Udindo Hrs wa Nizhny Novgorod. Distance kwa Moscow wotsika Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - mzinda kwambiri pachiyambi, ndi mwini wapadera njira yake yapadera ya moyo Komabe, mu njira zambiri zofanana waukulu ena Volga. Lang'anani, ali mmodzi wa iwo kunyadira mu Russia.

Nizhny Novgorod; malo, kudzilemekeza

mzinda ili mu gawo European wa dziko, kumene Oka ndi Volga kuphatikiza. Ndi likulu la dera Nizhny Novgorod, likulu la za Volga Federal District. Kuyambira 1932 mpaka mu 1990, ankatchedwa Gorky. Population -. 1280 zikwi anthu (monga 2009 deta, lili pa nambala 5 latsopano la Russia). Yaikulu mafakitale, mayendedwe, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe likulu la dziko.

Udindo Hrs wa Nizhny Novgorod

Anthu amene ali ndi chidwi mmene kupeza Nizhny Novgorod pa mapu a Russia, muyenera kudziwa kuti mzinda lili pa onse magombe a pa Oka Mtsinje. The mtsinje ukugawa kukhala mbali. m'kamwa mwake ndi malo zojambula za East European Plain. Pa ufulu mofanana Nizhny Novgorod ndi midzi monga Bratsk, Sergiev Posad, Krasnoyarsk, Ekaterinburg, Rzhev. midzi yapafupi ndi: Bogorodsk, Dzerzhinsk, Bor, Kstovo. M'munsi dera 410 sq. m. Pa gombe lamanja la Oka kufalitsa Dyatlova mapiri wotchuka. Ndi mbali ya mzinda, inali m'mphepete lamanja, imatchedwa kuti Ulaliki. kutalika kwake pamwamba pa nyanja - 100-200 mamita kutalika kumanzere banki -. Zarechny - 70-80 m, ndi zambiri osaya.

Nizhny Novgorod moyenerera amatchedwa "mzinda wa nyanja ndi mitsinje." Kuwonjezera pa Volga ndi Oka m'gawo lake ndi anawoloka ndi mitsinje khumi ndi mitsinje yaing'ono. Mu mzinda muli ku nyanja makumi atatu, yaikulu imene ndi Mesherskoye (Kanavinsky chigawo). Moscow nthawi ntchito pano. Onse m'dera mzinda: UTC + 3 m'chilimwe: UTC + 4. M'munsi kuimba code: +7 831 Car: 52-152

History: The maziko a mzinda

Mutu: "Udindo Hrs wa Nizhny Novgorod" ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi funso la zapitazi za m'mbiri. Tsiku la mzinda - mu 1221. tate wake - Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Chifukwa malo pambuyo pake mumzinda wa Novgorod Wamkulu dzina lake Nizhny Novgorod. Poyamba, iye anali mfundo amphamvu a chitetezo cha Vladimir ukulu kwa Adani.

Mu 1341, iye anakhala likulu la Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod ukulu. Nizhny Novgorod pa mapu a Russia mu Buku la mapu mbiri kuwalitsa malire a maiko Russian a nthawi imeneyo, chimakwirira kudera pakati pa Mtsinje. Sura kummawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera - p. Ataledzera ndipo p. Sergei. Kumadzulo ali malire zachilengedwe Oka. Malirewo wakumpoto wa ukulu anali Kerzhenets mtsinje, ndipo Vetluga Unzha. Zotsalira za m'malinga, outposts (anatumikira kutetezeredwa malire a ukulu) ndipo tsopano likupezeka kubwerezanso malo.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu, m'dziko la centralization pakati Russia, Nizhny Novgorod anali linalanda kwa Moscow ukulu. Kufunika kwa mzinda wa asilikali olondera kumudzi malire kum'mawa kwa Moscow ukulu udali waukulu ndithu. Pokonza makampeni a mu wotsika pa nthawi kusonkhanitsa asilikali. Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitetezo mphamvu ya Kremlin matabwa anamangidwanso. Mu malo ake anamangidwira mwala, omwe anakhala chizindikiro cha Nizhny Novgorod.

