The phukusi la Bank wa Central. kuwombola okhonda alowererepo: tanthauzo, limagwirira

Lero, ndi lamulo anakwanitsa kusinthitsa ndalama ya ndalama national m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi, umene boma mabanki chapakati ku zikunena ndalama otchedwa, wokometsedwa kwa mtengo winawake wa ndalama m'banja. Pambuyo potulutsa mlingo wa ndalama national tiwolokere momasuka, ndipo mukhoza kupeza mavuto chuma. Kodi ndalama phukusi la Bank ku Central, ndi mmene ikuchitika - izi ndi zofunika kuti tizindikire mwatsatanetsatane.

KUFOTOKOZERA mfundo alowererepo

Ndalama alowererepo amatchedwa munthu wolemera ndikupeleka kapena kugulitsa ndalama zakunja latsopano la Russia ikuchitika ndi Bank of Russia. Voliyumu ya kuwombola yachilendo watsala zambiri aakulu. cholinga chawo ndi kulamulira mlingo wa ndalama Amalawi zofuna za boma. Kwenikweni, zimenezi ndi akuyendera pofuna kulimbitsa ndalama dziko, koma nthawi zina mukhoza kutumiza komanso kufooka kwake.

ntchito amenewa amatha zochita kwambiri onse pa msika kuwombola yachilendo wonse, ndipo m'kupita kwa unit ndalama. Ndalama zikunena ali kuyamba ndi Bank ku Central ndi mokulira, iwo ndi njira yaikulu wochita mfundo ndalama. Komanso, ndi lamulo la ndalama asapita, makamaka pankhani mayiko lachitatu dziko, amapezeka molumikizana ndi anthu ena IMF. Nawo zinthu zimenezi anakopeka mabanki ndi Zachuma, ndi mwai akutsatiridwa ndalama osati kokha, komanso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, golidi makamaka. Ndalama phukusi la Bank ku Central ikuchitika yekha mwa dongosolo isanafike ndi ikuchitika enieni, anakonzeratu timeframe.

Zimagwirira chifukwa chofunsa ndi kutsitsa ndalama national

Ndipotu, limagwirira cha lamulo la ndalama fuko ndi yosavuta, ndipo inamangidwa pa mfundo ya "okwanira ndi kufunika". Ngati ndi kotheka, kuwonjezera mtengo wa ndalama m'banja la Bank chapakati cha dziko akuyamba mwachangu kugulitsa banknotes yachilendo (makamaka US dola), akhoza ina mpandadenga ndalama nthawi yomweyo ntchito. Choncho, alowererepo Bank a ku Central kumabweretsa muyeso (kuchuluka kotunga) cha ndalama zakunja mu msika chuma. Pa nthawi yomweyo Bank ku Central akugula mpaka ndalama mayiko, amene amapanga kufunika zina pakuti, amene anapanga Inde akhoza kukula ngakhale mofulumira.

Mwachindunji popenyana ndi kumulondolera ndalama phukusi la Bank ku Central, umalimbana ndi chifooke ndalama mayiko, amene ayamba kugulitsa, osalola kuti kukula mtengo. Purchase wa banknotes yachilendo zimabweretsa kusowa yokumba mu msika zoweta.

Mitundu ya zikunena ndalama

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti si nthawi zonse phukusi Bank a ku Central kumaphatikizapo kugula ndi kugulitsa wambirimbiri ndalama, pamene ndondomeko fictitious akhoza kuchitika nthawi, limatchedwa mawu. Zikatero, Bank ku Central tiyeni ena mphekesera kapena "bakha", chifukwa cha zimene zikuchitika ku ndalama msika akhoza kusintha kwambiri. Nthawi zina alowererepo fictitious ntchito kumapangitsanso zotsatira za phukusi la ndalama. Komanso, nthawi zambiri mabanki angapo akhoza kuphatikiza khama lawo kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira akufuna zimenezo.

Mchitidwe limasonyeza kuti wapakamwa thandizo la ku Central Banks ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri kuposa weniweni. A ntchito yaikulu Zikatero, mchitidwe anadabwa masewero. Mulimonsemo, ndi phukusi la Bank ku Central, umalimbana kulimbitsa azimuth alipo mu ndalama msika, amakhala bwino kuposa mpheto, cholinga cha zomwe ndi kutembenukira mu zosiyana.

Ndalama alowererepo pa Chitsanzo Japan

Nkhani kudziwika milandu mpheto misa ya ndalama msika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2011, chifukwa mavuto mu US ndi EU chuma, Japan anafunika kusintha mlingo wa ndalama ya dziko, ndi maulamuliro anakakamizika kuchepetsa izo. mtumiki zachuma Japan ananena kuti nkhambakamwa mu ndalama msika zinachititsa kuti overvaluation wa yen ndi ndalama zakunja ndi mkhalidwe umenewu si zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha chuma. Kenako, anaganiza kusintha Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ya yen, pamodzi ndi Bank ku Central wa West, umene Japan wapanga angapo wotuluka lalikulu pa kugula ndalama zakunja. The oyamba a ndalama msika yen zankhaninkhani, vutoli mlingo wake ndi 2%, ndipo moyenera chuma.

Ntchito popezera mpata ku Russia

A chitsanzo chapadera cha ntchito popezera mpata ndalama Russia zingaoneke kuyambira 1995. Nthawi imeneyi Bank ku Central anagulitsa ndalama zakunja kwa lamulo ruble, ndi July 1995, mfundo ya kusinthitsa ndalama gulu kunachitika mogwirizana ndi zimene mtengo wa ndalama national ayenera anakhalabe Malire Kwalamulidwa ndi kwa nyengo zina za nthawi. Komabe, kusintha kwa zachuma padziko lonse ndi 2008 apanga chitsanzo ichi mfundo ndalama osamveka, ndiyeno anayambitsa wapawiri ndalama kulowera. Pankhaniyi, mlingo kuwombola zinali ndi malamulo pa maziko a ubale wake ndi dola ndi yuro. Mwanjira, chapakati banki kuwombola yachilendo alowererepo ikuchitika zotsatirazi ili mfundo ndalama.

Events 2014-2015, motsogoleredwa ndi kuchulukana kwa Bank Central, Russia zikunena ndalama Choncho, otsiriza a mwai wake musataye zotsatira ankafuna. Kugwa mu mitengo mafuta, kuchepetsa kuipa mu nkhokwe ya Bank ku Central ndi kulakwika bajeti Kenako kuwombola yachilendo alowererepo zopanda chilungamo komanso wopanda phindu.

chosinthika mlingo zina

Lero, Russia ndi kwambiri amadalira wolowa hydrocarbon, amene kumathandiza kukula kwa ndalama dziko. Choncho, ngati popezera mpata ndalama, ngati kuti zikutsutsana Bank ku Central, amene msika ndi mwadongosolo kuikidwa dola ndi yuro n'kofunika kokha chuma dziko. Komabe, mu zochitika posachedwapa, pamene phukusi la Bank ku Central idaleka kulimbikitsa kulamulira mtengo wa ndalama dziko, tinganene kuti yoyandama mlingo kuwombola yagwiridwira kuchokera November 10, 2014. Tsopano kuwombola yachilendo alowererepo ikuchitika pokha pokha yapadera.

Mwina, mu nkhani iyi, ndi zochuluka yankho la funso loti, kodi Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama za phukusi Bank wa Central, kotero mozamirapo kupita intricacies wa zida ndalama adzakhala kwambiri.