Tizirombo ndi matenda a marrows masamba

Ngakhale chikhalidwe kwambiri wodzichepetsa amafuna chithandizo, ndipo wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa kuchita khama kukula zokoma. Kwambiri vuto cottagers kupulumutsa matenda zukini, ndipo ngakhale tizirombo mliri. Kuti tithane nawo, mdani ayenera kudziwa munthu, ndiye. E. Kodi kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane kuti akhoza kusokoneza zomera ndi mmene nkhondo izo.

Zimayambitsa matenda

Gwero la matenda zambiri, bowa ndi tizilombo tina. Pamene iwo ali mu nthaka, mbewu adzavutika chaka ndi chaka. Infection amakhudza cucurbits onse, ndi chopweteka kwambiri a iwo - zukini. Matenda a masamba, zipatso ndi mbali zina za zomera zimenezi zikuchitika, nthawi zambiri mu nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula.

Kumathandiza kuti chitukuko matenda zifukwa zingapo: .. mwadzidzidzi amasintha usiku ndi usana kutentha, kusowa kufufuza zinthu, amaika kapena M'malo mwake, osakwanira wetting wa nthaka, kuthirira madzi ozizira kwambiri, etc. muyeso wabwino njira ndi yake feteleza kugwilizana ndi mlingo kukhalabe chinyezi chofunika, ulamuliro udzu. Mu kutentha chatsekedwa kuletsa amalangiza ntchito jiki njira kupanga disinfection. Muyenera yomweyo anatani zizindikiro akutulukira wa zukini aliyense matenda ndi mankhwala kuyamba mwamsanga.

anthracnose

Kwa izo zowawa ziwalo zonse pansi kwa mbewu. matenda izi zikuyamba ndi mapangidwe ambiri adzakhale pa masamba achikasu-bulauni mawanga, amene chokwawa padziko zipatso ndi zimayambira kumene tikhale oblong. M'kupita kwa nthawi, malo a m'madera okhudzidwa zikuchulukirachulukira, iwo amaoneka mucoid zolengeza. Masamba kufota chifukwa, ndi chipatso kufota, kukhala kulawa zowawa ndi kuvunda. Zizindikiro za anthracnose pa gawo woyambira kwa mbewu - chizindikiro bwino kuti zomera akamwalira. Imathandiza kuti chitukuko cha matenda, chinyezi owonjezera ndi kuthirira nthawi yotentha ya tsiku.

Anthracosis zambiri zimakhudza mbeu zolimidwa ku greenhouses ndi greenhouses, ngakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chilichonse matenda sikwashi lotseguka munda (ndi chithunzi chomera matenda limeneli lili pansipa) okhumudwa kwambiri. Infection limapezeka mu nyengo lonse kukula.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhoza angapitirize zomera akudwala nthawi yaitali, yozizira pa sikelo yake. ulamuliro Infection yafupika kusankha mosamala mbande ndi mankhwala mbewu. Komanso, zonse matenda zomera pambuyo mankhwala ndi kutentha ayenera kuchotsedwa yomweyo. Zimathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda Bordeaux osakaniza kapena colloid sulfure.

woyera zowola

Limafotokoza ndi zimayambira, masamba zomera wandiweyani pachimake woyera. Izi fruiting matupi a bowa sclerotia, ndilo wothandizila causative wa zukini matenda (poyera ndi chatsekedwa pansi akuona bowa mofanana bwino). Kuonongeka chomera minofu kumafeŵetsa, masamba kufota ndi zipatso kuwasandutsa misa pasty. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi nyengo yozizira ndi onyowa, makamaka ngati ankafika kwambiri unakhuthala. Kuti atengeke izo squashes pa fruiting. Infection mwangwiro anasunga mu nthaka ndi zotsalira za zomera kuonongeka. Kuipitsidwa angayambe njira zosiyana kwambiri - kudzera otaya mpweya, kuwononga makina pa kukonza.

