Vlad Kolosazhatel: yonena, kupambana, bolodi ndi chidwi mfundo

No mbiri ya Ulaya akale ngati wolamulira ena, amene adzakhala atachuluka ndi nthano zina zambiri, monga Vlad III wa, mkulu wa tomwe samveka Wallachia. Komabe, njira yake yapadera kasamalidwe ndi kuphedwa kwa opanduka udachita iye dzina zoipa, ngakhale pakati pa anthu a m'nthawi yake, anazolowera zonse. Zambiri glossed pa zambiri anatulukira, koma Vlad Kolosazhatel, amene yonena ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri, ndi kukhala mu malingaliro apagulu mzukwa yolakwika Werengerani.

Chisokonezo ndi nicknames

Malo wolamulira wa Wallachia, mwina 1430, tsiku lenileni ndi zokaikitsa. Iye akadali ankavala yochepa dzina la Vlad III. Tepes - dzina lakuti, umene anali kupereka ina. Mu Romania amatanthauza "chiwerengero" ndipo anali kupereka kwa iwo chizolowezi zodabwitsa ankapha anthu oipa mu njira iyi.

Panthawiyo bambo ake, Vlad II ankakhala Tigishoare kuti Transylvania. Mai wace akhali Chimoludaviyani kalonga Vasiliki.

Dzina lakuti "Dracula," chimene amadziwika, ndi Tepes lotsatira anatengera bambo ake. "Dracula" Vlad II analitcha chifukwa iye anali membala wa Order wa chinjoka, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Sigismund Chihangare mafumu. Kale hospodar, anayamba ntchito mwakhama fano la chirombo yopeka pa ndalama, zishango heraldic, malaya a manja. Kenako muli dzina lakuti Dracula.

ubwana

Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, tsogolo Vlad Kolosazhatel, amene banja lake kenako kuchuluka atabadwa Radu mwana wina, amakhala ndi mayi, bambo ake ndi abale mu Tigishoare kuti Transylvania. Vlad II anali ndiye wopanda mpando wachifumu wa mfumu ndipo anasamukira ku Wallachia.

The nkhani zandale m'chigawo zinali zovuta kwambiri zaka. Little Wallachia mu zaka anali atasenza pakati pa Catholic Hungary ndi Muslim Turkey. Vlad II anali wofunitsitsa Turkey, amene anali m'ndende ku ndende kazembe Chihangare János Hunyadi.

Pambuyo mndandanda wa nkhondo, Vlad II anabwerera ku mpando wachifumu Wallachian ndi chilolezo cha Turkey, koma zimatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwawo, anakakamizika kugonjera bwalo la ana Sultan awiri - Vlad ndi Radu.

kukhala Tepes

Choncho, pa usinkhu wa zaka 14 Vlad ndi m'bale wake anapita uyitane a Sultan la Turkey, komwe anakhala zaka zingapo. Malinga ndi olemba wa zaka amenewo, wasintha kwambiri chifukwa nthawi imene kutali ndi kwawo. chiwawa, maganizo vutoli - zotsatira onse a tchuthi amakakamizidwa m'nyumba ya sultans, kumene chomwecho iye akanakhoza penyani chiwerengero cha kupereka zigawenga njira zaulimi. Mwina zinali kumeneko ndipo panali zikamera wa kanjedza monga Vlad Kolosazhatel. Ndani wachita zimenezi, panopa amadziwika kuti pafupifupi aliyense.

Pamene mwana anali mu udindo wa bambo ndi akapolo linali pa mpando wachifumu wa Mfumu Wallachia otentha. bambo Dracula a, Vlad II ananena mapangano othandizana pa nkhondo ndi Hungarians, ndiye unachoka iwo. Anafikira kuti Yanosh Hunyadi mu 1446 bungwe kupasula m'manja recalcitrant. Vlad II mutu, ndi mchimwene wake Mircea Dracula anaikidwa m'manda wamoyo.

Kubwera koyamba kwa mphamvu

Vlad Kolosazhatel, kufika akula, anaganiza kubwezera imfa ya okondedwa awo. Ndi thandizo la asilikali ku Turkey, analowa Wallachia ndi anabalalitsa Chihangare zidole Vladislav.

Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kufufuza mu zimayambitsa mavuto chifukwa cha amene bambo ake anaphedwa. Mu nthawi yochepa anasolola wopalamula boyars zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Komabe, kufuna kubwezera nthawi anakhalabe wosakhutitsidwa. Chihangare mfumu Yanosh Hunyadi Dracula walengeza oletsedwa wolamulira wa Wallachia, ndipo mu 1448 kachiwiri bungwe kupasula sakufuna iye Prince.

Akungoyendayenda kummawa kwa Ulaya

Manyazi wolamulira kuti achoke Wallachia. Vlad Kolosazhatel ambiri amayendayenda kunyumba ndi nyumba pa akalonga zosiyanasiyana wosalabadira. Iye anakhala zaka zingapo Moldova. Apo iye anakhazikitsa ubwenzi ndi kazembe wa Moldova wachifumu Stefan. Kenako, angamuthandize kukwera wachifumu.

Vlad Dracula Impaler anapitiriza kwambiri pa misempha ya mfumu Chihangare, ngakhale pamene udindo wa ukapolo ndi sponger m'madera zonyozeka. Yanosh Hunyadi anatumiza makalata anakwiya udzafunidwa kwa ndiribe kanthu kochita ndi Dracula atumiki ake onse.

zinali defused nkhondo wina ndi Turkey. Mu 1456 Ulaya anayamba kusonkhanitsa Kampeni ndi a Ottoman ndi cholinga ulesi iwo ku Constantinople. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mfumu Chihangare amakhala ndi mikangano ang'ono ndi anthu ake akale, ndi Vlad Kolosazhatel mwakachetechete akadzafika mu Transylvania.

Monga pa nthawi iyi Chimonko Francis alemba ntchito odzipereka kuti aziyenda ku Constantinople mwa anthu akuderalo. Zifukwa maganizo, anatseka njira asilikali omutsata ake Chikhulupiriro Orthodox. Vlad Tsepesh, monga okhulupirira a ku Romania Orthodox, anapezerapo mwayi pa mfundo izi ndipo adati asilikali wakunja kuti agwirizane kumuwombera wake ndi kupita Wallachia.

Board Impaler

Mu 1456, Vlad Dracula kamodzinso analanda mpando wachifumu Wallachian nakhala pomwe pano kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Indomitable ludzu lake kubwezera, iye tikupitiriza kufufuza mu imfa ya bambo ake ndi mchimwene. mfundo ambiri kwavumbulutsidwa kudzera kwa boyars m'dera kuperekedwa kukhala zimayambitsa awo zoopsa kuphedwa.

Vlad Dracula Impaler anakonza phwando lalikulu kunyumba yake yachifumu, amene anaitanidwa akuluakulu onse a linatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Mosatekeseka boyars oukira ndi mtendere wa mumtima anafika kuphwando, kumene msonkhano awonongedwe misa undesirables.

Inali nthawi zisanu ndi chimodzi wa ku Wallachia m'njira zambiri wapanga chifaniziro ziwanda za Vlada Kolosazhatelya. Pamene anali ku Turkey, iye kusiya njira woyengedwa kuphedwa mwa kupachikidwa ndi mwachangu ntchito adani.

Kukhala hospodar Wallachia, Dracula namlambira anabweretsa kukhulupirika Chihangare mafumu, koma izi sizinamulepheretse kutenga anawazunza ambiri mu Transylvania.

Pa umodzi wa maulendo izi anatenga nkhondo epic ndi wolamulira wa Brasov Dan. Pambuyo akugonjetsa ankhondo ake, Vlad popanda maganizo pang'ono bungwe Kuphedwa Unyinji wa asilikali analanda. Ndipo palimodzi ndi iwo, iye anaika pamtengo ndi akazi onse amene anatsagana asilikali. M'nthawi zokongola limafotokoza zochitika izi, anawonjezera kuti asilikali Tepes womangidwa ana amayi awo pa nthawi kuphedwa.

