Ancient Greece - m'dziko la chodabwitsa. chikhalidwe Chake kwambiri kuyambira zatenganso mbali yaikulu mu chitukuko cha chitukuko dziko. M'nthano njira yoganizira chibadidwe anthu a nthawi imeneyo, anabereka chipembedzo imene ambiri intricately zapiringizana achikunja, zikhulupiriro totem, kulambira makolo ndiponso zochita za maganizo a mitundu ina, Agiriki akale kwambiri. "The Odyssey" ndi "Iliad", ntchito ya Hesiod akachisi ambiri, ziboliboli milungu, zithunzi - izi ndi magwero yomwe tingaphunzire zambiri zokhudza Hellas kwambiri.
Chithunzi cha dziko ndi chikumbumtima
Pa mtima ndi maganizo m'nthano ya Agiriki akale ndi chikhalidwe chawo bodza ziphunzitso za mlengalenga wina dziko moyo. Mu sayansi iyi akutchedwa zamoyo cosmologism wanzeru. Chilengedwe ndi mapulaneti, nyenyezi, magulu ndi dziko lapansi lenilenilo ndi zinthu zonse, anaiona moyo, ndi nzeru ndiponso zili wauzimu. Malamulo ndi mphamvu za chilengedwe munthu Agiriki mu zifanizo za milungu wakale - atumiki awo akulu ndi ang'ono, ndi athandizi, ngwazi ndi Titans. Dziko lonse ndi chirichonse chimene chimachitika mu izo Agiriki amaona lalikulu chinsinsi, ngati sewerolo, ankasewera pa siteji ya zithunzi moyo. Zisudzo mmenemo akhale anthu okha, ndi mulungu likuziwongolera. milungu sanali kutali kwambiri kwa anthu. Iwo anakumbutsa awo maonekedwe, zizolowezi, makhalidwe, zizolowezi. Chifukwa Agiriki akale akhoza ndikutsutsa kuti asamvere ndi kupambana! ufulu ife sanapezeke ku zipembedzo zina.
gulu Mulungu
Oyambirira milungu wakale Greek, makamaka mulungu Hade, umanena ndi wamba zipembedzo a m'mayiko a ku Ulaya zinalili mu masiku amenewo. Akatswiri apeza kufanana ambiri pakati pa Indian Mwachitsanzo, ndi okhala chawo cha kumwamba. Pamene nthano ndi chipembedzo anayamba yokhotakhota zonse mosamala kwambiri maganizo a anthu, gulu Greek ladzala ndi latsopano "anyantchoche". Iwo anali ngwazi za nthano. Choncho, wosazindikira achikunja cosmogony anagwirizana ndi yachipembedzo Patapita nthawi. Ndipo kwambiri Olympus, lomwe tikudziwa pa ntchito za luso, ndi onse okhala chinapangidwa osati nthawi imodzi.
m'badwo wa milungu
Mu gulu wakale wa milungu kusiyanitsa mibadwo achinyamata ndi akuluakulu. Zakale amanena Chisokonezo - mdima ndi nyansi, limene anabadwa ena. Mwa chipwirikiticho anaumba dziko lapansi - umunthu wake Mulungu Agiriki wotchedwa Gaia. mulungu wa usiku - palibe wina - chikuoneka likutchulidwa kusintha kwa nthawi ya tsiku. Wachisoni Tatalasi anakhala yosonyeza mawu "phompho". Kenako, kuyambira cholengedwa lanthano, adzakhala malo a mdima wopandamalire, amene amatsogozedwa ndi mulungu Hade. Anabadwa kuchokera chisokonezeko ndi Eros - chimake cha chikondi. M'badwo wachiwiri kwa mphamvu apamwamba Ahelene ndi ana a Gaia ndi Kronos titaniyamu. Iwo anali Uranus - wolamulira wa mlengalenga, Ponto - mbuye wa zonse za mkati nyanja, mulungu Hade - mwiniwake wa kumidima ndi Zeu, Poseidon, Hypnos ndi zina Olympians ambiri. Aliyense ali mwini "dera la kukopa", ndi ubale wapadera ndi mnzake, komanso ndi anthu.