Lichotse zowola oyera okha kwathunthu kuwononga mbali kachilombo ka mbewu, prisypaya odulidwa makala akusisita kapena theka mfundo yankho la sulphate mkuwa. Imathandiza kupewa matenda yake kuyeretsa namsongole, ntchito madzi ofunda ulimi wothirira, foliar feteleza kupanga sulphate mkuwa, nthaka sulphate ndi urea pa mlingo wa 2 G 1 g ndi 10 ga, motero, pa malita 10 a madzi. Zina mwa tsinde, amene atawona zizindikiro za kuonekera kwa woyera zowola yekha, mukhoza misozi ndi chidutswa cha ubweya thonje ndi kuwaza ndi choko ufa kapena makala.

nkhungu imvi

Kawirikawiri akupezeka mazira wamng'ono, ndiye kudutsa pa masamba. Mbali anakhudzidwa zomera kukhala madzi, anasintha wokutidwa ndi kukhudza wa imvi. Pansi filimu zambiri amavutika ku zukini izi yoola. Matenda mu zakutchire ponseponse zambiri kokha pa mvula kapena nyengo yozizira.

Tizilomboto botrytis ndi limene limafotokoza za matenda. Iye akhoza angapitirize dothi kwa zaka ziwiri. Zimathandiza kuti kufala kwa matenda ndi tizilombo kunyamula bowa spores kwa mbewu wina ndi mzake.

Chenjeza imvi zowola, monga matenda onse zukini, akhoza kuona malamulo a kasinthasintha mbewu kuwononga namsongole yake, ndi kupanga kudya kutero. Anapeza mbewu anakhudzidwa n'kuwasanganiza ndi akufota masamba ayenera kuchotsedwa yomweyo.

muzu zowola

Nthawi zambiri matenda akupezeka pansi kutetezedwa. Akuwonetseredwa mu chakuti mizu kuyamba mdima, nkhondoyo pang'onopang'ono akutembenukira zofiirira ndi tsinde. M'munsi masamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi kufota. Muzu zowola ambiri atengeke zomera wofooka. M'mikhalidwe chowawa, ali zambiri zinkakhala parasitic bowa. Zimathandiza kuti matenda kubzala molawirira kwambiri, kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira ulimi wothirira, chinyezi owonjezera m'nthaka. Izi ndi zina zowola - zambiri zokhudza matenda zukini. polimbana iwo ikuchitika pafupi zofanana ndi kugwilizana ndi luso ulimi, disinfection wa nthaka, kukhalabe ena mnyontho nthaka.

powdery cinoni

matenda oyamba amakhudza masamba a chomera. Iwo anapanga lotayirira imvi mawanga zolengeza, umene posachedwapa ophatikizidwa, ndi kuphimba zimayambira. Izi ndi sporulation wa bowa, ndilo nthumwi causative matendawa. Iye akuswa ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, timadya zakudya, imbaenda zokolola kuchepetsa. Anapanga kleystokarpii amatha kupatsira zomera mu nyengo yotsatira. bowa kwathunthu apulumuke yozizira, kuthera pa zatsalira udzu. Kuchokera tsiku la matenda ndi pamaso zizindikiro choyamba cha matenda, pamafunika za 3-4 masiku.

Ambiri amadwala sikwashi powdery cinoni, pamene pali kusinthasintha lakuthwa mu chinyezi, ndi owonjezera feteleza nitrogenous, osakwanira kuthirira.

Pewani matenda zingakhale, ngati Kupalira yake, pambuyo yokolola kuchotsa zonse zinyalala zomera ndi nthaka kukumba kwambiri. Poyamba chizindikiro cha kugonjetsedwa ndi bowa ayenera kusonyezedwa mbewu ndi aliyense wa mankhwala zotsatirazi:

• Colloidal sulfure - kuchokera 40 mpaka 100 ga sulfarida malita 10 a madzi processing mu greenhouses.
• Gray pansi.
• "Izofenom" (kwa greenhouses - 60 ga pa 10 malita a madzi).
• Kulowetsedwa wa mullein. Kudakonzedweratu motere: 1 makilogalamu a manyowa kuthira madzi (3 L) ndi kusiya adzapatsa kwa masiku 3. Yankho amalisefa ndi kuchepetsedwa isanafike mankhwala ndi madzi (1: 3).
• Wamaluwa limagwiritsa ntchito ochiritsira potaziyamu permanganate kutsitsi - 1.5 ga permanganate potaziyamu malita 10 a madzi.

peronosporosis

Sikwashi matenda atengeke pa msinkhu uliwonse. Poyamba, zidutswa za mawanga zozungulira kuoneka chikasu wobiriwira mtundu, amene pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira bulauni. Posakhalitsa anayamba adzauma ndi kutha. Sporulation mbali ili mbali m'munsi mwa pepala ndipo ndi chibakuwa ❖ kuyanika. Matendawa akufotokozera mu nthawi anakula lolemera, chifunga, pamene chinyezi ndi makamaka mkulu. Tizilomboto kuti kupulumuka m'nthaka kwa zaka zingapo.