Komabe, Ages Middle - nthawi yovutayi. Pamodzi ndi nkhani za nkhanza chipangizo cha Dracula, ndi umboni kumanzere cha ulamuliro wake anzeru m'dziko lawo. Mafanizo a chisankho Solomo Dracula mu Kuthetsa nkani zochimwilana pakati, pakalibe kuba mu Wallachia zinalembedwa mu chipilala wakale wa mabuku - "The nthano za Dracula-kazembe" lopangidwa ndi kalaliki wa Russian akazembe ku Hungary Fedor Kuritsyn.

Nkhondo ndi Turkey

Wallachia pang'ono pansi olamulira osiyana ankangokhalira ndiye kuti Turkey, ndiye kuti Hungary. Pomaliza, Vlad Tepes Impaler anasankha wake womaliza ndipo anayamba Nkhondo yolimbana ndi Ottoman. Izi anali yoyamba ndi kulimbana kwa mkati ndi boyars ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu yake mtheradi. Vlad wamba mfuti, anthu free, ndipo anasonkhana ndithu khamu lalikulu.

Mu 1461 Dracula analengeza chokana kupereka msonkho kwa Sultan ndi povyrezal makonzedwe onse Turkey pa magombe a Danube.

Poyankha Mehmet II anayambitsa yaikulu 100 zikwi asilikali analanda Tsepesha. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kumenyana ndi wolamulira wankhanza zikhoza kukhala zabwino. Nkhani akhalabe otchuka usiku kuukira kugwiridwa ndi iwo mu June 1462. Ndi asilikali ka anthu 15 basi 000 Iye anakanthanso onongani kwa sitima Turkey zikwi zana ndi kukakamiza mthunzi. Pa kumenyanako, Vlad ntchito mwakhama ndi chifundo. akaidi onse naitana achiyesa, ndiyeno onyada kumenyana mzimu wa Ottoman inagwa kwambiri.

Mehmed II anakakamizika abwerere ndi asilikali ake ku Wallachia. Koma chigonjetso asilikali inasanduka kugonjetsedwa ndale Vlad. Matthias Corvinus, Mfumu ya Hungary, anaganiza kupeza zenizeni amphamvu kwambiri wolamulira ndipo anamaliza Tepes mu ndende pa zosamveka woukira boma.

Zaka zomalizira za Dracula

zaka khumi ndi ziwiri m'ndende, Vlad, koma sanali kuphwanya mzimu wake indomitable. Mu 1475 iye anatuluka m'ndendemo, monga ngati kanthu zinachitika anapita kunkhondo monga mbali ya gulu lankhondo la mfumu Chihangare. Anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a asilikali, iye anachita nawo ntchito ku Bosnia ndi Turkey, anathandiza bwenzi lake lakale Stephan Wamkulu kumbuyo Moldova.

Ndi ndi yamasika Vlad anabwerera wina kuti Wallachia, kumene iye anatenga mpandowachifumu yekha, relegating ndi Turkey zidole Loyotu Basarab.

Komabe, pambuyo kuchoka kwa Moldova-ogwirizana anasiya anthu ochepa kwambiri okhulupirika. Pasanathe chaka monga indomitable Loyota bungwe kupha Mfumu.

Poganizira Impaler mu chikhalidwe

Chithunzi lachinsinsi la Chiwerengero Dracula, ali kutali kwambiri kuchokera ku chenicheni, unapangidwa pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu pambuyo pa imfa Vlad a. Mu zaka zao za sikisite mochedwa za m'ma XV inasindikizidwa nkhani zina za Michael Martin Behaim - "The Story of woipa amene amabweretsa" imene momveka bwino ndi mwatsatanetsatane akulongosola "anamanganso" ndi zitsanzo Tepes nkhanza.

Komabe, m'zaka za zana la 19 mochedwa, unakhalabe wamba, pamene wolemba Bram Stoker sanatenge mnzanuyo mwachidule ndi mbiri ya Eastern Europe. Phlegmatic Briton chidwi akale chilakolako, makamaka zokongola chithunzi Impaler ndi mofanana zokongola dzina Dracula. Chifukwa cha cholembera Stoker Wallachian wolamulira inasanduka necromancer mdima ndi mzukwa ndi mphamvu zozizwitsa.

Osawerengeka filimu anatengera yekha kulimbitsa chifaniziro maganizo onse, ndi Werengerani Dracula lero nkhope kwambiri zenizeni m'moyo wawo zinachitika.