Tsatanetsatane wachidule cha St. Basil's Cathedral: kupanga

Dziko lalikulu lirilonse liri ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza momwe zilili, mzimu wa dziko, lingaliro lomwe limagwirizanitsa anthu kukhala anthu amodzi. Russia ili ndi zithunzi zambiri zokhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokhacho. Koma pa Red Square pali kachisi amene amaimira zambiri zotchedwa Russian weniweni: mbiriyakale yakale, kumene kuli kuwala ndi mdima, ndikumvetsetsa kodabwitsa komwe kumakhala kowala kwambiri. Kuyika izi zonse mwachidule za Katolika ku St. Basil Wodalitsika, zolemba zapadera siziyenera kutero, zokwanira kukumbukira nthano ndi nthano zomwe nkhani yake yodzaza.

Vow's Vow

Ivan The Terrible sikutanthauza kuti "wosonkhanitsa" wa dziko la Russia - pamodzi ndi iye kuzungulira Moscow anayamba kupanga mphamvu yayikulu yotsogoleredwa ndi wolamulira wodalirika. Kazan Khanate - otsala a Golden Horde - kwa nthawi yayitali sanavomereze kukula kwa Moscow Russia kummawa, ndipo Wolamulira wa Orthodox analumbira kuti amange kachisi pakati pa likulu la dzikoli ngati agonjetsa Kazan. Iyo inakhala Katolika ya St. Basil Wodala, mbiri yake yomwe inayamba mu 1555.

Pamsonkhanowu, asilikali a ku Russia anagonjetsa Tatars ofunika, koma olemekezeka a ku Tatar. Pokumbukira iwo pafupi ndi Kremlin, mfumu inalamula kukhazikitsa mipingo yopatulira oyera mtima, ikumakumbukira m'masiku apambanowa. Choncho panali nyumba zingapo zooneka ngati chipilala chomwe chinali pamphepete mwa mtsinje wa Kremlin. Mipingo isanu ndi itatu yosiyana ikuzungulira mpingo waukulu woperekedwa kwa Chitetezero cha Amayi a Mulungu (m'masiku a tchuthi la tchalitchi kotsiriza kwa Kazan kunachitika) - ndizo zomangamanga za St. Basil's Cathedral. Zomwe zikulembedwazi zikugwirizana ndi Metropolitan ya Moscow Makarii, omwe adakhudza kwambiri tsar.

Nthano Yomangamanga

Ponena za omwe anakhazikitsa bwino "chisanu chachisanu ndi chitatu", palibe chidziwitso chenichenicho, zokhazokha ndi nthano zatsala. Amakhulupirira kuti Pskov ambuye Barma ndi Postnik Yakovlev anapemphedwa kuti asamange nyumba zamatabwa kukhala miyala. Mayinawa akuphatikizidwa m'mafotokozedwe ovomerezeka a St. Basil's Cathedral. Zomwe zinalembedwa kuti ndi munthu mmodzi - Poster Yakovlev, wotchulidwa dzina lakuti Barma, - imayanjananso ndi mbiri komanso imawoneka ngati yovomerezeka. Kumeneko Barma anatchulidwa kuti ndi womanga nyumba ya Kazan Kremlin, yomanga yomwe idayambanso pambuyo pake, pambuyo pomanga tchalitchi cha Red Square mu 1561.

Kutchulidwa uku kumapangitsa kukayikira pa nkhani ina yokongola. Tsar Ivan adakondwera ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya amisiri ndipo adamufunsa ngati angabwereze kukongola koteroko kwinakwake? "Tikhoza!" - adayankha mbuyeyo mwansangala, akuiwala kuti Tsar ali ndi dzina la Grozny. Olamulirawo analamula kuti akhonde omanga nyumba, kotero kuti Mtsinje wa Moscow wa St. Basil Wodala unalibe wapadera pachilengedwe chawo. Mwamwayi, ichi ndi nthano chabe, ndipo chodabwitsa chinali mphamvu ya ambuye achi Russia.

Kumanga Chozizwitsa

Kugwirizana kosamvetseka ndi kufotokoza kwa kapangidwe ka makonzedwe ka tchalitchi sikoyenera kokha. Luso lomwe St. Basil's Cathedral linamangidwa ndi lochititsa chidwi. Kufotokozera mwachidule za zipangizo zamakono ndi matekinoloje kumayankhula zambiri. Makoma ake apangidwa ndi zachilendo kwa nthawi imeneyo - njerwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito miyala yamwala, makamaka chifukwa chakuti makoma a tchalitchi ankapaka utoto woyera kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo matumbawo anali golidi, omwe ankawoneka ngati mipingo ya Vladimir ndi Suzdal.

Mapulogalamu apamwamba a zaumisiri ndi filigree, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kumangidwa ndi mazenera ndi zolemba zapamwamba zowongoka kunja, nthawi zonse zimaphatikizidwa mu kufotokoza kwa St. Basil's Cathedral. Zomwe analemba ndi tchalitchi cha West Europe, mwina ndi Chiitaliya, ndicho chifukwa chokayikira kuti ambuye a msinkhu umenewu amapezeka ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 1600. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mawonekedwe omaliza a mbambande imeneyi adakhazikitsidwa panthawi ya mbiri yakale komanso yosalekeza, pamene miyandamiyanda yambiri yamoto ikufunika kusintha ndi kumanganso kachisi.