"Nthawi ya Mavuto"

Nthawiyi imatengedwa wofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya mzinda waukulu, ndi kusintha wanu pamalo dera limene Nizhny Novgorod. Mu Nthawi ya Mavuto pakati pa asilikali Nizhny Novgorod unapangidwa bungwe, lotsogoledwa Nizhny Novgorod Kuzma Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky. Chifukwa asilikali Moscow anamasulidwa kwa adani Polish, amene anagwira likulu.

M'zaka za m'ma 17, panali kusiyana magawano mpingo, pafupi Nizhny Novgorod, pa gombe la mtsinje, ndi ena anakakhala Kerzhenets osafuna kusintha. Pa dera Nizhny Novgorod anabadwa atsogoleri otchuka mpingo wa m'nthawi imeneyo - mabishopu, Nikon ndi Avvakum, amene anatenga kugawanika udindo osiyana.

Mu 1719, pa kusintha kwa Petro Ine, Nizhny Novgorod walandira udindo wa mzinda zigawo.

XIX atumwi chitukuko mofulumira chuma ndi malonda

The yabwino Hrs udindo wa Nizhny Novgorod anali chifukwa cha m'ma XIX zimayamba ndi chitukuko mofulumira chuma ndi malonda. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti mu nthawi imeneyi Makarios mu Nizhny Novgorod anavutika zolowa lalikulu chilungamo zake zotchuka. Kuyambira pamenepo, mzinda unadziwika ngati "thumba la Russia." M'midzi, osiyana ndi Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavino ndi Sormovo chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa mbali ina ya mzinda, chitukuko yogwira makampani walandira. M'zaka za m'ma 19 (zaka 60) sitima unachitikira kuno. Mu 1896 anaonekera galimoto yoyamba.

Yogwira chitukuko cha chuma zinaonetsera chiwerengero cha m'mbali mwa anthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu a Nizhny Novgorod chawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 19 (14 chikwi.) Kuti 1913 (111 zikwi.).

owawa

mphamvu Soviet chigawo anali anathetsa. Pakatikati pa tawuni anali lidzasinthidwa Nizhegorodschiny. Mu 1932, a Nizhny Novgorod polemekeza wotchuka wolemba-countryman M. Gorky analandira dzina lake. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwira ntchito yake GAZ galimoto Mmera wonse, umene tsopano ndi mzinda wa makampani waukulu. Mu 30s wa makampani m'zaka 20 kukhala makamaka mofulumira. Ndi 1941 (chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo), Gorky inasandulika chilikati waukulu mafakitale Soviet Union. Pakutha pa 30 chiwerengero mzindawo chawonjezeka mpaka zokwana 643 pakati zikwi. Anthu.

nkhondo

Pa nkhondo Gorky umabala kuchuluka yaikulu yolimbanirana ndi zida za nkhondo. The GAZ wotchuka ndi limodzi mwa nyumba yaikulu mafakitale chitetezo.

Mu zaka za nkhondo itatha, Gorky anayamba kupanga sayansi, mafakitale, chikhalidwe ndi zoyendera pakati.

m'munsi lero

Mu 90 oyambirira a anthu a mumzindawo kuti anafikira anthu 1.435.000. (4 TH malo latsopano la Russia). Mu 1990, Nizhny Novgorod dzina mbiri anabwezedwa. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha nyengo atsopano a mbiri yake.

Lero, Nizhny Novgorod ndi malo yaikulu mafakitale luso zambiri, maphunziro ndi sayansi. mzinda amakopa alendo ambiri zipilala zake chikhalidwe, mbiri yakale komanso kamangidwe kake. Ndi chigamulo cha UNESCO, Nizhny Novgorod anagwirizana mndandanda olemekezeka a mizinda zana mu dziko ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'mbiri komanso chikhalidwe.

Administrative magawano

Oka Nizhny Novgorod ukugawa m'magulu 2. Mwalamulo iwo amatchedwa Nagorno Zarechnoye ndi zigawo utsogoleri. Modern dongosolo oyang'anira mu Nizhny Novgorod anali potsiriza anapanga mu 1970. mzinda lero lagawidwa m'zigawo 8. Lamapiri District imakhala malo atatu: Union, Nizhny Novgorod ndi Prioksky. Mu Zarechny zikuphatikizapo Sormovskiy, Kanavinsky, Leninsky, Avtozavodskaya ndi Moscow dera.

