Ultradeep bwino pa Kola Peninsula: mbiri ndi zinsinsi

The bwino, yomwe ili m'malire a Kola Peninsula, izo akuchita malo oyamba mu mndandanda wa "wapamwamba-akuya mtendere." Iwo anali mokhomerera kufufuza kapangidwe zozama za miyala dziko lapansi. Mosiyana ndi ena zitsime mapulaneti zilipo, amene mokhomerera mupeze mfundo kafukufuku wa view ndipo si ntchito ndi cholinga m'zigawo chuma mchere.

Location Kola siteshoni ultradeep

Ali Kola ultradeep bwino? на располагается в Мурманской области, вблизи города Заполярный (примерно в 10 километрах от него). Pa ili m'dera Murmansk pafupi kumalo ozizira (10 makilomita kutali). The bwino malo wapadera. Iwo chinaikidwa pa dera la ku Baltic Chikopa mu Kola Peninsula. Kumeneko, kumene dziko tsiku amakankhira pamwamba zosiyanasiyana miyala wakale.

Near bwino ndi Pechenga-Imandra-Varzuga Rift ufa, anapanga chifukwa cha vuto la.

Kola ultradeep bwino: mbiri ya yatsoka

Polemekeza centennial pa nthawi ya kubadwa Vladimira Ilicha Lenina kuyamba pobowola zitsime anali anayambitsa mu zoyambirira za m'ma 1970.

May 24, 1970, pambuyo kukondweretsa ulendo miyala ya malo a bwino, ntchito inayambika. Kuti akuya pafupifupi 7000 mamita pafupifupi chilichonse anapita mwamsanga ndi bwino. Atawoloka asanu masauzande ntchito namuka ndi zinavuta kwambiri, pali kugumuka zonse.

Chifukwa cha wophwanya zonse ndi chiswa hoisting mitu kubowola, komanso n'kugwa zonse bwino makoma adamangidwa ndondomeko cementing. Komabe, chifukwa malfunctions zonse ntchito inapitirira kwa zaka zingapo ndipo zinawatengera kwambiri.

June 6, 1979 kuya bwino wadutsa chotchinga mamita 9583, motero kuswa mbiri dziko kuti zitsime za mafuta mu United States Berta Rodzhers ili Oklahoma. Pa nthawi iyi mu Kola osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa mosalekeza ntchito za sikisitini Laboratories sayansi ndi ndondomeko pobowola ndi kuyang'anira ndi Nduna ya nthaka ya Soviet Union Kozlovskim Evgeniem Aleksandrovichem.

Mu 1983, pamene chakuya Kola wapamwamba-akuya wafika mamita 12.066, ntchito anali mongoyembekezera atapanga pokonzekera Mayiko Geological Congress mu 1984. Monga Atamaliza, iwo adapitiriza.

Resumption ntchito anagwa pa September 27, 1984. Koma izo adzafupikitsidwa kubowola zingwe osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa kugwa kunachitika Apanso koyamba. Ntchito anayambanso kwa akuya pafupifupi 7000 meters.

Mu 1990, kuzama kwa dzenje kubowola zinakwana mamita 12.262. Pambuyo breakage wina ndime analandira lamulo kusiya pobowola ndi kumaliza ntchitoyo.

The zikuchitika wa Kola osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa

Mu 2008, ultradeep bwino pa Kola Peninsula ankaona anasiya, ankaiphwasula zida, ndipo ntchito imeneyi kugwetsa nyumba analipo Laboratories anali kale akuthamanga.

Kumayambiriro 2010, mkulu wa Kola Geological Institute ananena kuti tsopano bwino kakusintha ndondomeko ya zachilengedwe ndi kuwononga okha. Kuyambira pamenepo, funso lake saukitsidwa.

Kuya kwa bwino kuti tsiku,

Pakali pano, Kola ultradeep bwino, chithunzi chimene akupereka chidwi owerenga ndi m'nkhani ndi imodzi ya zikuluzikulu ntchito pobowola pa dziko. kuya kwake boma mamita 12.263.

Zikumveka mu Kola osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa

Pamene pobowola nsanja anawoloka pakhomo la mamita 12 zikwi, antchito anayamba kumva zachilendo akubwera kuchokera mu kuya. Poyamba iwo sanali ngofunika aliyense ichi. Komabe, pamene lonse pobowola zida mantha, ndi bwino anapachikidwa chete imfa, anamva phokoso zachilendo kuti ogwira akudzipeza okha akuitanidwira "kulira kwa anthu ochimwa kuhelo." Chifukwa phokoso ndi wapamwamba-akuya ankaona zachilendo ndithu, anaganiza kulemba ndi kutentha zosagwira maikolofoni. Pamene kaundula anamveka, onse anadabwa - iwo anali ngati kukuwa ndi squeals wa anthu.

