Kapangidwe maselo ndi thupi katundu

Mu chikhalidwe maatomu ambiri kulibe mu mawonekedwe adzamangidwa kupanga osakaniza wapadera, wotchedwa mamolekyulu. Komabe, mipweya inert, kulungamitsa dzina lake, kupanga mayunitsi monatomic. The maselo Kapangidwe ka nkhani zimatanthauza covalent kumangigwa. Koma pali komanso otchedwa salembedwa ankachita ofooka pakati pa ma atomu. Mamolekyulu kungakhale yaikulu lopangidwa ndi ma atomu mamiliyoni ambiri. Kodi pali zovuta dongosolo maselo? Zitsanzo - ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu organic, monga mapulotini DNA quaternary dongosolo.

popanda mankhwala

Covalent maunyolo amene akugwira maatomu pamodzi, ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Koma ndi thupi katundu wa zinthu zimadalira, iwo amadalira Van der mphamvu Waals ndi maunyolo a hydrogen, yomwe zimachitika pakati pa nyumba pafupi ndi makombo a wina ndi mzake. Kapangidwe maselo a madzi, mpweya kapena zinthu olimba legkoplavyaschihsya limafotokoza mkhalidwe loitanirana, zimene timaona pa kutentha zina. Kusintha mkhalidwe wa nkhaniyi, chabe kutenthetsa kapena ozizira. nsinga Covalent si wosweka.

Malire a ndondomeko chiyambi

Kodi mkulu kapena otsika mfundo adzakhala gasification ndi kusungunuka? Izo zimatengera mphamvu ya ankachita intermolecular. nsinga wa hydrogen mu thunthu kuchuluka kutentha amasintha boma akaphatikiza. Ikuluikulu molekyulu, m'pamenenso awo Van der Waals ankachita, zimakhalanso zovuta kuti olimba madzi kapena madzi mpweya.

amoniya Features

Ambiri mwa mankhwala odziwika si madzi sungunuka konse. Ndipo iwo amene kupasuka, kucheza, nthawi zambiri mapangidwe kumangidwa wa hydrogen latsopano. Mwachitsanzo - ammonia. Iye ali wokhoza kuswa zomangira wa hydrogen pakati mamolekyulu madzi ndi bwino kumanga zawo. Mu yomweyi, ndi ion kuwombola anachita, koma zilibe kumathandiza yaikulu pa nchito yanyumba ammonia. Kwenikweni amoniya adzasala nsinga wa hydrogen ndi ndondomeko imeneyi. Zimene ali yemweyo malangizo onse, ndondomeko mwina, pansi kutentha zina ndi kuthamanga zambiri kukhala mu mgwirizano. zinthu zina sungunuka, monga Mowa ndi shuga, komanso mwangwiro zogwirizana m'ma madzi kudzera mwa ankachita intermolecular.

zinthu zina

Solubility mu zakumwa organic amaperekedwa ndi kupanga Van der Waals kumangigwa. mogwirizana Yoyenera zosungunulira Choncho anawonongedwa. Solute mamolekyulu kumumanga pofuna kupanga osakaniza homogeneous maonekedwe. njira zambiri yofunika tapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti katundu awa zinthu organic.

Toku - palibe

N'chifukwa chiyani ambiri mwa mankhwala Kodi makhalidwe magetsi? Kapangidwe maselo salola! Ndi kayendedwe munthawi yomweyo kufunika panopa ambiri ma elekitironi, mtundu wa "zaulimi" wa iwo. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika ku zitsulo, osakhala zitsulo koma pafupifupi konse zimachitika. M'malire mwa kulemekeza katundu ndi zipangizo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi kukhala madutsidwe amadalira chilengedwe.

A kwambiri njira zambiri thupi mosavuta anafotokoza, ngati pali nkhani kapangidwe maselo a thunthu. limati akaphatikiza ali bwinobwino ndi sayansi amakono.