Mbatata "Chofiira": malongosoledwe a Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakambirana wamaluwa

Alimi amakakamizidwa ntchito m'madera a ulimi chiopsezo, amafuna mitundu wapadera wa "mkate yachiwiri". Zofunika ndi losavuta: oyambirira kukhwima, matenda ndi kukana tizilombo zokolola, kukoma. Kudzera polakwitsalakwitsa, osiyanasiyana umafuna kupereka angapo mitundu imene amasonkhana magawo awa. Pakati pawo ndi imodzi mwa malo ŵa ali mbatata "Chofiira." Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana, ndemanga opanga lalikulu ndi mabwana ntchito payekha akusonyeza kuti chidwi kwambiri mankhwala transatlantic kuchita zomwe.

Dzina lolondola mitundu red-khungu - "Red Chofiira» (Red Scarlett). Iye anakhala ambiri pambuyo 2000, m'gulu la State Register ya la Russia. Nkhawa kwambiri anali ulemu wake kulima mu zigawo chapakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia. Nthawi yochepa, pomwe zinthu kutentha abwino kukula kwa mbatata, anakakamizika kugula mbewu za mitundu oyambirira kufamuwa ndi sing'anga.

zotsatira zabwino analandira wamaluwa amene ayesa pa ziwembu zawo za 'Chofiira' mbatata mitundu. Kodi onse kudzitama pyakusowa Dutch mitundu? Osati nthawi zonse osati zonse. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: agronomists sagwiritsa ntchito njira woyambitsa kulima mbatata. Dothi onse ali ndi dongosolo lotayirira, osati minda onse akhoza kusunga bwino madzi pa kukula tuber. Osati nthawi zonse kupirira mtunda analimbikitsa pakati pa mizere pamene chodzala mitundu Dutch. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala ozama kudzera pamwamba pa, mwamphamvu umakhudza zotsatira.

Mbatata "Chofiira": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana za

obereketsa Izi mbatata anachokera Holland. Izi oyambirira kukhwima zosiyanasiyana tebulo kopita. Chitsamba aumbike undersized. Zomera chilili ndi masamba obiriwira kukula sing'anga ndi otsika waviness a m'mbali. Maluwa maluwa pafupifupi. Pamakhala kuponyedwa pabuka kapena violet mitundu, nthawizina pali zigawo wofiirira. maluwa White ayenera sanalembedwepo pa mundawu. Chomera kukula kwambiri. Mu zinthu zabwino anapanga chitsamba wandiweyani.

Pamafunika kubzala ochepa mbatata. Kalasi "Red Chofiira" mitundu tubers mofulumira, kuika zambiri tubers impso. Zikuyembekezeka zokolola - mpaka makilogalamu 400 pa 0.1 ha.

Kufotokozera tubers

Tuber peel ofiira kapena mdima pinki. Fomu chowulungika, elongated n'kuwaka. Maso ang'onoang'ono ndi osaya. Thupi pa kagawo ka mtundu wachikasu. Izi mbatata (zosiyanasiyana: "Mkonzi Chofiira") ndi yosamalika mu ozizira youma. Mkulu wowuma okhutira imapereka kukoma wabwino wa tubers. Iwo chizindikiro awo zokongoletsa maonekedwe. Kuyambira 80 96% ya tubers ali ndi kukula mulingo woyenera kugulitsa zokolola okwana mitundu mbatata (80-150 g). mankhwala kugonjetsedwa ndi kayendedwe.

Mbale tubers yophika zofewa pang'ono. Chifukwa wowuma okhutira (16% mwa kulemera) Mtundu wa mbale yomalizidwa ndi zonona chikasu.

Mbatata "Mkonzi Chofiira": makhalidwe

Mu Netherlands anabweretsa rozovokory anamaliza-chowulungika "Mkonzi Chofiira" kwa m'banda ndi mkulu zokolola. kukula Vegetative ikutha pasanathe masiku 75. Bzalani chimapirira yochepa chilala. Izo wakonda bwino mankhwala nthaka, kubzala ochepa. "Red Chofiira" anakhalabe pa yosungirako yaitali mitundu 98% mankhwala khalidwe.

