Verviers - ndi dera wakale

Mawu akuti "chingwe" akhala tsopano bwino angatchedwe historicism, koma sayenera chifukwa kuti timudziwe bwino magwero ake ndi tanthauzo, chifukwa mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mbiri ndi chitukuko cha Russia.

tanthauzo

Olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri amanena kuti mawu nalosa ndi dera wakale umene unalipo ku dera la Russia ndi Croatia. etymology zachokera pa miyambo yakale ya anthu kukondwerera iwo anali ndi malo chingwe. Mtundu wa dera amatchulidwa "Russian Choonadi" - Chikalata zofunika za Kievan Lazaro, komanso mu Chikolowesha poljica lamulo, amene ali wamkulu malamulo chipilala yaing'ono malo Croatia (pa gombe Dalmatian).

kusanduka

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti chingwe pachiyambi anali consanguineous kwambiri bungwe, ndipo kenako mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana umoyo ndi zachuma wakhala kampani unakhazikitsidwa kale, kani, pa oyandikana nawo mfundo, ie, yoperekedwa kwa anthu ake ogwirizana ndi kokha malo apamtima okhala.

Makamaka mwachangu kuteteza maganizo awo ndi asayansi amene ali odzipereka kumbali ya m'deralo. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu - chakuti gulu akhoza kutchedwa zambiri kupata ndi mbiri yakale safuna kuvomereza mfundo yakuti mitundu ina anali olemera kuposa anthu Russia. Popeza chingwe - ndi bungwe la strata zosiyanasiyana zokhudza anthu, pa nthawi lasintha zosiyanasiyana.

etymology

Akatswiri, nayenso, anayamba kuphunzira chiyambi cha mawu, kupereka zolondola zokhudza mbiri ya zinthu zosiyana. Kunapezeka kuti sanali mwangozi dzina mudera ndi consonant ndi mawu akuti "chingwe".

Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mayanjano amenewa anamanga mfundo ya co-okhala, ngati wa Asilavo wakale ndi anthu ena anali ndi chizolowezi kuyeza katundu wawo mothandizidwa ndi zingwe za kutalika ena Choncho, n'zotheka kuti Motero mawu akuti "chingwe". Tanthawuzo la "chingwe" yosungidwa zikalata wa chigawo Astrakhan za m'ma XIX. Ndiye anali ndi muyeso wolingana fathoms lalikulu 1850. The ndondomeko akayezetsa m'dziko anati: "The vervovat" ndi "Verov".

"Russian Choonadi" ndi poljica lamulo

Monga taonera, m'madera osiyanasiyana a zamoyo izi m'dera zinachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale amaganiza kuti chingwe - bungwe zochokera zikulumikizana zimakhalira, kenako kaphatikizidwe mfundo ya kusintha. Mu "Choonadi Russian" limanena kuti alimi akumidzi anali sayendera zikulumikizana magazi, ndipo poljica lamulo ananena kuti pali kokha chifooke Mbali imeneyi, koma ena zinthu akadali zimasungika.

"Russian Choonadi" akufotokoza dongosolo chikhalidwe, ndi zambiri olemera kuposa amene watchulidwa mu poljica lamulo. Koma zikusiyana ichi mosavuta anafotokoza. Mbali munthu wa "Choonadi Russian" amanena za anthu a VIII-XII zaka, pamene poljica lamulo limafotokoza kapangidwe ka zaka XV-XVII.

udindo losonkhanitsidwa

Mu "Russian Choonadi" limanena kuti chingwe - m'dera akumidzi a anthu amene mumakhala ku dera lalikulu. Ngakhale kuti anthu ake zosagwirizana ndi magazi, pali pakati pa iwo ndi udindo mgwirizano, chimene chimafuna aliyense kuti ayang'ane kwa mbala ndipo amachititsa kupha la chilamulo. Pali zinthu zina zimene anali kusunga chingwe. Atsimikiza ndi akuluakulu.

mtundu uliwonse wa dera analimbikitsa chitukuko cha zinthu zokhudza akale. Inde, chimodzimodzi akhapokanyisana pyakuti ndi chingwe. Ilo linali gulu la anthu, amene ali ovuta kulankhula bwino. Kodi bwinobwino ndi chakuti chingwe anali kugwirizana china mu chitukuko cha mbiri Russian ndi amadza zabwino pa izo.