Yerusalemu wakumwamba

Malinga ndi nyumba yomwe ili ndi maonekedwe ovuta komanso ovuta kwambiri, nyenyezi yodziwika bwino ndi yofanana ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi malo awiri okonzedwa pa mphambu ya madigiri 45. Iyi ndi nyenyezi ya Namwaliyo, ndipo lingaliro lomwelo logwirizanitsa mipingo ingapo pansi pa denga lokha limabwereranso ku Kachisi wa Holy Sepulcher, sizinali mwangozi kuti tchalitchichi chimakhala nthawi yaitali chotchedwa Muscovites Jerusalem.

Amatsitsimutsa chikhalidwe chokongola cha tchalitchi chachikulu ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera okongola: chojambula chokongoletsera mu chomera chomera ndi mtundu wosazolowereka komanso mtundu wobiriwira wa nyumba ya bulbous yomwe inayamba mu 1780.

Chidziwitso cha tchalitchichi chikuphatikizidwa ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ngati chihema chapakati cha Church of the Intercession ndi kuika kwaulere, kuphatikizapo tchalitchi cha St. Basil kumpoto chakum'maŵa. Anakhala kwa nthawi yayitali chipinda chokha chaukhondo mu tchalitchi kumene utumiki unkachitika m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono mpingo wa St. Basil Wodala anayamba kutchedwa tchalitchi chonse.

Chifukwa cha Khristu, wopusa woyera

Ku Russia anthu odzipereka omwe anasiya chitonthozo ndi chitonthozo cha moyo wathunthu chifukwa chotumikira Mulungu ankapembedza nthawi zonse. Opusa opatulika, amene anthu ankawaona kukhala otetezera anthu wamba asanakhale ndi mphamvu padziko lapansi ndi kumwamba, ankalemekezedwa nthawi zonse ku Moscow. Wolemekezeka kwambiri anali Wasili wodalitsika (1468-1557), yemwe ankaonedwa ngati woyang'anira mzinda.

Vasily anali kulemekezedwa osati ndi anthu wamba, iye ankalemekezedwa ndi Metropolitan Macarius, Tsar Ivan mwiniwake anamvetsera iye. Wodala Vasili ndiye woyamba kulandira ndalama zomanga kachisi. Ananenedwa kuti ankasungira tchire poyera, koma mozizwitsa, sizinali ndalama, chifukwa mbalayo inagwidwa ndi ziwalo, zomwe Vasily yekha adachiritsidwa.

Ndalamayi inali yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga, pamene Wodalitsikayo adamwalira kale, ndipo Grozny mwiniwakeyo adanyamula bokosilo kumaliro ake.

Nthano za nthawi zosiyana

Palibe munthu amene wasokonezeka, kapena wokhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu, kapena munthu wamba, kapena wozunza wobvala mphamvu zazikulu, sangathe kuchoka ku St. Basil's Cathedral alibe chidwi. Kufotokozera mwachidule za nthano zogwirizana nazo, kumatsimikizira izi.

Napoleoni atayamba kuunika atalowa mumzinda waukulu wa Russia, adaitcha tchalitchichi kuti amange mzikiti ndi kumanga khola kumeneko. Koma kuti asamayamikire ukulu wake sakanakhoza kulamulira ndi kuchotsa kachisiyo, ndiye kuti akakhazikitse pakatikati pa Paris. Pamene zosatheka za ndondomekoyi zinatsimikizika, adapereka lamulo loopsa kwambiri - kuwomba katolika. Malinga ndi nthano, izi sizinaloledwe ndi Ambuye - mvula yambiri inasefukira fusayi, osalola kuti nkhanza zichitike.

Ndi wolamulira wina wamphamvuyonse, nkhani yomwe inachitika mu Soviet Union ikugwirizana. Mkulu wa Moscow ndiye Lazar Kaganovich, yemwe anali ndi ndondomeko ya Stalin yofuna kukhazikitsa likulu la chikominisi. Pogwirizana ndi ndondomeko yomanganso mzinda wa Moscow, adachotsa chitsanzo cha tchalitchi chachikulu, pofuna kuwonetsa kuti n'zotheka kuti anthu ambiri apite ku Red Square. Nthanoyi inasunga mawu a mtsogoleriyo: "Lazaro!" Ikani mmalo! "" Seminarian wakale sakanatha kutaya Moscow wa kachisi wotchedwa woziteteza wodalitsika, ngakhale mazana a mipingo anawonongedwa ndi dongosolo lake.

Chizindikiro Chamuyaya

Wobadwa ndi talente ndi chikhulupiriro cha anthu, iye anaima pamoto wa nkhondo ndi zotsutsana. Dziwani kuti: Pa adiresi iyi: Red Square, nyumba 2, palibe malo ogulitsira malonda ambiri kapena nyumba yosakanikizika, koma Cathedral ya St. Basil, Russia sichidzataya chiyembekezo.