Nizhny Novgorod, ogaŵikana awiri Oka, ali maudindo ena chikhalidwe. Amakhala mbali ziwiri, monga anthu ake - ndi "chapamwamba" (Aka - "mzinda") ndi "pansi". Choncho mu chinenero Nizhny Novgorod wotchedwa awiri mzinda pagombe.

Kapangidwe ka malo amenewa anaphatikizapo khumi midzi: Near mudzi wa Konstantinovo, Beshentsevo, Kuznechikha, Mordvintseva, Lyakhov, Olgino, New, Novopokrovskiy, refurbish (Sloboda); midzi: Ray Birch ndi floodplain, "wakunja kwatawuni" (Uchkhoz), Green City (tchuthi cisa).

Yaikulu ya m'madera ndi Avtozavodskii ndi wamng'ono kukula ndipo kuli anthu ambiri mmene - Leninsky m'deralo.

pakati

A woimirira ankaikira distilikiti ndi dera Nizhny Novgorod. Pafupifupi magawo a chigawo ndi pakati mbiri ya mzindawo. Nizhniy Novgorod ayenera kunyadira zokonda zake. Mwa iwo pali ena ofunika chisamaliro chapadera.

Iwo kalekale pakati (Nizhny Novgorod alendo amauza alendo pano) Amakhala ndi magawo angapo:

• Kremlin (ili pa phiri Zonse).
• Posad chapamwamba (kum'mwera pafupi ndi boma la Russia).
• M'munsi Posad (ili pa magombe a Oka ndi Volga mitsinje).
• Zapochaine (zosiyana chapamwamba posadas Pochaina m'mbali mwa mtsinje).
• Sikalopu (pa Yarilin phiri).
• Yatsopano yomanga (Kumwera Great-burg).
• Sloboda: Panskaya, Annunciation, NYAKHONDO, Akulinina.

Makamaka otchuka pakati alendo mu malo oyamba, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, zida ndi nsanja zambirimbiri. m'gawo lake ndi Mikayeli Mkulu wa Angelo Cathedral, anamanga cha m'ma 16. Chapakati lalikulu - sq. Minin ndi Pozharsky - amatenga Dmitrovskaya nsanja, "khomo lalikulu" kuti boma la Russia. Nearby msewu akuyamba. Pokrovskaya, ndi amakonda kuyenda malo alendo ndi osakhalitsa wa Nizhny Novgorod okha.

M'misewu pakati pa deralo Nizhny Novgorod, dera Minin, Pokrovskaya, embankment Fyodorovsky ndi Upper Volga osati mmaso, koma iwo akhoza kukuuzani zambiri zokhudza mbiri ya mzinda. Kudadziwika Russia Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, Chkalov masitepe, Comedy Theatre, Opera ndipo Ballet Theatre, Drama Theatre ndi mbali chabe ya zokopa tsiku amakopa alendo ambiri.

Nizhny Novgorod dera - malo yaikulu yomanga nyumba zapamwamba. Kudos dera ndi mtengo wake mkulu, chifukwa kuti mtengo wa nyumba pano ali ku 130 zikwi. Opaka. pa mita lalikulu. Izi kuposa mitengo pafupifupi mu mzinda kuwirikiza kawiri. The nyumba mtengo kwambiri pakati mbiri. Iwo makamaka anayamikira mu Upper Volga embankment: kwa mazenera a nyumba yake amapereka zikusonyeza view wa Volga. M'deralo pali nyumba okonzeka ndi wanzeru aya kasamalidwe dongosolo, dongosolo e-chiphaso, kanema anaziika, penthouses, kulamulira nyengo, ndi zina zotero.

M'misewu, pang'ono kutali kwambiri ku likulu, mungapeze khalidwe koma nyumba angakwanitse kwambiri. Price pa mita lalikulu ena m'dera nyumba pagulu - kuchoka pa 38 000 rubles.

