mkhalidwe yovuta. Pamene m'mawa chifunga anakweza, iwo, kukhala pa phiri lotseguka pang'ono m'munsi Germany kuimira ndi chandamale abwino oponya mivi phiri. asilikali kutumiza pa utumiki, lamulo sakhala ngakhale kuonetsetsa kubisa zobvala zao, ndi malaya awo mdima bwino anaima ndi chipale chofewa.

Zimphona achisanu otsetsereka

Kusanthula za mmene zinthu ziliri, olemba mbiri asilikali kuti linagwirizana kuti afike pomvetsetsa kuti wolimba mkulu Grigoryants osati anali ndi mwayi osati kuti tichepetse Germany ku malo awo pano, koma ngakhale kukhala ndi moyo. Zikuoneka amamvedwa okha Red Army, koma anachita Komabe, akatswiri weniweni.

zilembo anasunga wa asilikali German - mamembala a opareshoni, imene iwo kulankhula za mmene anadabwa ndi zimene anayang'ana pa linatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, koma osati kupereka asilikali, kwenikweni nkhondo iliyonse mita achisanu otsetsereka. Kunali kosatheka kuti akunyoza Ndi imfa yokha anasiya wolimba. Ndi mtima anakonzeratu awo sikunachitekepo tsogolo kugwa wotuluka "Edelweiss".

Kumapeto kwa September 1942 ndi dongosolo la lamulo Soviet pa Elbrus anali anatumiza gulu lapadera, imene inali asilikali kwathunthu cha ophunzitsidwa mwapadera. Izi zinaphatikizapo alonda NKVD amene mokwanira zofunika, ndi okwera akatswiri. Komabe, ngakhale ndi thandizo lawo sakanakhoza ufulu m'dera lamapiri ku Germany.

Kugwa kwa "Opaleshoni Edelweiss"

Komabe, pa nthawiyi nkhondoyo inali kuyandikira zikuluzikulu zinasintha, chifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa mphamvu German pa Stalingrad. Ndipo ngakhale pa nthawi magawano Paulo adakali anapitiriza kukana, zinaonekeratu kuti zotsatira za nkhondo zosachita mapeto.

Monga mu nkhani ya kugonjetsedwa German pa Stalingrad Mountain Division ndi amatipeza atazunguliridwa asilikali Wehrmacht anapereka kuti achire ake kuchokera m'dera la Caucasus. Choncho, opaleshoni "Edelweiss" bwinobwino anapezerapo ndi kulimbikitsa ambiri Goebbels Utumiki anatembenuka kulephera.

ngwazi akamuuze ndi ungwazi awo

Ndi zomvetsa chisoni, koma pafupifupi munthu mmodzi wochokera womwalirayo mayunitsi ngwazi anapangidwa kuchokera tylovikov ndi budonovtsev kale sichinayambe atamwalira asankha chifukwa mphoto, ndipo paliponse kukumbukira iwo anaimika zipilala. Komanso, anakhalabe osadziwika ngakhale kuti mayina a m'nkhaniyi, monga mopupuluma anasonkhana kampani, ngati tatchulazi, sikuti anali ndi manambala ankhondo, koma ngakhale mndandanda wa anthu a pa.

Komabe, mtengo wa anthu awa ndi yaikulu kwambiri, chifukwa okha zikomo mtima awo anatha kugwiritsa Elbrus asilikali German ndi kuwalola iwo, anyalanyaza ndi Caucasus, anagunda kumbuyo kwa asilikali Soviet, kukana nkhondo ya German Army "A" ndi "B". ft anali wa zochititsa asilikali ambili ungwazi mayina Soviet kuti lonse Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anali kupereka.

"Opaleshoni Edelweiss", anaima ndi kuyendetsedwa ndi dziko la Germany malinga ndi malamulo a luso asilikali, anakumana kukaniza anthu kulimbikira kupitirira mphamvu leni la umunthu, ndipo amene chigonjetso zosatheka.

Kukumbukira zaka nkhondo

Masiku ano, chipilala yokha ya zochitika pali mabwinja Elbrus ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri mu hotelo ya Soviet Union (4130 meters pamwamba pa nyanja), kamodzi amatchedwa "Mthunzi khumi" ndi kutentha pansi mu 1998. Pa nthawi imene ntchito wochititsidwa ndi dziko la Germany "Edelweiss" (Bob) m'menemo headquarter Mountain Division Vermahta.

Chifukwa cha kampani amunamuna a mkulu Grigoryants ndi chintchito awo a anthu onse ali wamng'ono kwambiri kudziwa, kusiyana anaganiza kudzaza Opanga filimuyi Russian. Mu 2012, atsogoleri Ruslan Bozhko Igorem Malahovym ndi zopelekedwa "Opaleshoni" Edelweiss "inajambulidwa. Last chinsinsi. " Opanga filimuyi anachita ntchito zazikulu, kuphunzira zipangizo kusungidwa mu miyala ya zoweta ndi achilendo.

Chifukwa kupanga filimu anayamba kuwonekera mu atolankhani zoti m'masiku awa kumapiri a Elbrus okwera ayamba anayamba kupeza anasunga mu ayezi akhala asilikali Soviet. Chifukwa, monga nduna zambiri, mu malo a zochita kwambiri asilikali si ikuchitika (lamulo Soviet sanali kuganiza za miscalculations awo), funso linauka: chenicheni chimene chinachitika kumeneko pa nkhondo? Popeza ayamba kudziŵa ungwazi wa asilikali, amene opaleshoni anakhumudwitsidwa ndi "Edelweiss" ndi kuika chitsekerezo mu njira ya Nazi ku mafuta Caucasus.