Kuthana ndi matenda mwina mankhwala kapena okwana m'malo nthaka. Imodzi mwa miyeso njira ndi asamafalitse kaŵirikaŵiri wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.

Askohitoz

Nthumwi causative amakhudza masamba ndi mitengo ya mbewuzo. Poyamba, iwo anapanga mawanga grayish, umene posachedwapa yokutidwa ndi madontho akuda. Infection akuyamba monga ulamuliro, ndi masamba m'munsi kupeza zochepa pa dziko lonse, ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimatsatira pamwamba. N'zochititsa chidwi anakhudzidwa yobzalira zukini ku matenda woopsa. Zipatso ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo opulumutsidwa pang'ono - akutsogoleredwa ndi bowa, iwo mwamsanga youma ndi kutembenukira wakuda. Zimayambitsa matenda ndi kutentha zambiri kwambiri, chinyezi mkulu ndipo kwambiri thickening landings.

Tayani nthenda mafangasi ndi kotheka, kuchotsa kuthirira kwambiri, osati chosafunikira kutaya yake ya zomera kachilombo. Small foci akukwana ufa choko ufa wothira sulphate mkuwa pa chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. muyeso Izi kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda.

nkhungu wakuda

Pa masamba a mawanga yaing'ono dzimbiri Tingaone poyamba, zomwe pamapeto pake kuwasandutsa patina mdima. Izi ndi bowa spores. Pang'onopang'ono lamina pansi Dries banga ndi silimba, kupanga iye akuwonekera dzenje. Mabasi chitukuko cha zipatso. Tayani izi zukini matenda akhoza kwathunthu kuyaka zomera kachilombo.

mufuna Fusarium

The bowa nthaka tizilomboto amene likulowerera dongosolo muzu, zomera kukula muli. Chifukwa ndi tsinde zowola pa maziko a. Masamba yokutidwa ndi mawanga, mbewu kufota ndi kufa ndi kuswa. Kuthana ndi vuto kokha wathunthu m'malo dothi. Ndi cholinga pofuna mosamalitsa kusunga malamulo a sayansi ulimi m'njira yake kupha udzu m'deralo.

bacteriosis

Isanayambike matenda yodziwika ndi maonekedwe pa cotyledons ndi woona masamba zilonda bulauni. Pa zipatso iwo kudzali (chabe kukula ndi mtundu bulauni), zikubweretsa kupindika awo. Bacteriosis kungapitirire kwa nthawi yaitali pa zatsalira zomera ndi mbewu. Umayamba patsogolo mofulumira kusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi kwambiri. Kufala kwa matenda amathandiza kuti tizilombo, m'malovu madzi ndi tinthu zomera matenda. mokhudzika anakhudzidwa yobzalira zukini ku matenda. Kuyankha kwa izo chofunika monga mankhwala a mbewu ndi nthaka sulphate. Iwo anayikidwa mu njira 0,02% tsiku, ndiye pang'ono zouma. Chipinda poyamba chizindikiro cha bacteriosis ankachitira Bordeaux osakaniza (10 ga sulphate mkuwa ndi laimu) ndi prophylactic - oxychloride zamkuwa.

matenda tizilombo

Nthawi zambiri amadwala zukini ndi nkhaka zithunzi dzungu. Pamene izi zimakhudza makamaka masamba.

Nkhaka zithunzi chidawoneka yaing'ono lachikasu wobiriwira mawanga. Patapita kanthawi masamba litapotanitsidwa, ndi hillocks anapanga pakati mitsempha. Chomera kukula kubweza pansi, ndipo pafupifupi musati kudzipereka. Amene amaika matenda ndi namsongole osatha - mizu ya HIV awo bwino kulekerera yozizira. Ndi mbewu sangakhoze opatsirana. Pachifukwa ichi, ndeu yonse inali chiwonongeko cha namsongole.

