Ureniamu miyala. Kodi kuchotsa ureniamu miyala. Ureniamu miyala mu Russia

Pamene iwo anapeza zinthu nyukiliya ku gome nthawi, munthu munafika ndi ntchito kwa iwo. Izo zinachitika ndi ureniamu. Ankaperekerako nkhondo ndi zolinga wamba. Ureniamu miyala kukonzedwa, membala chifukwa anamugwiritsa ntchito utoto ndi galasi mafakitale. Pambuyo anatulukira mpweya wa poizoni, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani nyukiliya. Kodi oyera ndi mafuta wochezeka wapatsidwa? Iwo amanena za ichi mpaka pano.

achilengedwe ureniamu

The ureniamu chilengedwe mtundu woyera kulibe - ndi chigawo chimodzi cha miyala ndi mchere. Waukulu ureniamu miyala - ndi carnotite ndi pitchblende. Ndi kwambiri miyala ya ili njira mankhwala mchitidwe opezeka lapansi ndi mchere torfievyh - orthite, titaniyamu, zircon, monazite, xenotime. madipoziti ureniamu zimapezeka miyala ndi acidic woipa sing'anga ndi mkulu silika. Anzake - calcite, galena, molybdenite, ndi ena.

Global madipoziti ndi nkhokwe

Pakali pano, ife kufufuza zosiyanasiyana mu 20 kilometre wosanjikiza padziko lapansi. Iwo onse ali ndi nambala yaikulu matani ureniamu. ndalamazo amatha kupereka anthu ndi mphamvu zaka mazana ambiri pasadakhale. Tonga m'mayiko ureniamu miyala lili pati yaikulu ndi Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Canada, South Africa, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, USA, Brazil, Namibia.

ureniamu Mafomu

Mpweya wa poizoni amachititsa katundu mankhwala mchitidwe wa. Natural ureniamu tichipeza isotopes atatu. Awiri a iwo ndiwo akutoma kwa mndandanda nyukiliya. Natural ureniamu isotopes ntchito kulenga nkhuni zochita nyukiliya ndi zida. Komanso, 238 ndi zopangira yopangira nyukiliyazo basi-239.

isotopes U234 wa ureniamu ndi bulanchi nuclides U238. Iwo anazindikira ngati yogwira kwambiri ndi kupereka cheza amphamvu. U235 isotope nthawi 21 ofooka, ngakhale bwino ntchito zolinga pamwamba - Amatha kuthandiza unyolo nyukiliya anachita popanda catalysts zina.

Komanso pali zachilengedwe ndi yokumba isotopes wa ureniamu. Masiku ano, anthu odziwika ndi 23, zofunika ambiri a iwo - U233. Zimalimbikitsa luso adamulowetsa mchikakamizo cha neutrons pang'onopang'ono, pamene ena amafuna particles kudya.

gulu la miyala

Ngakhale ureniamu angapezeke kulikonse - ngakhale ku zamoyo - zigawo umene uli, angakhale osiyana mu mtundu. Akudalira pa izo, ndi njira yopanga. Ureniamu miyala zimagawidwa ndi magawo zotsatirazi:

1. Education Zofunika - amkati ndi exogenous metamorphogenic miyala.
2. Chikhalidwe cha ureniamu mineralization - pulayimale, oxidized kuphatikizapo ureniamu miyala.
3. Kukula kwa aggregates ndi mbewu mchere - coarse, sing'anga, chabwino, ndi particulate chabwino-grained miyala nusu.
4. Phindu la zosafunika - molybdenum, vanadium, etc.
5. Zikuchokera zosafunika - carbonate, silicate, sulfide, chitsulo okusayidi, kaustobiolitovye.

Malinga mmene wachinsinsi ureniamu miyala ndi njira yopezera therefrom mchitidwe mankhwala. Silicate mankhwala zidulo zosiyanasiyana, carbonate - koloko njira, kaustobiolitovye Polemeretsedwa kuyaka, ndipo okusayidi chitsulo isungunuke mu kuphulika ng'anjo.

