"Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha": mwachidule. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha," Solzhenitsyn

Ife takhala mu mbiri ya ntchito Soviet mabuku, umasindikizidwa kuti aziyenda misa, ndipo kenaka mwadzidzidzi n'kungokhala taboo. Poyamba amangoika anachoka ku laibulale, ndiyeno yambani kusakasaka makope kale kusindikizidwa. Kenako yowopsa kwa kope typewritten (kugawanika limatanthauza kuwala ngati copiers mukanthawi sanali, ndi zomera zilipo asungidwe pansi ziyang'aniridwe). Pomaliza, chiopsezo chachikulu ngakhale amene nkhani imodzi kapena buku, ndi ukoma wa luso lawo wapakamwa kuyesera kulalatira kufotokoza osachepera mwachidule awo. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" - mmodzi wa ntchito.

kamangidwe

Mu 1951, Alexander Solzhenitsyn ali okhwima lingaliro kulenga kwa nkhaniyi, mutawerenga kuti, anthu a Soviet Union akhoza adzaweruza zinthu zokhudza moyo wa akaidi andende. Zinali kumpoto Kazakhstan, kumene tsogolo Nobel anali kutumikira chiweruzo. Mbandakucha (nyamuka choikidwacho pa asanu m'mawa) ndi dulani mwininkhani moyo wonse wodzaza ndi nkhawa, m'mabvutitso, chiopsezo ndi mavuto. Izi zinali zoona, kukonzekera ntchito ndi ndemanga zake. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" amafotokoza ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku munthu ku Mipikisano miliyoni dola "ntchito Makamu", linapanga mphamvu zachuma ulamuliro wa Soviet. Izi ndi njira "Wolakwayo" analenga gawo lalikulu la limapeza mankhwala m'banja la Soviet Union pa maziko ofanana ndi wopanda mphamvu ndi manyazi wamba, talandidwa ndi nthawi njala. About The alimi m'nkhaniyi Ikufotokozanso mwininkhani naively ndikudabwa chilakolako pochokera anamenyela nkhondo kupewa tsoka chisoni kapolo ndi kumatsatira ntchito iliyonse kuchoka kumudzi kwawo, ndi zofunika mu mzinda. Komabe, zenizeni akaidi moyo harsher kuposa anthu ogwira ntchito osaukitsitsa wa yolima. Nkhani panthawiyo yekha mu ndingaliro ya wolemba pa pepala lake sadalole patapita Ryazan, kumene wopanda A. I. Solzhenitsyn atakhazikika mu 1957.

masiku asanu ndi anayi 'n'zosadabwitsa

Mu 1959, boma la Soviet Union amamenyera osati ndi utsamunda dziko, komanso ndi zotsala za voluntarism, Stalinism, ndi ena "machitidwe" kuti kulepheretsa akupita patsogolo kwa m'tsogolo. Izo zinachitika kuti nkhaniyi inalembedwa ndi mkaidi akale anauzidwa kuti mabuku, yomwe pa nthawiyo, mawu amakono, mu "azimuth" kapena "zikuluzikulu". Iye sanaganize wolemba njira kukwaniritsa kutchuka kapena bwino, koma mu nkhani iyi inali yosavuta zabwino. Mutu wa chipani ndi boma N. S. Hruschev m'mawu ake pa XXII Congress wa CPSU kukhomerera misomali yomaliza bokosi chivundikiro cha Stalinism (osachepera iye akuganiza choncho), ndine wokonzeka kunyamula thupi la mtsogoleri wakale wa dziko Mausoleum. Zinali ndiye kuti wolemba amadzinenera kupereka ntchito zake pa bwalo la Anna Samoylovna Berzer, prose dipatimenti mkonzi wa magazini otchuka "New World". Iye anapita ndi zolembedwa kwa mkonzi wamkulu Tvardovsky nampatsa chidule cha nkhani "Tsiku lina mu Ivana Denisovicha", kusintha dzina la wolemba mu Ryazan. Chandamale kuwomba anali, izo zinkawoneka, mwathunthu, koma chiopsezo akadali si lilibe.

Njira yovuta mpukutu

Koyamba, mankhwala ndi kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi Party mzere, analalikira pa XX, XXI ndi XXII Congress, anadzudzula "kumwa". Mu 1961, kunali yapamwamba amukane Stalin, koma ayenera 'mpaka maonekedwe uliwonse ugliness. " A. Twardowski, iyemwini, pokhala mbuye wa cholembera, anayamikira khalidwe luso la nkhani ndi kum'pereka mphambu mkulu, kenako anapereka pamanja wa amuna anzake mu shopu, anapereka mwachidule waukuluwo. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" kuwerenga Ehrenburg, Marshak, Paustovsky, Fedin ndi Chukovsky, amenenso kuti amasirira awo. Zinali zosavuta: tipezekemo thandizo la waukulu zolembalemba wotsutsa - wa Nikita Khrushchev. Mlembi Choyamba, imakhala wotanganidwa kwambiri, nthawi imeneyi anachita pempho la a Soviet Writers 'Union kwambiri. chisamaliro chake si mwachidule. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha", umene ndi retelling mkamwa Fadeeva chidwi Soviet mtsogoleri anali Werengani, ayesedwa ndi wovomerezeka.

