Verkhoyansk ndi Oymyakon? Ali mzati ozizira a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi?

Cold mzati wa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ili mu zone ya nyengo zikuchepa chokhala. Pakuti ufulu otchedwa choncho kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, kukangana mzinda Verkhoyansk ndi mudzi Oymyakon, gawo la Republic la Sakha (Yakutia). Posachedwapa sanachedwe kuvomereza mkangano kuthetsa Tomtor, ili 20 Km from m'mudzi wa Oymyakon.

Oika Yakutia: mwachidule

Malo Hrs wa dziko (kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa Arctic Circle - 66 ° 33'44 ") ndi mtunda ake ndi mafunde ofunda (Gulf Stream) chafotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa otsika kutentha, kotero mzati ozizira a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndi uko. Oika kumtunda kufika Republic lili pa promontory Noordwijk (74 ° N ..), The kum'mwera - ndi kumalire ndi dera Amur a msana (55 ° N ..).

The Republic of Sakha (kapena Sakha Respublikata Yakut) - yaikulu m'dera la utsogoleri-Kupititsa chilli, osati Russia, koma padziko lonse lapansi, ndi nkhani pafupifupi chachisanu cha Russian Federation (Yakutia - makilomita lalikulu miliyoni 3.1, ku Russia - oposa mamiliyoni 17,1 makilomita lalikulu ).

peresenti makumi anai a m'gawo mabwalo a lili Arctic, ndiye pamwamba pa Arctic Circle.

Yakutia - ndi 25% ya diamondi ndi opangidwa mu dziko, ndi chifukwa cha iwo amakonda kuvala zodzikongoletsera olemera choncho ŵakusanga mu nkhani iyi fashionista dziko.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha Republic - Yakut (pafupifupi 46%), Russian (pafupifupi 42%), Ukrainians (4%), Evenki (2%) Evens (monga pa 1%). Chiwerengero cha anthu - anthu pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi.

Nyengo ya Republic, kumene kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ozizira mzati

Only nyengo kwambiri singalifotokoze chakuti mzati ozizira lili Yakutia. Zikuchepa chokhala ndi nyengo ya kum'mwera kwa Republic akulowa subarctic, ndiyeno Arctic pa gombe la nyanja ya Arctic.

Kufatsa wachibale wa kutentha yozizira (-35 ...- 25 ° C), mphepo, chinyezi gombe kumpoto Siyanitsani zikuchepa ndi zinthu chokhala wa Yakutia dera pafupi Arctic Circle ndi kum'mwera. Zima kutentha zosiyanasiyana kuti gawo makamaka osiyanasiyana -55 ...- 35 ° C, ndi chisanu ndi zazing'ono - masentimita makumi atatu okha. Chotero chodabwitsa monga kuzizira chifunga (timibulu zing'onozing'ono), izo zimapezeka gawo chokhala wa Republic of Sakha.

Malo ozizira zokambirana ili pafupi Verkhoyansk ndi Ojmjakon kumene kutentha akhoza kusiya kwa -70 ° C. Chilimwe ndi zizindikiro thermometer (ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa) Mwina mbakwira +30 ° C. Chonchi pachaka kutentha fluctuation (zana madigiri) anali silinkachitidwa mfundo ina ya Earth.

Verkhoyansk - kuboma kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ozizira mzati

Verhoyanskay (Yakut) - mmodzi wa kumpoto kwambiri (kudera lozizira), ndi nambala zing'onozing'ono mizinda Russian (wachitatu kuchokera mapeto): amakhala anthu 1.150 yekha. Mukhoza kuchikwaniritsa motere: ndege yoyamba ku Moscow ku Yakutsk, ndiye commuter ndege pa mtsinje Lena ndi Verkhoyansk manambala kumudzi Batagai (ndi pakati pa Verkhoyansk ulus (chigawo)), kenako priming kuti Verkhoyansk. Airfield mu mzinda, kapena kani, zilibe ntchito - chinatsekedwa pansi ndi kugwa kwa USSR.

Moyo zovuta miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya chaka (October kuti April) yozizira, thermometer akutsikira ku opanda madigiri 67 Celsius.

Spring chisanu ayamba kusungunuka, ndipo ngati munthu alibe M'sitolo nyanja ndi ayezi (pano nambala yaikulu iwo), pamenepo padzakhala palibe kumwa - madzi anasungunuka ndi mitambo, koma usodzi kwambiri.
Verhojansk mbiri yake inayamba monga kuthetsa Cossack, ndiye anakhala malo ukapolo akaidi ambiri andale. Mmodzi wa iwo, S. F. Kovalik, mu chaka cha 1885, January lakhumi, m'kaundula (olembedwa mu magazini nyengo siteshoni kuonerera) osachepera mpweya kutentha pa -67,1 ° C. A kutentha akadali m'munsi tinaonera 1892: -67,8 ° C. Mu 2005, pambuyo Polemba kutentha wotsikitsitsa mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, akuluakulu a mzinda ndi kumanga zolengeza.

Verkhoyanskiy Museum of History Local "Pole wa Cold"

Kuyambira mu 1957, sukulu (iye anali yekha mumzinda) anayamba kusonkhanitsa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho pa mbiri ya deralo. Pa mfundo imeneyi, pali m'dera mbiri owonetsera zakale lero. M'nyumbayi chionetsero - "mzati wa ozizira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi Russia" - khalidwe la mbiriyakale ya zipangizo wapadera siteshoni aerogidrometeorologicheskoy lidatseguka Verkhoyansk.

M'nyumbayi ndi chidwi kuwonetsera kwa zinthu ya cholowa chikhalidwe Verkhoyansk Yakuts ndi okhalamo wakale - yurt - pafupi ndi zovuta zazikulu.

Ojmjakon chifukwa alendo kupita kumeneko

Pa dzina nduna - mzati ozizira a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi - ndipo akudzitengera Ojmjakon. mudzi ili pansipa Arctic Circle, koma pali zinthu zambiri aakulu yozizira Verkhoyansk. Oymyakon Village lili phiri m'chigwa, komwe usiku panja watsika ndi stagnates apo, limafotokoza udindo wa mzati wa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ozizira, ngakhale kuboma. kuzipenya nyengo si imachitika m'mudzi wa Oymyakon, ndi pabwalo la ndege la dzina yemweyo (40 Km from kumudzi 2 Km from m'mudzi Tomtor).

Monga mzati ozizira a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, Ojmjakon katswiri mwa alendo ndi mogwira mtima kuposa momwe Verhojansk ndege kumathandiza kuti kupambana mofulumira cholinga.
M'mudzi Tomtor (kumene anali kutumikira zaka ziwiri zapitazi ukapolo wolemba V. Shalamov) chaka msonkhano alendo, ndi Oimyakon chaka kusonkhanitsa kusonkhana Santas.

Schools otsekedwa nthawi yozizira, pamene kutentha ikagwa -56 ° C.

Dzina Oymyakon amatanthauza "sanali kuzizira madzi" - kaya jest, kapena ulemu wa m'deralo masika otentha.

Asayansi ndiribe anaganiza m'tauni iti titchedwe mzati ozizira a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi: mwina Ojmjakon kapena Tomtor kapena Verkhoyansk.