Antiochus Cantemir: yonena. Ntchito Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - mmodzi wa kanjedza yowala kwambiri nyengo syllabic chikhalidwe (a heyday mabuku asanayambe kukonza Lomonosov). Iye anali kwathunthu anayamba umunthu, chinkhoswe osati mabuku, komanso ndale: unachitikira posts zamtendere pansi Catherine I. Tiyeni tidziwe bwino kwambiri ndi ntchito yake ndi yonena.

Antiochus Cantemir: yochepa yonena

Antiochus anabadwa mu 1708 ku banja kalonga ndi Romania mizu. atate wake, wotchedwa Dmitry K., anali mkulu wa ukulu Chimoludaviyani, ndi mayi ake, Cassandra, a banja wakale ndi womveka wa Cantacuzino. Iye anabadwa ndipo ndinakhala zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake mu Constantinople (tsopano Istanbul), ndipo mu April 1712, makolo ake anasamukira ku Russian Ufumu.

Banja Antiochus Kantemir anali wamng'ono. Panali 6 ana: ana 4 ndi 2 aakazi (Maria, Smaragd, Mateyu, Sergei, Constantine ndi Antiokeya). Iwo onse maphunziro kwambiri kunyumba, koma ngwazi wathu anagwiritsa ntchito mpata ndi kuphunzira mu Agiriki ndi Asilavo Academy. Chifukwa cha changu ndi ludzu chidziwitso, Prince Antiochus Cantemir anakhala mmodzi wa anthu ambiri ŵakusanga ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zaka za m'ma 18!

Nditamaliza maphunziro, achinyamata Antiochus limodzi ndi Preobrazhensky Regiment, ndipo posachedwapa ananyamuka ku Mulingo wa chizindikiro. M'zaka zimenezi (1726-1728 gg.), Iye atapita ku nkhani yunivesite Bernoulli ndi Gross mu Russian Academy of Sciences.

Ntchito yoyamba Wolemba

Chiyambi cha njira kulenga wolemba pa nthawiyo, pamene anthu unkachitika chowawa anachita kuyimitsidwa za kusintha kwa Peter I. Antiochus yekha wotsatira wa miyambo Petro, kotero mu 1727 analowa gulu, yemwe walunjika ndi Feofan Prokopovich. Mu ntchito zake ife ndi mphamvu kwambiri maganizo a anthu awa.

Woyambirira wa ntchito wake lidalembedwa ngati kalozera othandiza mavesi m'Baibulo ndi masalmo, icho chinali kutchedwa "Symphony la Masalmo kuti". Mu 1726 anapereka mapepala ake Catherine Ine, monga chizindikiro cha ulemu ndi kulemekeza. Mfumukazi amasangalala kwambiri ndi mawu ake, ndi zolembedwa linasindikizidwa mabaibulo 1000.

Buku wotchuka Cantemir

Kenako iye anayamba kumasulira ntchito zosiyanasiyana yachilendo, makamaka - izo latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku French. The ntchito wotchuka, amene wavomerezedwa monga wotanthauzira wamkulu - lomasuliridwa Fontenelle. Antiochus Kantemir osati anakwaniritsa retelling woyenera m'buku la "The nkhani za kulekana kwa zolengedwa", komanso anawonjezera gawo maganizo komanso ndemanga. Ngakhale kufunika kwa buku m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, ku Russia, ntchito zake zinaletsedwa ndi Mfumukazi, chifukwa ankati likutsutsa maziko a makhalidwe ndi chipembedzo.

Antiochus Cantemir: ntchito ya Zotengera

Antiokeya imatengedwa tate wa mtundu uwu wa mabuku, monga Zotengera a. ndakatulo yake yoyamba anadzudzula otsutsa Sciences. Imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka ndi "Kuti mwano chiphunzitso. Kuti malingaliro ake," mu ntchito imeneyi, iye Eti limanena za anthu amene amadziona kuti "anzeru," koma "mu Zlatoust kapena kumvetsa."

The ukuyanga ntchito yake yolenga zinachitika mu zaka 1727-1730. Mu 1729, lonse mndandanda wa iwo satirical versification analengedwa. Total 9 analemba satires, apa ndi otchuka kwambiri kwa iwo;

• "Kwa nsanje anthu otchuka zloenravnyh" - ponyoza olemekezeka, amene anataya khalidwe lake loyambirira wabwino ndi utsalira chikhalidwe.
• "Pa kusiyana zilakolako anthu" - unali mtundu wa uthenga kwa Bishopu wamkulu wa Novgorod, zomwe poyera machimo ndi zilakolako za atsogoleri akuluakulu mpingo.
• "Odala woona" - ntchito za olemba Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir nkhani pa funso wosatha wa moyo ndi kupereka yankho "kokha adzadalitsika m'moyo uno amene ali okhutira ndi pang'ono ndi moyo mu mtendere."

zidutswa mbali

Makamaka satirical kalonga chifukwa zikhulupiriro wake. Prince Antiochus Cantemir anali wokhulupirika kwa Russia ndi anthu Russian wokondedwa, kuti cholinga chake chachikulu chinali chirichonse chimene banjalo. Iye chifundo ndi kukonza zonse Peter ine, ndipo mfumu nayonso ndi wamphamvu kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake mu chitukuko maphunziro. maganizo ake onse poyera ananena m'mabuku ake. Mbali yaikulu ya ndakatulo wake ndi nthano ndi yofewa diatribes, ntchito zake mwadzaza mwamwano ndipo alibe soperezhevany chisoni kuchepa ambiri amayesetsa lalikulu la Peter I.