Sormovo

Kumanga mmunsi mwa mzinda zinachitika kenako. m'madera onse anawonekera kuno ndi kumangidwanso mozungulira malo mafakitale - mafakitale. M'munsi gawo - ndi Poyambirira "ntchito" Nizhny Novgorod. Sormovo chigawo, wotchuka chifukwa achepetse ake ntchito, ndi ena, m'gulu la ntchitoyi chigawo Zarechny, tinalengedwa ndi omangirika kuonetsetsa uyende mwa makampani. Anthu akuno chikupezeka ubwino zonse zofunikira: nyumba ndi galaja cooperatives, lotseguka masitolo departmental, maiwe kusambira, etc. amagwiritsidwa pa ..

Achikulire, anthu yoyambirira ya chigawo Sormovo, otchedwa sormovchane amene kuyambira pa unyamata wake, ndi imvi tsitsi anapatsidwa ntchito ku makampani, kumbukirani kuti m'mawa uliwonse anamudzutsa kuyitana fakitale malo, ndi mabusa kwambiri zomera kuyamba kupita ntchito.

Panali nthawi zina pamene kuchepetsa kusowa kwa kayendedwe anthu pakati pa zigawo, kuphatikizapo pakati pa gombe wosiyana mitsinje. Lero motorization ambiri kuonetsetsa gulu yosalala utuluke anthu pa chigawo cha kumtunda m'munsi ndi mosemphanitsa.

Sormovo chigawo anakhala mbali ya Nizhny Novgorod mu 1928. Lisanaperekedwe, ankachitira Balakhninskye dera, mu Komanso, nthawi zina anakhalabe mu udindo wa mzinda ndi yoyenda yokha. Center m'dera ndi shipbuilding chimphona - fakitale "Red Sormovo". Ndi kampani yaikulu kwambiri Russia, umene umabala sitima zankhondo, chochuluka onyamula, ndipo pa nthawi ya nkhondo - akasinja.

The Sormovo ndi: paki, laibulale, ndi mafilimu a kanema, Masitolo, zabwino zoyendera kutonthozana. Mbali A a m'derali kuti pafupi storefronts ndi zokongola ndi nyumba ndi Masitolo masiku ano m'dera yomweyo awiri-storey matabwa "m'chipindacho ogwira ntchito za zana la 19. The nyumba zikuluzikulu ndi 5- ndi 9-storey nyumba anamangidwira pakati pa zana la 20. Derali lili mwayi makamaka wokongola kugula nyumba, umene uli angakwanitse kwambiri mu mzindawo.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, misewu ya Nizhny Novgorod, kumene nyumba ndi nyumba kwambiri wotchipa (kwa 28 pakani 000. Per sq. M) zimapezeka Sormovo. Izi St. Planetary ndi Dubravnaya. Koma ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ali kunja kwa mzinda kwambiri mumzindawo. Malawi kuno ndi wokongola osauka khalidwe. M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti m'dera ozungulira njanji. Kuthetsa pano, muyenera m'mawa uliwonse kuima chotipinga pa kuwoloka.

Moscow m'dera

Kumpoto ndi chigawo Sormovo, kumwera - ndi Kanavinskaya malire Moscow dera. Nizhny Novgorod ali ndi maganizo amanyadira mbiri yake ulemerero amunamuna. No ulemerero pang'ono ndipo yofunika m'dera amasewera mu moyo wamakono wa mzinda.

Analowa zikuchokera m'mudzi Birch floodplain kwambiri elongated kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa malire m'chigawo. Mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa m'gawo lake ndi m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Volga. Chiwerengero cha anthu pano - oposa 12 zikwi anthu, (molingana ndi 2012) .. m'dera Square ndi mahekitala 3, anthu kachulukidwe :. 1 ha - 46 anthu. Dzina bomalo analandira kuchokera Moscow msewu, mu msewu, zomwe ndi mbali ya msewu feduro.

The peculiarity wa dera Moscow ndi ndende yaikulu ya bwino ntchito mabizinezi sayansi ndi mafakitale yotulutsa zipangizo sitima zankhondo, ndege, etc. Ndi ambabzala: Mawotchi Engineering, Aviation ( "Chimphamba"), kutsogolera Russian gulu la kamangidwe ka mphamvu za nyukiliya zomangamanga - OKBM .. Afrikantov ndi ena. Apo kuthetsa antchito amakampani izi, komanso amene amafuna nyumba angakwanitse dera mwachilungamo chete ndi zomangamanga otukuka.

