Vlas Doroshevich, Russian mtolankhani, wolemba: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Vlas Doroshevich - wotchuka Russian wolemba mtolankhani, mmodzi wa feuilletonists wotchuka kwambiri mochedwa XIX - oyambirira XX zaka. Ndiponso amadziwika kuti kwambiri ndi lamphamvu zisudzo wotsutsa.

Wambiri wolemba

Vlas Doroshevich anabadwa mu Moscow mu 1865. bambo ake anali mtolankhani Sergei Sokolov, koma anafa ali aang'ono kwa matenda aakulu. Mayi ake anali Palinso mabuku adalandira maphunziro chakale pa Institute Smolny, lofalitsidwa mwakhama periodicals likulu.

dzina lake Vlas Mihaylovich Doroshevich unkayenera bamboyo, amene anachita naye isanu ndi umodzi zakubadwa. Amayi anasiya mwana wake mu hotelo, osati kukhala okonzeka kubweretsa yekha, popanda mwamuna wake.

Anaganiza bwinopo mayi Doroshevicha patapita zaka 10. Komabe, ngakhale kachitidwe ake wakulungama, bwalo anagwirizana ndi mkazi ndipo ananka naye kwa mwana adzasiyidwa. nkhani imeneyi wasiya n'chimene tsoka lonse Doroshevicha. Mutu wa chilamulo, koma ana Kalanga iye wakhala anatembenuka nthawi zonse.

Pa zaka 7 za zaka Vlas Doroshevich analowa Moscow sukulu chiwerengero 4. Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira anasintha sukulu zingapo. The chifukwa ambiri kwa athamangitsidwe amakhala makhalidwe ake oipa ndi mwano akulu ndi mabwana. Patapita nthawi maphunziro wophunzira sekondale.

sukulu A Vlas Doroshevich anayamba kugwirizana ndi manyuzipepala matauni. Mabuku oyamba mu "Moscow boma yotchedwa Gazette" ndi "St. Petersburg nyuzipepala".

Ndi Doroshevichi akubwera ulemerero

Izi kutchuka Doroshevicha ntchito anapeza pa mapeto a XIX atumwi, pamene anayamba kulalikira ku Odessa periodicals, makamaka ntchito zoseketsa.

Kuyambira 1902 mpaka October kuukira boma, iye ntchito ngati mkonzi wa nyuzipepala "mawu Russian" m'manja mwa wofalitsa odziwika Sytin. Mkati yochepa Doroshevich anapanga kalata iyi ya wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko, kufalitsa "mawu Russian" laling'onolo manyuzipepala ena onse ndi magazini.

Mu 1918 anasamukira Sebastopol Vlas Doroshevich, yonena za moyo wake zisakuyenda wakhala chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi Crimea. Iye sanali kuthandiza gulu counterrevolutionary ndipo anachoka pa nthawi ya moyo pagulu ndi utolankhani. Kumapeto kwa Civil nkhondo, pamene iye anali kudwala, anati kuzindikira mphamvu Soviet. Iye anabwerera ku Petrograd mu 1921, pamene iye mwamsanga anamwalira koma-isanayambike TB ku Crimea.

ntchito zoseketsa

The utolankhani zoweta Doroshevich adalowa, kuyamba kulemba nkhani zoseketsa. ntchito zimenezi zimachokera kwa 1881, anafalitsa mu "Moscow boma yotchedwa Gazette". Poyamba mosadziwika.

Nkhani yoyamba kudziwika Doroshevicha amatchedwa "abwezere". Iye anamasulidwa mu magazini likulu "The Wave". Mlembi wake anatchulidwa Amalume Vlas. Mu magaziniyo yomweyo amayamba Danga la wolemba "Diary wa layman a." Ndipotu iye kusekedwa "Mfundo layman" zolembalemba wotsutsa Nikolaya Mihaylovskogo. Komabe popita nthawi yomweyo tsekani mu buku loyamba Doroshevich kudzudzulidwa utolankhani Russian chifukwa likulu, mwachindunji mlandu chilengedwe cha zipangizo mwambo.

Choncho Doroshevich ananena chofuna ufulu ndi unacceptability a utolankhani achinyengo. Mu mabuku amenewa kale kuoneka zolemba lakuthwa yovuta, mawu amoyo ndi wochenjera monyodola kuti ayende izo nkhani zina zoseketsa komanso mabuku ena.

satires Doroshevicha

A mbali yaikulu pa chitukuko cha utolankhani Russian wachita Vlas Doroshevich. Satires olembedwa ndi Iye, komabe amaona kuti ndi chitsanzo ku mtundu wanyimbo izi. Chifukwa iye anali dzina lakuti "mfumu ya anecdotes zoseketsa."

