University Inagwira mu sayansi (mwachidule). Home University phindu. zikayenda University mu sayansi, umagwirira, mabuku ndi Chirasha

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov - wapadera m'mbiri ya dziko lathu. Iye anachita zinthu zambiri kwa Russia, kulankhula momasuka zosiyanasiyana m'madera. University Inagwira ambiri sayansi ndinu wamkulu. Ndithudi, Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov (zaka za moyo - 1711-1765) - ndi chidwi zosiyanasiyana komanso kudziwa Buku. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba zachilengedwe wasayansi mu dziko lathu, zimene takwanitsa lomwe tanthauzo lonse. Mikhail ndi mbiri, ndakatulo, zojambulajambula, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa a mderali a chidziwitso, monga umagwirira thupi. Ife kupereka takwanitsa kuchita zazikulu University zosiyanasiyana chidziwitso.

Umagwirira ndi Physics

Mikhail ndinaganiza umagwirira ntchito yake yaikulu. Home University mtengo ndi kuti iye anayamba chikhalidwe zenizeni za chiphunzitso ano atomiki-maselo. Mu 1748 asayansi woyamba kukonza ndi chilamulo cha kusamala misa zinthu anamuona pa zochita mankhwala.

University phindu mu umagwirira zokhudzana osati Kupezeka kwa malamulo. Iye ananena za kufunika kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zosiyanasiyana asayansi limodzi vuto kuthetsa. Mu 1751 Mikhail walenga "mawu za ubwino zimapangidwira." Mmenemo adafunsira ntchito zomwe a sayansi monga sayansi ndi masamu, kuphunzira zochitika zosiyanasiyana mankhwala.

Mtengo University mu sayansi komanso ndinu wamkulu, koma chopindula chake chachikulu m'dera limeneli - atomiki corpuscular chiphunzitso, limene limafotokoza dongosolo la zinthu ndiponso mankhwala. Asayansi anafotokoza zifukwa zinthu kutenga boma akaphatikiza ndipo analenga chiphunzitso cha kutentha.

madera

Motsogozedwa Mikhail Vasilyevich linakonzedwa buku "Atlas of Russia" imene ili kuposa ofanana atlases European. Mu anali mwachindunji mauthenga Hrs, komanso ikulongosola za ufumuwo anali mu kaonedwe chuma ndi ndale.

Lomonosov zoona, anachita kufufuza wathunthu wa boma. Mikhail anayamba dongosolo phunziro zachuma ndi zowerengera a Russian. Ulendo kudutsa dziko adadzazidwa kumuyamikila. Komanso mafunso anatumizidwa aliyense chigawo. Yaikulu mudziwe anali anasonkhana Buku la mapu a. Inali kuperekedwa maonekedwe komanso malo a m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko (mfundo za kapangidwe ka mabanki mtsinje, m'mapiri chachikulu), komanso ntchito chuma choikidwa zinthu zachilengedwe (komwe mzinda ili kumeneko m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, chimene mafakitale ake , Tirhana na Timatheriyali, nyama ndi kupha nsomba, chilungamo, lalikulu).

Koma si zikayenda onse Lomonosov mu sayansi. Mikhail ankaona anayambitsa munda a chidziwitso, monga madera a zachuma. Lomonosov mu 1758 anali mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti Geography, a Academy of Sciences. Mikhail Lomonosov anali mphunzitsi kwa chiwerengero cha akatswiri olemba mapu Russian, geographers, oceanographers ndipo oyeza.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, Mikhail anakonda nyanja. Iye ankaganizira kwambiri za chitukuko cha navigation mu dziko ankafuna kuphunzira zigawo kumalo ozizira. Lomonosov analemba za m'mayiko unexplored ili mu Ocean Arctic. Choyamba Russian ulendo kutsogoleredwa ndi Chichagova Chelyuskina ndipo anazindikira chifukwa cha khama la Mikhail Vasilyevich. Iye anali kulinganiza za izo, ndipo analenga malangizo zambiri anthu a ulendo wa.

nthaka

Lomonosov mu 1763 analenga ntchito lotchedwa "Pa zigawo za dziko lapansi." Zinapatsidwa kwa ulaliki wa nthaka ano, amene ankaona yoyamba m'mbiri. Science yokha kulibe. Lomonosov ananena kuti mitsempha mchere misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, anafotokoza magwero a mafupa, metalliferous placer, wakuda zivomezi lapansi.