Koma patapita maola angapo, pambuyo kumvetsera kwa ogwira ntchito makaseti aona kuda wamphamvu kuphulika kale chiyambi osadziwika. Ntchito anali mongoyembekezera inaimitsidwa podikira mafotokozedwe a zochitika. Komabe, iwo adapitiriza masiku angapo. Kachiwiri unatsikira ku chitsime, zonse ndi bated mpweya kumva akukuwa, koma pali analidi chete mwakufa.

Mlandu anayamba pa chiyambi cha phokoso, anayamba kufunsa mafunso okhudza amene ndi zimene ndinamva. antchito mbachita mantha ankazemba kuyankha mafunso awa, ndipo kokha polingalira mawu akuti: "Ine ndinamva chinachake chachirendo ..." Only patapita nthawi yambiri ndipo Baibulo limeneli ayikidwa patsogolo ndi ntchito kutseka, phokoso la chiyambi osadziwika - ndi phokoso la gulu la mbale tectonic. Baibulo limeneli anali akutsutsa pa nthawi.

Zinsinsi wokuta bwino

Mu 1989, Kola ultradeep bwino, kumene phokoso chimwemwe malingaliro a munthu, ankatchedwa "njira yopita ku gehena." Nthano anabadwa mu US TV, amene analandira April Opusa nkhani mu nyuzipepala Chifinishi za Kola komanso zenizeni. Nkhani ananena kuti aliyense kilometre proburonny pa njira ya 13 anabweretsa olimba tsoka la dzikolo. Malinga ndi nthano, pa akuya mamita 12,000 ntchito adayamba ngati imalira anthu thandizo omwe analembedwa maikolofoni supersensitive.

Ndi mtunda uliwonse pa njira ya 13 mu dziko panali masoka, kotero pa njira pamwamba Soviet Union chinatha.

Iwo ananenanso kuti, kubowola zitsime mpaka mamita 14.5 zikwi, antchito amapunthwa pa dzenje "zipinda" kumene kutentha ukufika 1100 madigiri Celsius. Adatchithisira mu umodzi mabowo izi ndi imodzi mwa maikolofoni thermostable olembedwa moans maseche ndi imalira. phokoso zimenezi zimatchedwa "mawu a pansi pa nthaka" ndi bwino wasanduka si kunena kuti "njira ya ku Jahena."

Koma posakhalitsa, chimodzimodzi kafukufuku gulu wakana nthano ino. Asayansi ananena kuti akuya bwino pa nthawi zaka 12 zokha 263 meters ndi pazipita olembedwa kutentha ndi madigiri 220 Celsius. Osasweka panali mfundo imodzi yokha, chifukwa amene ali n'ngwokayikitsa ulemu Kola ultradeep bwino - phokoso.

Kucheza ndi mmodzi wa antchito wa Kola wapamwamba-akuya

Mu kuyankhulana zoyenera pokambirana naye nthano za Kola osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa David Mironovich Guberman iye anati: "Pamene ndimafunsidwa za kulondola nthano ndi kukhalapo kwa chiwanda tinapeza apo, ine kuti izi ndi zamkhutu. Koma kunena zoona, ine sindingakhoze kukana chakuti takumana ndi chinachake chauzimu. Choyamba, ife anayamba kusokoneza phokoso la chiyambi wosadziwika, ndiye panali kuphulika. Pamene ife anayang'anitsitsa, pa kuya chomwecho, chirichonse chinali akukhuzidwa mu masiku ochepa ... "

Kodi phindu wabweretsa ndi Kola wapamwamba-akuya tikubooleza?

Komabe, ubwino waukulu pakutchulidwa pachitsimepo angatchedwe patsogolo kwambiri m'munda wa pobowola. njira yatsopano ndi mitundu ya pobowola yapangidwa. Okha kuti Kola wapamwamba-akuya tikubooleza ndipo analenga zida sayansi kuti ntchito lero.

kuphatikiza wina kunali kutsegulidwa kwa malo atsopano zachilengedwe, Pakati pali golide.

Waukulu cholinga sayansi kuphunzira zigawo zozama za dziko lapansi polojekiti anali akwaniritsa. maganizo osiyanasiyana alipo akhala anatsutsa (kuphatikizapo pa nthaka basalt wosanjikiza).

Chiwerengero cha zitsime wapamwamba-zozama za dziko

dziko lonse, pali pafupifupi 25 kopitilira muyeso-kwambiri zitsime.

