Chiwerengero cha Istanbul (Turkey): kufotokoza onse a mudziwo

Istanbul Tikhoza kunena kuti anali mmodzi wa mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Mbiri yake amabwerera zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri. Masiku ano Istanbul anapitiriza amakambirana ndi chikhalidwe cha masiku amakedzana. Pafupifupi aliyense msewu mu mzinda, mukhoza kuona kuda mbiri yake ulemerero ndi chuma. Istanbul - osakaniza zodabwitsa chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu, zakale ndi zamakono cikhalidwe. M'mbuyomu ndiponso masiku ano kuphatikiza zogwirizana mu mzinda uno mu umodzi. Osati kuyendera Istanbul, inu simungakhoze kunena kuti anapita Turkey. Ndipotu, mzinda uno - mtima wa dziko, chopunthira cha chikhalidwe ndi mbiri.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mpaka 1930 mumzinda wotchedwa Constantinople. Amatanthauza mzinda wa Constantine. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mfumu ya Aroma Constantine, amene mu 330 anasamutsira likulu la boma ku Istanbul wamakono. Turkey - dzina akuti apeza kwambiri mtsogolo. Pamaso mzinda unkatchedwa Byzantium Constantinople ndi mtima wa Ufumu wa Byzantium. Mu nthawi ya Latin Ufumu wa Constantinople analinso phungu ngati likulu. Ndipo ndithudi, mu masiku a ulemerero Ottoman.

Dzina la Turkey Republic anali anakonza 1923 pambuyo chigonjetso cha dziko kayendedwe kumasulidwa motsogozedwa Ataturk.

Geography ndi nyengo

Istanbul - mzinda wapadera kwathunthu. Ndi ili mu magawo awiri a dziko, amene si zambiri kunena za mzinda wina uliwonse mu dziko. Iwo agawidwa magawo awiri a ku Bosphorus. Istanbul ili pa mphambano ndi zolengedwa. Njira ku Nyanja Black ku Mediterranean ndi mwa gombe, omwe amatsuka Nyanja ya Marmara. Kuphatikiza chikhalidwe Asian ndi liberalism Ulaya chifukwa mzinda ili pa njira ku Asia ku Europe.

Istanbul kwathuthu mu zone ya Nyengo. Choncho, apa ndiye ofunda, nthawi zina otentha m'chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira. Chipale ali osowa, koma zimachitika kuti mvula chisanu akubwera.

nthawi Istanbul wosiyana nthawi mu Moscow pa 1:00. m'gawo Turkey ni wa mudera chachiwiri nthawi, pamene Moscow - wachitatu.

anthu Istanbul a

Malinga ndi kafukufuku zosavomerezeka, mzinda ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 25 miliyoni. Mwalamulo, chiwerengero cha anthu Istanbul ndi anthu oposa 14 miliyoni. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka anthu m'njira ntchito ochokera kumayiko ndi mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko ndi nkhondo zachuma mabacteria. Kawirikawiri anthu awa wotanganidwa mu gawo utumiki ndi kumanga. Kuti kumene kufunika otsika-aluso kapena zovuta ntchito.

anthu Istanbul Amakhala makamaka wa Turkey zamakolo zomwe Asilamu. Komabe, Turkey ambiri mizu Greek, chifukwa mbiri yakale. Pa Ottoman, ambiri Ahelene yemwe analowa Islam, anasonkhana ku likulu la chikhalidwe la Turkey - Istanbul. Chinenero chimene chinkalankhulidwa ndi anthu ambiri a anthu a m'mudzi - Turkey. Koma Turkey zambiri zabwino lamulo la English ndi zinenero Russian. Zimenezi zikugwira makamaka m'madera ogulira mumzindawo.

m'madera a Istanbul

Istanbul m'mbiri wake yaitali ndi laulemerero unali mzinda owolowa manja kwambiri, amene anaika maziko a azikhalidwe ake ndi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Oimira mayiko osiyanasiyana anafika ku Istanbul chinachititsa kuti mzindawo ndi chilengedwe cha zigawo latsopano.

Ma wa Istanbul, monga mumzindawo, ogaŵikana European ndi Asia. Malingana ngati iwo ili ena pagombe. mzinda wonse lagawidwa m'zigawo 39. Ena a iwo akhoza kuonedwa kuti mafakitale, ena kugona, ena alendo ndi mbiri yakale.