philology

Kwambiri yaikulu osiyanasiyana zofuna ndi zina zomwe Lomonosova Ine V munda wa zilankhulo. Amazing zosiyanasiyana ngakhale mndandanda wa ntchito za wasayansi wamkulu uyu. Tikungotchula zomwe waukulu Lomonosov chinenero cha Chirasha. Zinali iye amene analenga galamala kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Iwo anali zokhazikitsa malamulo a chinenero zolembalemba, anapereka mwadongosolo. Lomonosov ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito pa m'zilembo Russian, malinga ndi kafukufuku poyerekeza mbiri ya zilankhulo, mabuku poetics ndi chinenero stylistics wa oratory, komanso pa chiphunzitso cha ndakatulo ndi prose. Komanso, pali cholowa chake ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi mavuto ambiri chitukuko chinenero.

mabuku

Lomonosov ndi bambo a ndakatulo Russian. Iwo ovomerezeka mu ndakatulo dziko la dongosolo la makono a versification - syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa. Mu 1739, Lomonosov analemba "Ode pa kudya Khotin." Izo analengedwa ndi ntchito tetrameter iambic, adayamba kuperekedwa mu ndime Russian. ode Izi anatumikila nyengo yatsopano ya ndakatulo Russian.

Onani kuti Lomonosov makamaka amakonda polemba chinenero ichi. chilankhulo Gala ode wodzazidwa ndi apilo losafuna ndi exclamations, changu woganizirana, kufanizira mwatsatanetsatane ndi mafanizo zithunzi m'Baibulo ndi Slavonicisms - zonsezi chidwi. Lomonosov ankakhulupirira kuti akachita "wamtali ndi ulemerero." Iwo anayamba ode anatenga chitsanzo pafupifupi onse Russian alakatuli analenga awo ntchito mu 18 atumwi. Lomonosov ntchito zake ankalimbikitsa maphunziro ndi sayansi. Iye anaimba ntchito mtendere, anayamikira anthu Russian. Komanso, Lomonosov analangiza mafumu, kulenga yabwino Mfumukazi mu ntchito.

nkhani

zipambano zambiri Lomonosov mu sayansi ndi, makamaka m'munda wa mbiri, si mophweka amati, zochokera m'malemba oyambirira. Nthawi zambiri, amavutika kuwerenga ndi kumvetsa ntchito analengedwa ndi iwo chifukwa chakuti University ndi chinenero chachikale chinkawavuta. Komabe makhalidwe abwino monga zojambulajambula, ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndi kalembedwe, kapangidwe ndi kupanga zogwirizana ndi changwiro. Kuti Mikhail anapereka mbiri ya Russia mu umoyo yekha ndi kukhulupirika kwa Kuzindikira. Anapewa kufotokoza maganizo a akuluwo, ndi "History wa Russian" wake analenga pamaziko a magwero bwino anayamba ndi osiyanasiyana, kuwerenga kwa iwo zaka.

Lomonosov anali kuyesera kuti "kuchotsa mizu zakale" dziko lathu. Iye anatsimikizira kuti Asilavo sali asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, kotero "Norman" Baibulo ayenera kuonedwa ngati olakwika. Mikhail poyera, ngakhale mosamala kwambiri ndi tilinazo, ndi mbalume mpingo. Malinga ndi mbalume unali kuti Asilavo anali zichokera kwa mdzukulu wa m'Baibulo Nowa, Meshech.

zitsanzo zadothi

Mikhail anapanga zopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha ulimi zadothi. Mwatsoka, chifukwa cha chiweruzo cha atulukira iye m'munda, anakhalabe zipangizo mwachilungamo patalipatali. The anawalenga "Laboratory timva" (Ndime "zadothi chitsanzo") zina misa maphikidwe zadothi. gawo lina la iwo ali "mu kope labu".