Mbatata (kulongosola khalidwe la mtundu umenewu ngati tebulo) ndi abwino ngakhale processing mafakitale. Kapangidwe ka thupi tuber angapulumutse mawonekedwe. Chips ndi batala analandira crispy, musati kuyamwa kwambiri mafuta. Tubers sasintha mtundu pamene umakaniko owonongeka kulekerera kusamba.

Features mitundu

Kugonjetsedwa:

- golide mbatata chotupa nematode;

- mochedwa choipitsa kwa masamba ndi zikhawo;

- ndi causative wothandizila khansa;

- HIV PVYn.

A pang'ono pokha kugonjetsedwa:

- mbatata nkhanambo;

- Alternaria (mankhwala otetezera amachepetsa chiopsezo, ngati mukhala pa chiyambi cha maluwa).

makhalidwe poyerekeza

Mu State Register mitundu 'Chofiira' anapanga mu 2000 kuti ku Central (№3) dera. Iye bwinobwino mayeso, anali akulimbikitsidwa kuswana m'madera ena Akuluakulu a ku Russia. Iwo №2 zigawo (North-West), №4 (Volga-Vyatka), №10 (Western Siberia). Kumadera kumene m'chilimwe lalifupi, oyambirira kukolola kuthetsa vuto chakudya.

kusanthula anasonyeza kuti zokolola za sukulu chofunika, "zabwino", "Zhukovsky oyambirira" anagwetsa ndi chizindikiro chomwecho lolingana "Chofiira" maonekedwe. Mbatata muli ndemanga zabwino ngati woyendetsa malo zokolola zinali pamwamba makilogalamu 22 / ha. Pa zokolola pa masiku 45 pambuyo mphukira zonse "Chofiira" mbatata patsogolo "Zhukovsky oyambirira '24 m'ma / ha. mlingo wake unali 84 makilogalamu / ha. Pa tsiku 55 kusiyana anakwana makilogalamu 45 / ha. Kuyesa kunachitidwa m'dera Moscow. "Chofiira" dera Smolensk kupeza mitundu asonyeza. Mbatata, Kuwulura amene amakopeka alimi, anasonyeza zokolola pa mlingo wa "Isora" muyeso wa makilogalamu 270 / ha.

Ubwino kalasi

Akhudza a "Chofiira" mbatata kwa mitundu ena oyambirira otchedwa tubers kukana lagolide mbatata chotupa nematode. The Latin dzina la tiziromboti kwa - Globodera rostochiensis. Mtundu wa manyumba ogona nematode ndi amakhudza zomera zonse za banja nightshade, amene ali a tomato, mbatata, biringanya.

nematodes oopsa kakang'ono m'dera umwini m'nyumba - kumene n'zovuta kutsatira mbewu kasinthasintha ndi yopuma 5-chaka. zomera matenda mwamsanga kufota, kutembenukira wachikasu, tubers kukhala bwino, ndipo chiwerengero chawo ndi kochepa. 80% ya mbewu akhoza kutayika ngati mbatata mwachizolowezi kubzala kumalo uku patatha zaka 2. Ngati dziko mbatata pambuyo mamembala ena a Solanaceae, zokolola zawo adzamva kwambiri yafupika. kukana kuti tiziromboti zimaonetsera mbatata "Chofiira." Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi, amakambirana opanga mbatata akutitsimikizira izi. Izi chimasiyanitsa izo kwa mitundu ina. chikopa chake wandiweyani si amakopeka nematodes kuti amapulumutsa mbewu.

mbatata Dutch: mbali ya chisamaliro

Mbatata mitundu, zabweretsa ku Holland, anasonyeza mbali yake yabwino pa chiyambi cha kulima. Kenako chidwi iwo wathetsedwa kwambiri. alimi Reviews ayamba zolemba zimene sizikuyenda bwino munali. Kukayika adanyamuka chitetezo cha mitundu ya sioneka Phytophthora, ndi zokolola. Osati allocated pa mndandanda ndi mbatata "Chofiira." Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi, amakambirana Dutch Mlengi akulonjeza azikolola zinthu zochuluka chifukwa asanazolowere choipitsa mochedwa. Komabe, zinali zonse pansipa, matenda kupweteka zomera zambiri. Akuti zosiyanasiyana likunyonyotsoka. Wa kasinthasintha mbewu, adayamba kuchokapo.