Zosangalatsa m'dera Moscow pali zosangalatsa paki, sitediyamu "Flight" Zoo "Limpopo", yaikulu mu mzinda, amene amakopeka mabanja ndi ana.

Malawi kuno ukufanizidwa yosiyanasiyana zake zonse, koma kulamuliridwa ndi wotchuka Khrushchev. m'nyumba watsopano mukumangidwa si kalikiliki. Mtengo wa nyumba m'dera - kuchokera 38 zikwi rubles.

M'dera la anayamba malonda, zomangamanga ndi zoyendera, chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.

maina msewu

M'misewu ya Nizhny Novgorod zingapo za maudindo kusungidwa kukumbukira zakale. Mwachitsanzo, dzina la msewu. Talus (panopa Piskunov) amachokera ku mawu "talus" (chitunda) ndipo anati chitetezo anamanga pano. Kwambiri, Small ndi 3 Yamskaya Yamskaya dzina la mudzi umene oyendetsa akhala mukukhala. maina Street Kovaliha, Kuznechikha, kupota, chingwe, Trade ndi ena. kusanduka kuchokera ku maphunziro a anthu awo. Pa mtima maina msewu. Otchuka a (October) ndi Meshchanskaya (Abale Matusow) lagona zigawo udindo. maina Street anapatsidwa malinga ndi mayina ili pafupi akachisi chikale: .. Alexander Neva, Protection (Large ndi Small) Tikhonovskaya, Varvarskaya Alekseevskaya, Christmas, etc. Mu zaka Soviet msewu dzina lake polemekeza chosintha: Sverdlov Figner Volodarsky Dzerzhinsky neri Al.

zizindikiro Zip

Akalozera wa Nizhny Novgorod angapezeke ndi kunena za imelo ndodo kapena mwa kutsegula "yunifolomu mndandanda wa zizindikiro positi mzinda" pa webusaiti. Pano mukhoza kuphunzira osati deta mzinda misewu. Onani "Nizhny Novgorod zolozera" zingatipatse imfomeshoni pa mbali ya m'madera mzinda. Ogwiritsa ayenera kudziwa kuti mndandanda woyamba zili akalozera midzi kwapakati, ndiye - mmisewu ndi chiwerengero mayina a misewu ndi anakonza Potengela Zilembo.

Distance kwa Moscow

Anthu ambiri amadabwa ndi mtunda pakati Moscow ndi Nizhny Novgorod. Ena magwero kupereka mayankho zotsutsana. Choncho, munthu kutsogolera deta kuti galimoto pamsewu, mtunda kuchokera Moscow kuti Muzilankhula Novgorod ndi 421 Km, mu molunjika kutalika njira akhoza adzafupikitsidwa (402 km). Kugonjetsa gawo la njira pakati pa wotsika Novgorod ndi Moscow ndi galimoto kwa maola 6 21 min. M'mayiko anatenga dongosolo sanali chinkafunika ya miyeso (patali amayezedwa mailosi) - 262 miles. Ena anenapo kuti mtunda izi galimoto ndi 419 Km. Travel Time - 5 H 42 Mph. mpweya njira kutalika ndi 400 Km. Time - mphindi 40. Ena amati njira yachidule pansi ku Moscow - 413 Km. njira iyi umadutsa mzinda wa Vladimir. Pa galimoto yake tingagonjetse maola 6 ndi mphindi 15. Koma ngati Vladimir kulambalala, mtunda umenewu udzakhala wautali kuposa 3 Km. Zidzakhala 416 Km, ndi ulendo yafupika ndi pafupifupi 25 Mphindi.

Distance kuti St. Petersburg

Osati zosafuni- ndi funso, kodi mtunda kuchokera Nizhny Novgorod kwa St. Petersburg. Distance from Nizhny Novgorod kwa St. Petersburg, monga ife akutsimikizira apaulendo ambiri: panjira - 1 126 kuchokera mu mzere molunjika - 896 Km. Nthawi kugonjetsa mtunda ili pa makina - 16 H 01 min. Malinga ndi dongosolo sanali chinkafunika kutalika kayesedwe njira ndi ku St. Petersburg kuti Nizhny Novgorod - 700 miles.