Lomonosov anayamba kugwira ntchito pa dongo, makamaka ku 1750. Maphikidwe anafotokoza, mwina wa 1751-TH kapena chiyambi cha 1752 sindingakhoze kunena motsimikiza kaya pogwiritsa ntchito ina zadothi nyemba. Komabe, n'zoonekeratu kuti Lomonosov imachitika kafukufuku paokha. Iye anatenga njira ina kuposa Vinogradov mnzake. Kugamula ndi angaonere amayerekezera Unyinji wa dongo ndi ofufuza awiri. Pa University iwo ziwiri zikuluzikulu, wopangidwa mwa khwatsi mwankhanza chigawo ndi dongo. Zolemera ankasiyana zipangizo okha khwatsi, clays, kuyambirira kukonzekera - mlingo wa onongani, calcining, kuchapa. Komanso chiwerengero cha zigawo zawo constituent zinali zosiyanasiyana. Vinogradov mbali yachitatu ntchito ngati kamwazi - pulasitala (gypsum).

Kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi

Mikhail ntchito ndi zithunzi - view wa kupenta chadzaoneni. Chifukwa chiyani iye anali nacho chidwi iye? Wasayansi analemba kuti amisiri a ntchito mitundu zofunika, ndi mbali zina zonse kudzera kusakaniza. Pontho akhafunambo kupeza lalifupi ndi losavuta fano kusintha njira.

Mikhail Vasilievich anali yodzaza ndi yatsekera mu mpanda wa Academy of Sciences. Iye anayesera kuthawa udindo woyang'anira ofesi ya, kupeza ntchito kumene iye akanakhoza kuzindikira yekha chikhalidwe chake ebullient.

Lomonosov anakhala chidwi Zithunzi kale kuti muli mankhwala ake zasayansi. Iye anali kwambiri anakopeka akale luso la kulenga smalt (galasi kasakaniza wazitsulo zosiyanasiyana mitundu) wosafa zithunzi ndi zojambula. Mu 1746 Earl M. Vorontsov anabweretsa kuchokera ku Rome ndi ntchito angapo zithunzi. M'nyumba ya kuwerengera ankakonda Mikhail Lomonosov.

Chiphunzitso cha "mitundu itatu"

Mikhail chinayamba chiphunzitso cha "mitundu itatu". Ndithudi, izo zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa mtundu sayansi. Asayansi apeza kuti zosiyanasiyana mitundu ali ndi atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Mikhail anapeza njira yothetsera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zothandiza kuti tsopano ntchito mafilimu, kusindikiza mtundu kujambula. Lomonosov anayesa kulenga chipangizo chimene munthu akhoza kupeza mtundu uliwonse ndi Kuchotsera kapena kuwonjezera akuluakulu atatu.

"Nkhondo ya Poltava"

Wotchuka ntchito zithunzi za Mikhail - "Nkhondo ya Poltava." chithunzi iyi imakhala ndi zidutswa za smalt. Kutalika kwa mizati ndi masentimita 5, ndi makulidwe - 1-6 kokha mm. kupenta Izi khoma anabadwa mwa Lomonosov kwa Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral mbali ya mndandanda wa Zithunzi, anaika mkati nyumbayi. Ndi kukula kwa ntchito iyi lingamutsatire - mamita oposa 300 lalikulu. m. Mu gawo kumanzere kwake amaonetsera Peter Ine pa kavalo. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi mtsogoleri wolimba mtima amene atsogolera nkhondo Russian asilikali. Peter kuyang'ana osasunthika mtima, kaimidwe yake yaikulu. Otsatidwa ndi anzake amene anazindikira A. D. Menshikov ndi B. P. Sheremetev. Pakati pa kapangidwe ndi yosavuta Msilikali amene oletsedwa njira ya mfumu. Izi msilikali ndi musket monga ngakhale atagwira adzafune Peter Ine tikufika kumapeto nkhondo ndi angawonongeke. chiwerengerochi akuimira anthu wamba. Malinga ndi wolemba, udindo wake si kwenikweni kusiyana ndi udindo Peter I.

Choncho, tinanyamuka zomwe waukulu Lomonosov mwachidule. Kumene, sitinawuzidwe za kupambana onse a katswiri. ntchito zake zonse yaikulu m'nkhani umodzi maulendo chabe zosatheka. Wolemekezeka Service University mu mabuku ndi Chirasha, umagwirira, malo, sayansi ndi zina za nzeru kupanga mmodzi wa kanjedza zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko.