Social Democrat August Bebel: yonena, zimaonetsa zinthu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Wandale ndi wolemba August Bebel anabadwa February 22, 1840 mu mzinda German wa Cologne. Iye anali mwana wa osauka sanali analamula kapitawo. Bambo ake anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu pamene mnyamata wamng'ono kwambiri. Amake amasiye anagwidwa ndi mwana m'tauni Hessian wa Wetzlar. Pali August Bebel anapita ku sukulu.

mapangidwe

Mu zaka 14, Socialist tsogolo anayamba kuphunzira luso lathe. tsiku Lake ntchito inatenga maola 14. Mu nthawi yochepa ufulu wachinyamata ndinawerenga kwambiri, kungolandira m'buku pambuyo buku. ntchito amalikonda ndi mabuku "Robinson Crusoe" ndi "kanyumba Amalume Tom." Buku lomaliza inapatulidwa vuto la ukapolo ku America. Choncho, ngakhale zolembalemba kukoma kudana zimasonyeza achinyamata Bebel chilungamo chikhalidwe.

Phunzirani, wolemba tsogolo anakhala zambiri woyendayenda. Kuyendayenda anaponya zosiyanasiyana malo, koma mapeto, iye anakakhala ku Leipzig. Pa ulendo August Bebel adawola zinachitikira kuti zooneka monga munthu. Kugwira ntchito journeyman woyendayenda, iye anali nthawi yaitali zimene akuluakulu, amene pambuyo pa 1848 zisinthe.

Chiyambi cha zinthu zosangalatsa

Pamene August Bebel ankakhala ku Leipzig (1860), onse mu Germany anali kunachokera chitsitsimutso cha zandale. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kunyanyala ndi zitsanzo lova. kusakhutira unali likulu osati Leipzig komanso Berlin ndi Elberfeld. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi, ngati bowa pambuyo mvula anayamba kutuluka mabungwe ogwira ntchito. Mu 1861 Bebel Avgust limodzi ndi ntchito zamanja Maphunziro Society.

gulu anapanga Turner wotchuka. Iye si anaphunzira kwambiri komanso anakhala kuchita zonse poyera. Posachedwa Bebel anali m'gulu kasamalidwe kampani. Koma zikhumbo sanamulole kukhala pa ntchito yophunzitsa. Mu 1866, Bebel, pamodzi ndi Vilgelmom Libknehtom anayambitsa chipani Achisaxon anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo wandale anakhala wapampando wa Bungwe la mabungwe ntchito.

mfundo za zokomera

Pa udindo wake watsopano August Bebel anapita pa rapprochement ndi la International Choyamba. zochita zake zinamuika mkangano waukulu mu chipani. Chifukwa, izo linagawanika. Mu 1869, Bebel anatenga helm chatsopano Social-Democratic Labor Party, amene wakhala flagship ya kumanzere-phiko mfundo Germany. mfundo Ntchito anali ofunika kwambiri ku mbali zake zonse ndi anzake. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi osachepera chakuti Karl Marx ankaona kuti iye ndi mtsogoleri wotchuka kwambiri wa German Social Democracy.

Ngakhale mu chisankho cha 1867 ku Reichstag wa North German Union, lomwe August Bebel anasankhidwa. mfundo yonena ndi chitsanzo cha moyo wa munthu, mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo maganizo awo. Mkati mwa nkhondo yolimbana France, Bebel anapereka kulankhula moto umene iye ankalimbikitsidwa mtendere ndi French, chifukwa cha umodzi wa antchito a m'mayiko onse. Kuti wokamba izi mlandu wa kuukira boma mkulu. Pa mlandu Leipzig August Bebel Social Democrat m'ndende kwa zaka ziwiri.

chizunzo

M'ndende, zambiri za ndondomeko kudzifunsa kuti, ngakhale anamangidwa, iye anatha yocheza ndi phindu. Posachedwa Bebel anatulutsidwa m'ndende ndipo anapitiriza kumenyera ufulu wa antchito. Mu 1878 iye anachotsedwa Leipzig anabereka mwana. Chifukwa mphamvu ya kupondereza anali "Anti-Socialist Chilamulo." chikalata ichi, yolembedwa ndi Kaiser Wilhelm Ine, analetsa ntchito leftist chipani kunja yamalamulo.