Iye mwaluso analemba zosiyanasiyana Mitundu - kapepala ndale, zopelekedwa buku, satirical monologue ndi ena ambiri. Iye anapanga kalembedwe wake "lalifupi mzere" chifukwa chimene mankhwala analandira kumva, enieni ndiponso amphamvu. Iye anazisiya otchuka pa nthawi ya verbosity kulimbikitsa osati atolankhani a nthawi, komanso pa olemba.

Mu nthawi Doroshevicha nyuzipepala prose amakhala ndime ndi mabuku kwambiri Russian, chifukwa ankafufuza ndiponso mosamala ntchito ndi mawu. Large mosungiramo Doroshevicha satirical nkhani zoyenera bwalo lamasewera. Mu iwo, anali kufotokoza mfundo za Kuzindikira zojambulajambula, zikuchepa kutsutsa otayirira, umene panthawi imeneyo atagonjetsa anthu onse.

Odessa nthawi

Mu 1893 Doroshevich anasamukira ku Odessa. Apa iye amakhala wolemba mu "Odessa tsamba" nyuzipepala lalikulu zigawo. Chifukwa cha amatengedwa ku buku loyamba, anatsutsa mutu wa mzinda. The kumveka anali wamphamvu kwambiri moti ngakhale Doroshevichi anali kwa nthawi kusiya Odessa ndi kubwerera ku St. Petersburg.

Patapita miyezi 6, anabwerera ndipo mosalekeza limafalitsa satires wake Odessa mpaka 1899. The mfundo zazikulu, zimene iye anamvera, ndi bureaucracy wa akuluakulu pansi, Afilisiti mwambo opanda nzeru chilakolako cha amuna amalonda ndi amalonda kuti ndalama zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ukuchita mulandu osauka a atsogoleri osauka, patsogolo ndi patsogolo.

Ndi apa kuti chidwi kwa anzeru demokalase Vlas Doroshevich. chilankhulo Odessa amagwira ntchito mwa iwo skits, iye akutama Gorky. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, ambiri olemba mabuku amawanena kuti Doroshevicha cheeky kalembedwe.

Kuyambira 1895 Doroshevich kukaponya "Odessa tsamba" kufalitsa nkhani maulendo awo akunja, kupanga nkhaniyo ngakhale anthu ambiri. Iye anapita ku America, kumene amatumiza satires ambiri ndi essays za mores m'dera bourgeois.

"Anecdotal nthawi"

A chitsanzo chapadera akhale mmisiri wolemba amene anali wotchuka Vlas Doroshevich - "nthawi Anecdotal." Kachidutswa satirical, olembedwa mu 1905.

Mmenemo wolemba molimbitsa amazitsutsa anaonekera chilakolako konse ndi chirichonse kwa nthabwala. Pa mitundu yonse ya nkhani, ndi pakati pa mitundu yonse ya Boma la anthu. Anecdote ku Russia pa chiyambi cha m'ma XX, malinga Doroshevicha m'malo vysokosvetskuyu kulankhulana kwa luntha, kukambirana za mmene zinthu ziliri pa dziko. M'malo mwake, aliyense akuyesa kuwatonza.

Pa soirees zolembalemba ndi madyerero si andakatulo zazikulu ndi ntchito zawo zatsopano kapena zisudzo za nyimbo zachikhalidwe, ndi mbuye kuuza nkhani atsopano. "Moyo wonse lidzasandulike nkukhala anecdote olimba" - mwachisoni amaona wolemba.

"Nkhani ya kudya"

Wina lampoon chogunda, amene analemba Vlas Doroshevich - "Nkhani ya kudya." kanthu chikuchitika mu mzinda Zavihryayske. Izo zonse akuyamba ndi kutha kwa wapolisi zinyama Siluyanova. nthawi yaitali simungapeze, ndipo posapita zimaonekeratu kuti wamalonda Semipudovy akufotokoza mmene kudya chitumbuwa akusowa. Komabe, zimene zinachitika sakumbukira chifukwa iye anali ataledzera kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo womangidwa pa kukayikitsa kudya.

Pankhaniyi, n'zoonekeratu kuti owerenga kuti keke ngwazi anadya pamodzi, osati kukonza wamalonda mincemeat wa Siluyanova. Komabe, palibe otchulidwa mu nkhani sindikumvetsa.

