Akhungu - chogwirika dongosolo kujambula ntchito mabuku, zolemba, ndalama ndi zinthu zina kwa anthu akhungu ndi bwinobwino. anasonyeza chifukwa ZOKHA zochokera akhungu, anthu akhungu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ndi njira zina zamakono. Muzilemba ndi kudzera zipangizo zapadera monga kope kunyamula kapena akhungu kiyibodi.
Akhungu chikutchedwa mlengi wake - ndi France Louis akhungu, amene anali wakhungu ana chifukwa choipa. Mu 1824, ndili ndi zaka 15, anali ndi wosasintha kwa zilembo French monga kusintha kwa asilikali luso usiku kuwerenga. Publication a dongosolo lino, yomwe kenako m'gulu kalembedwe nyimbo, chinachitika mu 1829 kusindikiza kwachiwiri, lofalitsidwa mu 1837, anakhala munthu woyamba bayinare dongosolo umboni.
Zilembo za anthu akhungu ndi zizindikiro, ndi mawonekedwe a midadada amakona anayi (maselo) ndi madontho otukukira kunja. chiwerengero ndi malo mfundo zimenezi kusiyanitsa kalata wina ndi mzake. Popeza akhungu kwalembedwa machitidwe galamafoniyo alipo, kuti ndi chiwerengero cha anthu otchulidwa imasiyana malingana chinenero. Ndiyamika mapulogalamu, luso kubereka phokoso la lemba, ntchito wosasintha ali utachepa kwambiri. The ABCs a akhungu akupitiriza zimapezeka mu chitukuko cha luso kuwerenga ana akhungu, ndi kulemba angadwale mlingo wa ntchito pakati pa anthu olumala.
Akhungu inachokera pa cipher asilikali, otchedwa "usiku kulemba" mwakuchita Sharlem Barbe poyankha kufunika kusinthitsa mudziwe usiku, popanda kukopa tcheru mdani mwa phokoso kapena kuwala. Dongosolo Barbier ya madontho anakweza 12 Chofanana mmodzi wa 36 phokoso. Njira wakanidwa ndi asilikali, monga anatsimikizira kukhala wovuta usilikali. Mu 1821 Barbier anapita Institute Royal kwa akhungu ku Paris, komwe anakapeza Louis akhungu. Akhungu taonera awiri zovuta kwambiri kwa cipher izi. Choyamba, walembapo mogwirizana ndi phokoso okha, choncho sangathe kusonyeza kalembedwe orthographic. Chachiwiri, zizindikiro za madontho 12 anakweza anali aakulu kwambiri kuzindikira ndi kukhudza popanda kusuntha chala chanu, chimene kwambiri chimasokoneza ndondomeko kuwerenga. Akhungu ndi kusinthidwa mmene khungu mfundo 6 zizigwirizana makalata munthu wa zilembo.
Poyamba, akhungu m'gulu okha zilembo French, koma posakhalitsa panali ya achidule, acronyms ndipo ngakhale logograms amene anagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo yabwino. Today akhungu ndi zinthu pawokha kulemba dongosolo kwa akhungu, osati malamulo mawu kalembedwe. Pali magulu atatu a m'lemba. Choyamba ntchito ndi anthu amene ali kuyambira kungowerenga m'zilembo za anthu akhungu, ndipo imakhala makalata ndi zizindikiro zopumira. Ambiri ndi mlingo wachiwiri, kumene kuli kuchepetsedwa pofuna kupulumutsa danga pa tsamba. Pasanathe ambiri, mungapeze mlingo lachitatu, pamene mawu lonse ndi kuchepetsedwa makalata ochepa kapena olembedwa ndi makhalidwe wapadera.