Bebel anayamba kukhala Borsdorf. Iye anapitiriza kuyenda dziko ndi kuchita theka malamulo Party ntchito, amene anali kawiri alamulidwa stints lalifupi m'ndende. Publication wa 70s ndipo 80s. anasonyeza amene August Bebel ku mfundo maganizo a view. Iye anali wothandiza tchalitchi cha Karla Marksa ndi malingaliro ake akupezeka "Capital". Bebel anatsutsa revisionism mu sosholisimu ndiye German, cholinga kubwerezanso maziko a chiphunzitso cha kumanzere.

"Mkazi ndi Socialism"

Ambiri aphorisms ndi ogwidwa Avgusta Bebelya anadziwika mabuku ake. Waukulu ndi chidwi kwambiri ntchito ya wolemba tinganene kuti buku "Mkazi ndi Socialism," yofalitsidwa mu 1878. Bukuli linali chifukwa cha zaka zambiri ntchito. Back mu 1869 Bebel anali yamalamulo choyamba mu Reichstag ankanena za chitetezo malamulo a ntchito akazi.

Author za nkhondo proletarian zotsutsana bourgeois feminism. Malinga Bebel, sanali angathe kuthetsa anthu a kudalira chuma akazi pa anthu, ntchito akazi ukapolo, uhule ndi tsankho kugonana banja wamba. Cholinga chachikulu cha Socialists mu zinthu izi wolemba ankaona kukwaniritsa kusasiyana pakati. Mu bukuli, mwini, pa dzanja limodzi, anafotokoza mbiri udindo wa akazi mu anthu, ndi pa zina - anafotokoza zolinga za owatsatira awo ndi ntchito za amayi. bukhu lofalitsidwa chabe patatha chaka "Chilamulo Anti-Socialist." Choncho, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo maonekedwe ake anakhala kudzipatula ndi akuluakulu. Komabe, kwa buku lino Bebel Tizitha kukula mu kutchuka.

antimilitarist

Mu 1889, izo unakhazikitsidwa ndi Chachiwiri International. Ntchito za zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Bebel anali makamaka m'gulu ili. Anzake a kayendedwe Social-Democratic padziko lonse kumukhulupirira ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Bebel, zilolezo thanzi, nthawi zonse nawo Congress wa International. Makamaka zogwira anali anachitapo mu 1904 pa msonkhano ku Amsterdam.

Ndipo mu 1907 ku Stuttgart Bebel kamodzinso, monga m'zaka za unyamata wake, atadzudzulidwa kwambiri kumbali ya nkhondo. Pa msonkhano anapezeka ndi Russian émigré Vladimir Lenin. Mtsogoleri wa Bolsheviks, komanso Roza Lyuksemburg ndi Menshevik Julius Martov anapanga kusinthidwa angapo kusamvana Bebel ngakhale kuti anavomera. Baibulo yomaliza ya chikalata anaitana anthu ogwira ntchito nkhani ya ngozi nkhondo kuteteza maganizo awo kutsogolo kwa akuluakulu awo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira sanali aphungu a nkhondoyo.

Imfa komanso zotsatira

Bebel anamwalira pa August 13, 1913 Swiss mzinda Passugge. Malinga ndi chifuniro cha malamulo, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Zurich. Pa kuchoka kwake maliro osati Germany komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri padziko lonse. Misonkhano pokumbukira zokomera m'njira Russia, America, ndipo ngakhale Australia. Obituaries kumbuyo proletariat ndi anasindikizidwa mu mapepala onse ntchito.

About Bebel analankhula ndi ulemu waukulu Lenin ndi Bolsheviks ena. Iwo akatulukire kwa lingaliro la kusapeŵeka kwa ulimi zokomera. wandale amakhulupirira kanthu zida ndi akuluakulu kufunika kosiya moyo wa zochepa kukhulupirira kuti kumanzere akhoza kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo kudzera aphungu. Komanso, Bebel anachenjeza kuti aboma kusaka makamaka kalasi ntchito kukaphedwa imperialist, pamene mlingo wa kalasi incandescence anthu European ukufika malire. Pachifukwa ichi kapena china, koma First World nkhondo kwenikweni anayamba kokha pachaka pambuyo pa imfa ya zokomera wotchuka.