maina a mulungu
Mulungu Hade ali ndi mayina omwe. Agiriki wotchedwa monga Hade, ndipo mu nthano za Chiroma iye akudziwika ngati Pluto - chachikulu, olumala, wakuda, oopsa, oopsa. Ndipo potsiriza, Polidegmon (kwa "pole" - kwambiri, "degmon" - nyumba), mwachitsanzo, "mulu wa nyumba", "kulandira kwambiri" ... Kodi inu mukutanthauza akale? Only chakuti Chigiriki mulungu Hade anatsogolera Ufumu wa akufa. Mu "chigawocho" wake ali miyoyo onse amene achoka dziko lino. Ndicho chifukwa iye wagwira, "ambiri" ndi nthawi zina pamene munthu akhoza kubwerera. A tanthauzo la "kwambiri zimatenga, wolandira wa mphatso" amagwirizana ndi anthu ena amanena: aliyense asanasamukire ku nyumba zawo zatsopano, kupereka msonkho kwa chonyamulira Charon. Komanso akulamulira mulungu Greek Hade. Chotero, awo ndalama kuti kupereka moyo ankawoloka Styx, lowa chuma cha wolamulira wa Ufumu wa akufa. Chifukwa, ndi njira, ndipo unali mwambo ku Greece: kuzikwirira akufa ndi "zopereka".
Hade mu Hade
Chifukwa Hade - mulungu wa akufa? Bwanji kuti lakumwamba anasankha ngati malo wachisoni? Cronus, oopa mpikisano, wakutha za ana ake. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, tsoka chomwecho anachitika Aida. Akatswiri ena a Kale, makolo ankhanza napereka mwana wawo mu phompho la Tatalasi. Pamene milungu yaing'ono ponyozera akulu, panabuka mkangano ankhanza pakati pawo. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri anali nkhondo, koma Zeus, Poseidon ndi ana a Kronos anapambana chigonjetso yaitali. Ndiye iwo anamasula akaidi unagonjetsedwa bambo ake ndipo anaikidwa iye, Titans ndi Cyclopes kumalo akaidi posachedwapa, ndipo dziko lonse lagawidwa "muzochitika za chikoka". chifukwa cha Zeus - Ambuye wa kumwamba ndi magulu onse apamwamba, Hade - mulungu wa kumidima, lomwe limatchedwanso. Poseidon kutenga dzanja mbali zonse za madzi. abale anaganiza kuti ayang'anire pamodzi, popanda nkhondo ndi wopanda kuvulaza wina ndi mzake.
ufumu wa akufa
Kodi likuimira malo akufa, amene amatsogozedwa ndi wakale mulungu Greek Hade? Pamene munthu ali kunena tiwonana moyo, izo imatumizidwa Heme - mtumiki nsapato mapiko. Amapita moyo kwa kugombe la malire a Mtsinje Styx, lomwe limasiyanitsa dziko la amuna a dziko la mithunzi, ndipo transmits iwo Charon - ndi ferryman, kupulumutsa akuvutika awo kumidima. Wothandizira Charon - Cerberus, galu-chilombo ndi mitu itatu ndi njoka m'malo kolala ndi. Iye amaona kuti palibe munthu anasiya kusamba ndi sanabwerere ku dziko lapansi. Pa otsika, akutali a Aida lagona Tatalasi, pamene khomo lili mobisa chitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, mu "ufumu wamdima Hade" konse afika cheza cha dzuwa. Pali wozingwa, ozizira, osungulumwa. Miyoyo ya asamayendeyende akufa mwa izo, ndi kudzaza danga ndi analitcha Wailing mokweza, kulira, ndi kuusa moyo. Mavuto poipa mantha awo misonkhano ndi mizukwa ndi mizukwa akamubisalire mu mdima. Chifukwa kudana malo chisoni anthu!