Ambiri a iwo ili m'dera la Soviet Union, koma 8 ili padziko lonse.

zitsime Ultradeep ili pa dera la USSR kale

Pa gawo la Soviet Union, panafika ndi nambala yaikulu zitsime kopitilira muyeso-kwambiri, koma makamaka ayenera allocated motere:

1. Muruntau bwino. Kuya kwa bwino ukufika okwana mamita 3 zikwi. Ili mu Republic of Uzbekistan, m'mudzi waung'ono Muruntau. Kukumba bwino inayamba mu 1984 ndipo silinakwaniritsidwe anamaliza.
2. Krivorozhskaya bwino. kuya ukufika mamita 5383 yekha kwa 12 zikwi kusonyeza. Pobowola inayamba mu 1984 ndipo inatha mu 1993. Malo pachitsimepo amati Ukraine, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Krivoy Rog.
3. Dnieper-Donets bwino. A countrywoman m'mbuyomo wina ndi ili mu Ukraine pafupi Republic Donetsk. Kuya kwa bwino kwa tsiku mamita 5691. Pobowola inayamba mu 1983 ndipo ulipobe.
4. Ural bwino. Iwo ali akuya mamita 6100. Malowa ali pamtunda m'dera Sverdlovsk, pafupi ndi tauni ya Verkhnyaya Tura. Chabwino tikubooleza ntchito kwa zaka 20, kuyambira ndi 1985 mpaka 2005.
5. Biikzhalskaya bwino. mozama ake ukufika mamita 6700. Chabwino pobowola zinachitika kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1971. Inkakhala pa Caspian maganizo.
6. Aralsolskaya bwino. mozama ake mamita zana kwambiri Biikzhalskoy ndi mamita 6800 chokha. Chaka malo pobowola komanso ali kwathunthu zofanana ndi Biizhalskoy osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa.
7. Timan-Pechora bwino. mozama ake ukufika mamita 6904. Ili mu Republic of Komi. Kukhala yokwanira bwino, mu Vuktylsky m'deralo. Chabwino tikubooleza ntchito watha pafupifupi zaka 10, kuyambira mu 1984, mathero chaka cha 1993.
8. Tyumen bwino. Kuzama ukufika mamita 7502 za makonzedwe 8,000. Chabwino inali pafupi ndi tauni ya Novy Urengoy ndi mudzi Korotchaevo. Pobowola zinachitika kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1996.
9. Shevchenko bwino. Iwo anali mokhomerera mu umodzi mu 1982 cholinga cha mafuta kupanga kumadzulo Ukraine. Kuya bwino mamita 7520. Ili mu dera Carpathian.
10. Yong-Yakhinskaya bwino. Iwo ali mozama za 8250 meters. The chink kokha, kumene kuposa dongosolo ndi kuboola (poyamba anakonza 6000). Inali ku West Siberia, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Novy Urengoy. Pobowola unakhala kuchokera 2000 mpaka 2006. Pa nthawi ino anali womaliza akuchita ultradeep zitsime Russia.
11. Saatli bwino. kuya kwake mamita 8324. Pobowola zinachitikadi mu nthawi kuchokera 1977 mpaka 1982. Iwo lili Azerbaijan, makilomita 10 kuchokera m'tawuni ya Saatli, mu Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi.

World ultradeep zitsime

M'mayiko ena, palinso ena zitsime wapamwamba-kwambiri, zomwe sitingathe kunyalanyaza:

1. Sweden. Siljan mphete akuya mamita 6800.
2. Kazakhstan. Tasymov Southeast akuya mamita 7050.
3. US. Bighorn akuya mamita 7583.
4. Austria. Tsisterdorf akuya mamita 8553.
5. US. University akuya mamita 8686.
6. Germany. KTB Oberpfalz mozama mamita 9101.
7. US. Beydat-Unit akuya mamita 9159.
8. US. Berta Rodzhers akuya mamita 9583.

marekodi World kwa zitsime kopitilira muyeso-kwambiri mu dziko

Mu 2008, dziko mbiri Kola osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa linathyoka mafuta bwino Maersk. mozama ake mamita 12.290.

Kenako, analembedwa angapo kaundula dziko ultradeep zitsime:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa January 2011 mbiri anali wosweka zitsime mafuta kupanga "Sakhalin-1" ntchito imene imafikira akuya mamita 12,345.
2. Mu June 2013 mbiri wosweka osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa Chayvo munda, umene unali akuya mamita 12,700.

Komabe, zinsinsi za Kola wapamwamba-akuya kuti tsiku sichinaululidwe ndipo anafotokoza. Wachibale phokoso pa nthawi ya pobowola ake, mpaka lero pali maganizo atsopano. Amene amadziwa, mwinamwake izi kwenikweni chipatso cha m'maganizo chiwawa anthu? Chabwino, bwanji, ndiye, ngati pakuona ambiri? Mwina posachedwapa adzakhala munthu adzakupatsani malongosoledwe a sayansi zimene zikuchitika, ndipo mwina bwino ndi kukhala nthano zimene retell zaka zambiri ...