Pamene zithunzi masamba dzungu amagwiritsidwa yokutidwa ndi mawanga woyamba kuwala wobiriwira. Koma ndiye malekezero a mitsempha kukhala otchuka pa m'mbali, mwachitsanzo. A. The kukula kwa tsamba tsamba ndi zikuchepa mochedwa. Thupi lake zina ukutsika kuchokera kwathunthu. HIV kuchititsa matenda opatsirana mwa mbewu. Iye amatha angakhale kwa zaka zingapo iwo. Pamaso kubzala, Ndi bwino Kumalimbikitsa mbewu pa kutentha 50-60 ⁰S kwa masiku atatu.

tizilombo

Osati matenda zukini (lotseguka kumunda), polimbana chimene chimafuna khama, kubweretsa ambiri wamaluwa vuto. Makoswe kazinji kene asadya nthangala wireworms ndi crickets Mole zowawa mphukira. Komabe, ambiri kuwonongeka umagwiritsidwa ntchito tizilombo.

aphis gossypii

mphutsi ake m'nyengo yozizira chomera zinyalala ndi mawonekedwe kasupe njuchi lonse. Iwo wachulukitsa mofulumira kwambiri, kupereka ana maulendo 20 pa nyengo. Wopita ku nsabwe ndi mapiko, ndipo iye, pokhala amasamukira msanga, woyamwa chakudya timadziti zukini, kuwononga masamba ndi zimayambira. Mbali anakhudzidwa zomera pang'onopang'ono kuotcha ndi opunduka. Ngati ife kuganizira zimene matenda sikwashi aphid chimachititsanso mwakamodzi msasa n'zoonekeratu kuti polimbana chiyenera kuchitidwa kwambiri. Kupewa nkhondo ya tizilombo kumathandiza chiwonongeko cha zatsalira mbewu yonse yokolola ndi mosamala kukumba dothi. Pa kudziwika nsabwe tichotse amathandiza kulowetsedwa wa wamtali owawa tsabola. Kudakonzedweratu motere: Sakanizani tsabola, triturated (30 g), sopo madzi (1 tbsp ..) Ndipo phulusa (3 tbsp ..). The osakaniza chifukwa anali kuchepetsedwa malita 10 a madzi Anaphatikizanso masana, ndipo kenako pambuyo zosefera chitani kupopera zomera wodzala. Good thandizo ndi decoctions ndi infusions wa masamba mbatata, anyezi peel, fodya.

kangaude mite

tizilombo Awa ndi ang'ono kwambiri (osati lalikulu kuposa 0.4 mm) zingachititse kuwonongeratu mbewu. Iwo yolowera chomera mwamsanga pamene masiku ofunda akubwera, anayikidwa pa underside wa masamba achinyamata ndi kudya kuyamwa selo. Pali ndi kuikira mazira kumene mphutsi kutuluka mu sabata. Kuonongeka masamba yokutidwa madontho kuwala, ndiye amapeza nsangalabwi zoonera ndiponso kupukuta.

polimbana ndi tizilombo izi ikuyaka zatsalira zomera zonse pambuyo zokolola ndipo kwambiri kukumba wa nthaka. Pamene kupeza mite pubs kupopera akhoza kuchita mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka ogwira kulowetsedwa wa anyezi peel. Theka wodzazidwa ndowa yake odzazidwa pamwamba ndi madzi otentha ndi kunena maola 24. Ndiye osasankhidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero 1: 2. Ntchito kupopera ndi akupanga masamba mbatata, datura wamba. Kuti njira anali Pamilunguyo pamwamba pa pepala, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera sopo pang'ono.

whitefly

Zikuoneka ambiri chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, yothetsa kumbali pansi pa masamba ndi anasiya muli mu mawonekedwe a yomata excretions zotsekemera. Zimakhala malo kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nkhungu wamwaye, imbaenda ku Kuuma wa mbewu. Matenda ambiri sikwashi zakutchire (ndi zithunzi zosonyeza zomera matenda, mudzakhala ndi mwayi kuti awone nkhani iyi) kufalitsa tizilombo izi.

Whiteflies akhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi, mosamala kumasula nthaka pambuyo. Nthawi zina muyenera amachita kupopera tizilombo "Commander". Chithandizo ikuchitika pambuyo zokolola.

Kwa nyengo tiyenera penyani mwatcheru zimene tizirombo ndi matenda akufuna zomera sikwashi. miyeso panthawi yake anatengedwa kudzakuthandizani kukhalabe zoyenera ndi kukolola bwino.