Holland - Dziko ndi miyambo okhazikika bwino za kulima mbewu monga mbatata. Mosamalitsa malamulo apadera kulima, analimbikitsa onse kuti abwereze zinachitikira monga momwe akanathera. The zigawo zitatu za kupambana: lotayirira, kusasintha dothi, mpweya amatha kupulumutsa mizu ya zomera, okwanira chinyezi nthawi ya kuika tubers, mwayi pazipita kuwala kwa umatheka ndi mizu.

Dziwani ndi kukupezani

Pangani zinthu kupanga mitundu zingamuthandize Dutch osati banja lililonse ankatha. Sandstones kapena acidic peat dziko, wandiweyani dothi dongo Musapereke mafunso. A chizolowezi zaka! Kumbukirani "lalikulu-limodzi"? The ankafika mwachizolowezi 60 × 60 sanapereke mpweya, kuwala mizu. Pamene oyambirira mitundu m'lifupi mzere katayanitsidwe akutengedwa wofanana 80 masentimita kubzala akuya mbatata mbewu si upambana 4 cm, ndi zitunda ndi kupangidwa pa msinkhu wa masentimita 25, zokolola ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Kuyambira Dutch kupirira namsongole ntchito zimapangidwira. Low mlingo wa matenda - chifukwa chaukali dongosolo processing. Kusinthana okhwima katundu wapadera ndi 6-limodzi mbatata m'madera processing kusunga mbewu ku matenda. Popanda kutsatira zinthu izi, "Chofiira" mbatata, mu maganizo a alimi athu, "kunyamula" Phytophthora msanga, ndi kulimbana wapadera monga si akumuona.

zakuthupi kubzala

chithandizo chapadera chofunika kwa yokonza mbewu. Kubzala Mkhalidwe kukula mbewu poyera pafupipafupi dekhetsa. Aliyense mita 30 lalikulu anabzala ndi zitsamba. Kupeza chifukwa amenewa anasankhidwa kuchokera tubers utakula anthu amene anadzuka mabowo osachepera asanu. kubzala Kukula tuber makamaka ndi 3-5 cm. Amalamulira mosamalitsa chiyero kalasi. Ngati malo anu sakugwirizana mtundu wa zosiyanasiyana mbatata, mfundo ya chitsamba cha m'dera nalo. Ngati zomera wosakwatiwa, Vulani mtundu, malo ndi abwino a kukumba, kuchotsa ku gulu kulamulira. Mutu amafuna pamwamba, khalidwe la zinthu kubzala kukwaniritsa ntchito osankhika.

Sungani yokolola thandizo mankhwala umodzi wa tubers ndi matenda HIV. Ziyenera kuchitika pamaso kubzala.

Nthawi yokolola

zosiyanasiyana m'banda amafuna njira udindo kwa nthawi yokolola, amafukula mbewu katundu. Iwo ali chikhalidwe ndi mbatata "Chofiira." Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi, alimi kupereka ndemanga amayeretsedwa kale kwambiri kuposa masiku. Kumapeto kwa August kapena September oyambirira ndi munda kuchotsedwa mbatata tebulo. Mbewu yabwino nyengo mu July - oyambirira August.

Nsonga kuchotsedwa masiku 10 chiyambi cha kukolola. Izi imathandizira pa yakucha, chisindikizo peel mbatata. osalimba a khungu kutumikira monga chitetezo ku zotheka mawotchi kuwonongeka pa kukolola ndi kusunga kusanjika.

Pambuyo Mbatata kubzala rye, mpiru. Good chaka chimodzi kupereka m'munda ndi lupine. zikhalidwe izi idzam'patsa ndikutisambitsa pansi tsogolo la mbewu mbatata. Kudzala Solanaceae taphunzira ndi kufesa nyemba. Only malangizo onse, mukhoza kuzindikira ubwino wa mitundu Dutch.