Ode - wapadera wa ndakatulo

Kodi ode? Liwu ili poyamba anali ndi tanthauzo: a lyric ndakatulo, anachita ndi kwayala ndi nyimbo. Ode ku Greece wakale sanali amasiyana mwanjira osiyana mtundu wanyimbo ndakatulo. mawu awa likumasuliridwa kuti "ndime". Ancient olemba anawagawa m'magulu zazikulu zitatu: kuvina nyimbo, watsoka, ndi matamando. Ode - zimasonyeza, amene ankakonda kanjedza ngati wanzeru wa Kale, ngati Pindar ndi Horace.

Woyamba olembedwa epikinii - nyimbo zotamanda olimbana ndi amene anapambana m'bwalomo. Cholinga chachikulu cha ndakatulo zimenezi ankanenedwa kukhalabe mpikisano kukhulupirika. zizindikiro zawo - ali anasonyeza grandiloquence, chofunika ndi wolemera wapakamwa ornamentation. Pindarovskaya ode - zimavuta kumvetsa ndakatulo, Polemeretsedwa unmotivated kusintha associative. Patapita kanthawi, mtundu uwu ndakatulo kachiwiri mosatsata yapadera "waluso polankhula" ndipo ankamuona ngati nyimbo zotamanda. Roman wolemba Horace potsiriza anapuma ku "m'nyimbo chisokonezo", khalidwe la Greek luso Pindar. Iye analemba popanda grandiloquence, kumvetsa kalembedwe zonse, nthawi zina ndi zowawa za Izitu n'zovutitsa. ndakatulo kaŵirikaŵiri analilembera munthu iliyonse. Zikuoneka kuti izi Pofuna kutsimikizira munthu mu mawonekedwe ndime.

Oda ngati ndakatulo mtundu wanyimbo atagwa zikhalidwe akale amene anatsatira kuwonongedwa kwa ufumu wa Roma, kalekale. Kuti abwererenso mwamsanga ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano, amene anali chimalimbikitsa ndi chikhumbo classicism. Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa olemba kulenga XVII-XVIII zaka kalekale. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo anaimba odes wake, nthawi zambiri limodzi nyimbo ndi choreography. Ndipo alakatuli XVII-XVIII zaka iwo okha kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Komabe, ngati olemba akale, iwo anatembenuka ndi choimbira - ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala, ngakhale sanasunge manja ake milungu Apollo, Zeus, koma, ndithudi, sankakhulupirira moyo wawo. Choncho, Kubadwa Kwatsopano andakatulo anali kwakukulukulu otsatira. Komanso, odes wa olemba a chi Greek kuti maganizo kwambiri ndi yamunthu. Kutamanda opambana, sanaiwale kutamanda awo mbadwa ndi makolo awo. Kuti sikunali kokwanira Russian ndi European olemba odes. Kukondwera amene anasonyeza, zambiri kuposa yokumba. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti, mwachitsanzo, Lomonosov ode - ichi ndi chinthu potsanzira zapamwamba, osati chinyezimiro chake. Iwo taonera ndakatulo ndi Dmitriev, kunyozedwa ntchito zotero mu Zotengera wake "mlendo maganizo."

The Kubadwa Kwatsopano ode - zambiri vesi, lakonzedwa kuti akweze olamulira kapena asilikali. Kuwonjezera Russia, polemba chinenero ichi chinakhala M'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya. Mavesi amenewa kawirikawiri yaitali, kumusangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, uyu anali "Ode kwa inalowa mpando wachifumu Elizabeth," lolembedwa ndi Lomonosov.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, zimenezi anasiya kulemba ndakatulo ndi zinthu yokumba ntchito yomanga. Zapita apilo osaganiza za azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala ndi milungu Olympic. Masiku ano ode - si mawu, blase grandiloquent mawu ndi okweza, ndi njira yachibadwa yosonyezera ndi timakondadi. Mawu kwambiri tsopano kawirikawiri ntchito. M'malo 'ode "andakatulo amanena" ndikuganiza "," nyimbo "kapena" nyimbo ".