Ena amanena kuti Antiochus Cantemir, amene mbiri ndi za ntchito anthu, anatha kulenga kotero kwambiri Zotengera ndale kupyolera m'machita kazembe ku England. Kumeneko iye akudziŵa kwambiri za kapangidwe ka boma, kucheza ndi ntchito za kwambiri Western Choonadi: zilandiridwenso Horace, Juvenal, Boileau ndi Perisiya anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa ntchito yake.

State ntchito Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Antiokeya Dmitrievich (yonena ndi zogwirizana ndi mfundo wotembenukira mbiri ya Russian Ufumu) anali wothandiza za kusintha kwa Peter Ine, kotero mu 1731 iye anadzudzula bilu amene akufuna kuti perekani olemekezeka ufulu ndale. Komabe, iye ankasangalala chisomo cha Mfumukazi Anny Ioannovny, zachititsa kwambiri kufalitsa cha ntchito zake.

Ngakhale unyamata wake, Antiochus Kantemir anatha kukwaniritsa pikhabuluka amchigulu. Zinali iye amene anathandiza Mfumukazi kutenga malo ake oyenera monga anthu a Bungwe la Supreme kukonzekera kwa Gawo kulanda boma. Antiochus Cantemir anasonkhana anasaina ambiri a alonda ndi akuluakulu ena a maudindo osiyana, kenako panokha anapita Trubetskoy ndi Cherkasky mu Mfumukazi Palace. Mautumiki ake anali mowolowa manja anapatsidwa ndalama ndi atumizidwa kwa kazembe zamtendere kwa England.

tithe zamtendere

Kumayambiriro a 1732 pa msinkhu wa zaka 23, anapita ku London kuchita ntchito ya yokhazikika zamtendere. Ngakhale alibe luso chinenero ndi kupanda zinachitikira, ankatha kupanga zinthu zomwe takwaniritsa kwambiri popititsa patsogolo zofuna za Russian Ufumu. The British okha kulankhula kuti ndi ndale woonamtima ndi wokoma mtima. Chidwi mfundo: iye anali woyamba Russian kazembe m'dziko kumadzulo.

Kazembe kwa England amam'tumikira wabwino zamtendere sukulu, ndipo patapita zaka 6 a utumiki London, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku France. Iye anatha kumanga ubale wabwino ndi zithunzi zambiri French: Maupertuis, Montesquieu ndi ena.

1735-1740-ntchentche adalemera kwambiri mu asapita Chirasha French, panali zotsutsana zosiyanasiyana, koma chifukwa cha khama la Cantemir, nkhani ambiri ndiyakuti mwa zokambirana mtendere.

ntchito tsoka

Zonse analemba mabuku pafupifupi 150, Pakati pali satirical ndakatulo, nthano, epigrams, odes ndi Mabaibulo ku French. Iwo anapulumuka lero, koma ena mwa Mabaibulo yake yaikulu anasowa. Pali kukaikira kuti adaonongedwa mwadala.

Mwachitsanzo, akadali osadziwika tsoka mipukutu "Epictetus", "Persian Letters" ndipo ambiri Mabaibulo ena a nkhani ku French mu Russian.

Ena mwa ntchito zake Antiochus Cantemir anasaina pansi pa dzina la Hariton Makentin kuti ndi Kusunga Zinthu Zanu Mwachinsinsi dzina lake ndi dzina. Amanyadira za ntchito yake, koma iwo alibe kuwala: kumeneko anasowa pafupifupi masamba onse pamanja ndi.

cholowa wake zolembalemba ndi ntchito oposa zana ndi makumi asanu, kuphatikizapo 9 satirical versification, 5 nyimbo (ode), 6 nthano, epigrams 15 (3 zomwe zimatchedwa "mfundo Autobiographical", ndipo akuimira zigawo zitatu za mankhwala limodzi), pafupifupi 50 Mabaibulo, 2-3 kumasulira lalikulu ntchito kwa olemba French amene anali m'nthawi Cantemir.

Kodi chopereka anapangidwa ndi Antiokasi mabuku Russian?

kufunikira kwake mu mbiri ya chitukuko ndi mapangidwe Russian wakale ndi mabuku ano, n'zovuta Musaone. Pambuyo nkhani onse amene ntchito yake, ndi zogwirizana masiku ano: .. N'chokopa atumiki a mphamvu zochita oletsedwa akuluakulu komanso mabanja awo, etc. Cantemir ndi kholo la mtundu uwu wa mabuku, monga Zotengera a. Mwina mungadzifunse kuti zimene zikhoza kukhala wosasangalala titular kalonga, ndi chimene iye analemba Zotengera? Yankho lagona mu zolemba zake, limene ankazindikira kuti kudzimva woona wa nzika amapereka wolimba mtima akalemba yokhudza ntchito zimenezi satirical. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mawu "nzika" anayamba yekha Cantemir!

Malo kazembe ku Paris anali kungasokoneze thanzi lake, limene linali kale ofooka chifukwa matenda ubwana - nthomba. Mwatsoka, Cantemir anakumana ndi wautali ndiponso yopweteka kwambiri. Iye anafa mu Paris mu 1744 pa msinkhu wa zaka 37. Iye anaikidwa mu St. Nicholas Greek obisika, limene lili mu Moscow.