Kodi kuchotsa ureniamu miyalayo

Monga mu mfundo iliyonse migodi, pali njira zina ndi njira yopezera ureniamu cimwala. Onse chimadaliranso wotani isotope ndi mu mapangidwe lithosphere lapansi. M'zigawo za ureniamu miyala ikuchitika m'njira zitatu. Mwanzeru phokoso kusankha item ku thanthwe pamene wokhutira ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.05-0.5%. Pali wanga, miyala ndi leach migodi njira. The ntchito ya aliyense wa iwo zimadalira zikuchokera isotopes ndi kuya thanthwe. Akuphwanya ureniamu miyala zotheka pakuwonekera osaya. Osachepera wakhudzana. Palibe vuto ndi njira za - ankagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto okonzera, loaders, magalimoto ndi zina zonyasa.

Anga kupanga - imavuta kwambiri. Njira ntchito zofunda item pa akuya makilomita mpaka 2, ndi viability zachuma. Mtundu ayenera muli ndi mkulu wa ndende ureniamu kuti apange anali oyenera. Mu m'ngalande chitetezo pazipita, ichi ndi chifukwa njira ncho ureniamu miyala mobisa. Antchito Amawapatsa zozitetezera, ntchito mosamalitsa okha. Mines okonzeka ndi chimakweza, kumatheka mpweya wabwino.

Leaching - Njira yachitatu - ndi aukhondo zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha wogwila ntchito makampani migodi. Kudutsa mu kachitidwe zitsime amawapopa mu wapadera mankhwala njira. Amasungunula mu nkhokwe ndi ladzala ndi mankhwala ureniamu. Yankho ndiye amawapopa kunja ndipo anatumizidwa ku zomera processing. Njira imeneyi patsogolo kwambiri, akhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zachuma, ngakhale ntchito angapo zofooka.

Madipoziti ku Ukraine

Dzikoli wachimwemwe mwini madipoziti amafotokozera imene kutulutsa mafuta nyukiliya. Malinga Zoneneratu, ndi Chiyukireniya ureniamu ores muli matani 235 a zipangizo. Panopa yekha tinalandira chitsimikiziro cha gawo, yomwe ili pafupi 65 matani. A kuchuluka kwa kale. Mbali ya ureniamu ntchito mu dziko, ena zimagulitsidwa.

Gawo lalikulu imatengedwa kuti ndi Kirovograd ureniamu miyala dera. Okhutira ureniamu ndi zazing'ono - kuchokera 0,05 kuti 0,1% pa tani thanthwe, kotero mtengo zakuthupi ndi mkulu. Chifukwa, analandira yaiwisi zipangizo kuwombola mu Russia kumaliza zinthu mafuta mphamvu.

Gawo wachiwiri kukula ndi Novokonstantinovskoye. The zili ureniamu pathanthwe kuchepetsa mtengo poyerekeza ndi Kirovograd pafupifupi 2 zina. Komabe, ndi 90 ntchentche za chitukuko sichichitika, mabomba onse anasefukira. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa asapita ndale ndi Russia, Ukraine ukanakhalabe popanda mafuta zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya.

Russian ureniamu miyalayo

Ureniamu migodi ya ku Russia ndi ku malo chachisanu mwa mayiko ena. The ambiri otchuka ndi amphamvu - izo Khiagdinskoe, Kolichkanskoe, Istochnoye, Koretkondinskoye, Namarusskoe, Dobrynskii (Republic of Buryatia), Argun, Zherlovoye (Chita Region). M'dera Chita ali yotengedwa 93% ya onse ureniamu Russian opangidwa (makamaka ntchito ndi migodi njira).

A osiyana pang'ono zilili ndi madipoziti mu Buryatia ndi Kurgan. Ureniamu miyala mu Russia mu zigawo izi kumachitika m'njira kuti amalola kuti wachotsa zopangira leaching.

Total madipoziti mu Russia ndi olosera matani 830 a ureniamu, watsimikizira nkhokwe matani pafupifupi 615. Iwo ali madipoziti ku Yakutia, Karelia ndi madera ena. Popeza ureniamu ndi njira zipangizo lonse yaiwisi, manambala zingakhale zolakwika chifukwa zambili anawagawira, kupeza iwo ali chabe gulu lina la anthu.