mphamvu
ndi zizindikiro zimasiyanitsa mulungu Hade N'chiyani? Iye amakhala pakati pa m'holo yaikulu ya nyumba pa mpando wapamwamba wa golide woyenga bwino. Nearby ndi mkazi - nthawi zachisoni, wokongola Persephone. Malinga ndi nthano, wachifumu wapanga Herme - mulungu wa blacksmithing, woyang'anira lokhudza, mmisiri. Akuzinga Hade mokwiya waukulu ERIN - yaikazi kubwezera, kuzunzika chinsinsi ndi mavuto. Palibe kubisala kwa iwo, aliyense mosavuta kuzunzidwa nadzawaphetsa! Popeza Hade - mulungu wa nthaka (chithunzi zithunzi wakale inu mukuona m'nkhani ino) akufa, nthawi zambiri amasonyezedwa ndi mutu chammbuyo. Izi amisiri mbali Osema anatsindika kuti sichitsata aliyense diso, iwo ndi milungu kanthu, akufa. khalidwe lina singasiyanitsidwe ndi Hade - Matsenga zisoti. Izo zimapangitsa wovalayo yosaoneka. zida zodabwitsa anapereka mulungu cyclops, pamene napulumutsa iwo ku Tatalasi. Mulungu konse limapezeka popanda chida chake wamphamvu zonse - bidentate mafoloko. ndodo yake chokongoletsedwa ndi chithunzi cha atatu mutu galu. Mulungu wakwera galeta, amene itagwiritsidwa wakuda okha monga usiku, mahatchi. Amafotokozera za mulungu wa akufa, kumene lapansi, phulusa, natenga thupi laumunthu mu matumbo ake. A maluwa kufanizira Aida - tulips zakutchire. Agiriki akale adadza naye nsembe ng'ombe wakuda.
anamuperekeza
Koma kubwerera ku mbiri yoopsa Maapatimenti Aida. Kupatula ERIN naye pafupi nthawi zonse zovuta, wosalekeza woweruza, dzina Radamanf ndi Minos. Kufa pasadakhale tinthunthumirebe, chifukwa ndikudziwa kuti aliyense wa kulakwa kwawo wosalungama, tchimo lirilonse adzatengedwa Nkhani ya chosawonongeka Aida bwalo, ndipo palibe mapemphero sati apulumutsidwe ku chilango. Yaikulu wakuda mapiko, ofanana ndi a mileme chilengedwe wapereka, chimodzimodzi mtundu odula ndi lupanga lakuthwa - kotero zikuwoneka ngati zambiri wokhala m'modzi wa Hade - Thanatos, mulungu wa imfa. Iwo timagawo kutali moyo wake mfuti ulusi ndi mlimi zosavuta, ndiponso mtumiki wopanda mphamvu, ndi mfumu yamphamvu, mwini chuma zosawerengeka. Asanafe onse ngofanana - izi ndi tanthauzo nthanthi ya chithunzichi lanthano. Hypnos, mulungu wa maloto kwambiri, wokongola mnyamata, pafupi kwambiri. Iye - ndi amapasa Thanatos, kotero amatumiza maloto zina zolemera, chakuya, zimene iwo amati, "ndi imfa." Ndipo, ndithudi, mulungu wamkazi Hecate, dzina kwambiri zimapangitsa anthu kunjenjemera.
Nthano
Mofanana ndi milungu ina, Hade mulungu kugwirizana ndi nthano zambiri ndi nthano. Wotchuka - a Persephone, mwana wa Zeu, ndi mulungu wa dziko lapansi ndi kubereka - Demeter. nkhani wokongola kwambiri wa Orpheus ndi Eurydice. Sad nthano za mtsikana wina dzina lake timbewu tonunkhira, amene anali ndi matsoka ngati Aida, chimene chinapangitsa kuukira kwa mkwiyo ndi nsanje pa Persephone. Chifukwa, ife tikhoza kumwa tiyi ndi udzu onunkhira, chimenenso, mtsikana natembenukira wamkazi! Inde, m'munda kwambiri timbewu. More tiyenera kukumbukira mawu otchuka a ntchito Sisyphean, amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi Hade.