bwino

Choncho, khumi (November) Nsanja ya "New World" mu 1962 ndi lemba Solzhenitsyn anapita ku kufalitsidwa. 96.900 magazini chinapululutsa ku maalumali wa bookshops ndi makola Sayuzdruk. Adamtsata 25000th nkhani zina, koma zilibe ludzu la njala ndi choonadi wankhanza wa anthu Soviet. Chidule "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" buku walembedwa mu chipinda kusuta fodya ndipo khitchini, ananena mu kunong'ona (anthu ochepa anakhulupirira kulekerera), ndipo nthawi zina mofuula (wolimba kumbali ambiri a demokalase phwando). Mu January chaka chamawa, "Aroma GAZETA" anaswa mbiri chifukwa misa ndi kumanzere 700,000th kope ndi kulemba chomwecho nkhani yakale. owerenga zana chikwi ndi wolemba anawonjezera nyumba kusindikiza "Soviet wolemba", kumasuka buku osiyana. Ngakhale kwambiri kuwerenga ku dziko (ndipo izi zinali choncho) chiwerengero cha magazini ankasindikizidwa oposa miliyoni akhala infrequent chodabwitsa. Solzhenitsyn analandira mu Union of Soviet Writers.

Zinataika pomasulira

mankhwala wakhala kudziwika onse mu USSR ndi kunja. owerenga Western anazolowera imagaya ndi Musiyeni ndekha wachikondi malemba yaitali, ndi okhutira ndi chidule a. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" Solzhenitsyn analemba chinenero m'malo ovuta, zonse mfundo lager ndi jargon. Kodi kufotokoza kwa French kuti mawu akuti "chitsiru" Ndipotu sikutanthauza "Wopusa pang'ono" ndipo pomaliza, bwinobwino okhala pa kulemba malo osasamala ndi item chakudya kapena bolnichke (iwonso - malo zachipatala mumsasa). Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti anaphunzira owerenga, yemwe amakhala "pa phiri", ndiye kuti mu USSR ufulu wachibadwidwe si kulemekezedwa, ndipo mukhoza kuika aliyense. Ndipo, oddly mokwanira, zimenezi simplistic si chogwirizana ndi lingaliro la ntchito za mlembi.

nkhani

Ntchito udindo poyamba anali "Sch-854" - msasa chiwerengero olembedwa pa chidutswa cha nkhani sewn kuti padded jekete protagonist pa nsana wake ndi chifuwa. Nthano A. I. Solzhenitsyna "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" lili ndi mfundo za akaidi wa moyo, umene wolemba amatanthauza osiyanasiyana zofuna ndi zokhumba za anthu amene akhala chifuniro cha wamphamvu zonse chinsinsi akapolo apolisi boma. Iwo ndimalota za mpumulo pang'ono (mphindi zina zingapo chabe udindo), iwo akufuna kuti zichitike Mkuntho, omwe amamasula iwo kukhala kupita ku ntchito mwakhama. Ndiye komabe kuti andipeze, koma pambuyo. Pezani pang'ono mkate kapena ladle ndi chidutswa cha solder, mbatata ena mazira - zabwino zonse. Kodi izo zonse pamodzi mwaluso olembedwa mwachidule? "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" - nkhani, nsalu kunja kwa moyo wamba mwatsatanetsatane kuti sindikumvetsa munthu, ngakhale ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri ngati si anakumana ZOTERE.

anthu

Ndipo komabe pali nkhani mu nkhani kukhala retelling. Izi ndi nkhani yonena za anthu otchulidwa, anthu a Olinganiza zoikidwiratu zosiyana ndi zilembo. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov nkhondo, wachokera banja wamba. wolakwitsa zonse ndi kuti iye wakhala ali mu ukapolo. Alipo Baptist Alyosha, chirichonse chiri bwino kwa iye. Omenyera Cesar mafilimu a kanema anajambula ena kutero, ngati n'koyenera, filimu, ndipo sanamalize pa ntchito. Young Western Chiyukireniya Gopchik anathandiza wake anzake a m'mudzimo, Bandera, amene anapita kutchire. Naval wapolisi ku utumiki wa Bund ankadziwa bwino British, iye anapita nawo Arkhangelsk, koma pambuyo pa nkhondo kulandira mphatso kuchokera mnzake wake British, ndi wolakwa. Ambiri, ambiri otchulidwa, aliyense wa iwo chosiyana ndi ngati ife kufotokoza onse, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti mwachidule. "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" ndi chikhalidwe mtanda gawo la anthu, anapanga nkhwangwa lakuthwa chilungamo Stalin. Wakweza mafunso za chilengedwe cha lingaliro chikominisi ndipo amasonyeza makhalidwe oipa ake zokhudza zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuti mankhwala ailetsa mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a.