Mu ntchito iyi Doroshevich zikuchepa amazitsutsa ntchito yazamalamulo, komanso makhoti ndi Maloya. Zimasonyezanso kulephera zawo zonse ndi umbuli. Bright asonyeza ndi makhalidwe akuzigawo m'tawuni. Akusowa Siluyanov mapeto limapezeka kuvomereza kuti nthawi zonse izi momveka ataledzera. Ndipo yabwino kwambiri akufotokoza momwe iye adakwiya ataona buku wamba aliyense. Mu mbali iyi ikufotokoza mbali zambiri za anthu nthawi imeneyo. Mu ntchito yaing'ono satirical limafotokoza nkhani ya chikhalidwe, maphunziro ndi yazamalamulo, kuima pa vuto lililonse chowawa aliyense m'madera amenewa.

Komabe, phindu lalikulu la nkhanizi satirical zolembedwa owerenga ndi mlingo uliwonse wa maphunziro kumvetsa nthabwala ndi cholinga cha wolemba n'chapafupi ndi wolemba, ndi handymen. wowerengeka wapadera ntchito Doroshevicha.

"Mwaukapolo"

mwapadera pa ntchito yake Doroshevich analipira ulendo Sakhalin. Kumeneko, iye anapita mu 1897, ntchito mu "Odessa tsamba". Pamodzi ndi iye tinapita ndi antchito Wolakwayo. Chifukwa cha ulendo uwu unali nkhani, wolemba amene anali Doroshevich Vlas - "mwaukapolo". Iwo analidi limafotokoza moyo lonse zovuta. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - mantha ndi okhumudwa amene anali kudzakumana nawo Sakhalin. Ndipo akaidi osati kokha, komanso ufulu wa m'deralo.

Doroshevich limatiuza zambiri nkhani za milandu imene mwatsatanetsatane kusonyeza m'moyo anthu ali pano mlandu.

Mu 1903, iye amatenga m'buku limodzi la essays "Sakhalin" imene zinathandiza kwambiri mapangidwe chosintha amaganiza madzulo a 1905. Buku yoletsedwa ndi kutilanda, koma mafunde anali kale akuthamanga.

Doroshevich ndi "Russian mawu"

The Doroshevich wotchuka kwambiri zimatheka ndi kugwira ntchito "mawu Russian". Mu 1902, anakhala mkonzi wake, kusintha kwa mtundu European Western. nyuzipepala uyu anakhala kwambiri misa-makope periodicals mu Russia.

Chinsinsi cha kupambana anali mtengo wotsika, dzuwa mkulu ndi mafelemu. Komanso Doroshevicha mu "mawu Russian" analemba Giljarovsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko ndi Bwalo la maseŵera.

Kukhala mkonzi Doroshevich amaikidwa dipatimenti ya ogwira ntchito payekha, monga momwe Adachitidwira mu nyuzipepala ya England ndi France. Pa mutu uliwonse dipatimenti waika mkonzi osiyana. Tsiku lililonse ntchito imayamba ndi misonkhano m'mawa kukonzekera kukambirana mapulani ntchito ndi kumveka analengedwa ndi wotsiriza.

Number ankadutsa kusindikiza za 22 maola, koma posachedwapa zinathandizira kuti ndondomeko opereka mpaka 4 koloko m'mawa. Izo anatha kukwaniritsa isanachitikepo pa nthawi Kuyankha.

madongosolo anali kukhazikitsa Doroshevicha mtolankhani malo m'mizinda ikuluikulu Russia.

Tsogolo la ulimi Doroshevicha

Mu 1917 Doroshevich ankakhala Petrograd. Panthawiyo iye anali kale mwakayakaya ndipo apo lectured pa atolankhani akunja Lakale. Tsogolo la French kuukira boma, iye anawona zowawa ndi chitsanzo ake anali kuyesera kuti achenjeze anthu a m'nthawi yake, zomwe zingabweretse zochitika za ulimi October.

Poyamba, iye anali wotsutsa zisinthe, kulankhula atolankhani kumatsutsa maganizo a Lenin ndi Bolsheviks. Koma kenako, iye anazindikira mphamvu Soviet ndi Soviet Union panthawi yogwira chake kusindikizidwa. Koma pambuyo kugwa kwa Union of ntchito zake potsiriza mbisoweka ku maalumali.

chikoka Doroshevicha

Ofufuza anati amadza chachikulu, chimene Doroshevich anali mabuku Russian ndi utolankhani. Yankholo mu chitukuko cha Mitundu ambiri journalistic, njira zatsopano kwa iwo. Zimenezi zikugwira makamaka nkhani.

kalembedwe chake "lalifupi mzere" anakhala chitsanzo kwa ambiri a m'nthawi yake ndi Amlowam'malo.