Kuzigawo otchuka Istanbul zotsatirazi:

• Akalonga Islands. Kawirikawiri, kwambiri kulibe asezare malo a mzinda, koma ndi achisangalalo. anthu Istanbul a amasangalala kuthera azisangalalo wake kumeneko.
• Beşiktaş. State, amene anatenga konse mwa nyanja.
• Fatih - District Yakale. Ndi mu Fatih ndi kukopa waukulu mumzinda: Mpingo wa Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace ndi ena.
• Beyoğlu. Palibe malo zochepa wotchuka kuposa Fatih. Apitako osankhidwa izo chifukwa Taksim Square, Galata Tower. m'madera ziwiri izi cholukanalukana Galata mlatho.
• Eyüp. Malo abwino a Istanbul, kuti amasirira Gulf wa Golden Horn.
• Laleli. mzinda kukagula m'dera zoona, m'dera msika. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu m'masitolo kuti zikugwira kugulitsa katundu opangidwa makamaka mafakitale kuwala makampani.

chuma

zizindikiro Economic Istanbul kwambiri kuposa mzinda wina uliwonse mu dziko. Choona chidwi ndi mzinda uli kunyumba 30 biliyoni. Limeneli palokha kwambiri. Komanso, 27% ya GDP nkhani ndi Istanbul. Turkey wapereka Mega kumzinda wa kuposa 20% ya ogwira ntchito, koma izo zifika pali pafupifupi 40% ya misonkho yonse.

Makampani, anaikira makamaka mu mzinda wa Istanbul, ndi yosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira zomangamanga makampani chakudya. Ambiri uphungu katundu ankaimira chakudya ndi mafakitale nsalu (pafupifupi 80%). A gawo lapadera la ndalama mzinda ndi chimaposa ndimeyi ziwiya mwa Bosporus Khwalala.

Maphunzilo ku Istanbul

Istanbul alinso malo sayansi ya dziko. mzinda amakopeka ophunzira kuchokera ku maiko onse ndi a m'mayiko ena. Mzindawu uli waukulu ku University Istanbul Turkey a. Chiwerengero cha ophunzira za anthu 140 000. Ndi akale kwambiri komanso yapamwamba bungwe maphunziro apamwamba a m'dzikolo. Lodziwika bwino Istanbul University zaumisiri (mmodzi wa yunivesite yakale luso mu dziko) ndi University ya Marmara.
Kuphatikiza pa sukulu odziwika ndi yapamwamba mu mzinda pali zina zing'onozing'ono, siikudziwika bwino payekha ndi anthu apamwamba, zomwe akatswiri sitima ku malo osiyanasiyana. Mu Istanbul, madera waukulu cholinga kafukufuku wa dziko ndi laibulale yaikulu kwambiri.

Mayendedwe zomangamanga wa mzinda

Popeza 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, Turkey ndi Istanbul kutukuka kwambiri muzochitika zones za moyo pagulu. Anthu unakula mofulumira. Utsogoleri wa mzinda, anaganiza kukhala zomangamanga kuti kupereka anthu Istanbul zinthu omasuka moyo. Pantchito imeneyi, kupanga dongosolo mzinda zoyendera zapatsidwa mwapadera.

Mu mzindawu pali awiri ndege yaikulu padziko lonse: chimodzi mu gawo European, ena mu Asia. Iwo amapereka mpweya katundu ndi magalimoto anthu. M'madzi mayendedwe amaperekedwa chifukwa ambiri mwa madoko, berths, malo osiyanasiyana kuti yosungirako ndi ena. Ambiri mwa katundu ndi anthu afika kusiya kunja Istanbul mwa njanji. Pakuti ichi, siteshoni awiri zinamangidwa.

mathiransipoti

mwapadera ayenera kukhala mabasi ndi magalimoto ku Istanbul. Stambultsy ndi sangayankhulane ntchito trams. Iwo yabwino, kudya masiku ano. Ndi thandizo lawo, mukhoza kuona malo lonse la Istanbul. Metrobus amapereka uthenga ndi mbali yatsopano ya mzinda popanda chotipinga. Mabasi - wotchuka kwambiri mtundu wa mabasi ndi magalimoto mu mzinda. Dolmush - kufanana kwa matakisi wathu. Palinso galimoto Masitima achingwe am'mapiri njanji yapansi, boti.

Zachilendo ndi kuti palibe mtundu zoyendera sifikira mzinda wonse. Pakati yabwino ndipo mwamsanga kuti kumaloku pa sitima ku bwalo la ndege ku Limbe - yapansi panthaka, kenako kupita tsidya la Asian a chingwe galimoto kapena boti. Kodi zimagwirizana pamodzi ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mabasi ndi magalimoto ku Istanbul mofulumira, omasuka ndi zamakono.

Zosangalatsa ndi Tourism

Mipingo, mizikiti, nyumba zachifumu, m'mapaki, plazas, m'malinga, milatho zakale ndi misika - ndi yaing'ono mndandanda wa zomwe angathe ndipo ayenera kuona mu Istanbul. Ambiri zowoneka mbiri wambiri chigawo Fatih. Pali otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Hagia Sophia ndi Blue Mosque. Popanda Kuphunzira zipilala za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri sudzatha ulendo mzinda.

Chaka chilichonse mzinda kukaona ndi alendo pa 10 miliyoni, omwe ndi muyeso wa umakopa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe. boma mzinda amasamalirira kwambiri chitukuko cha zomangamanga zokopa alendo, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri ku thumba.

Alendo ngakhale bajeti kwambiri wodzichepetsa nthaŵi Istanbul wokongola. Ndipotu, pali onse zikhalidwe: magalimoto otsika mtengo, ambiri mwa mahotela ndi hostels, amene chifukwa wampikisano anapereka malawi wabwino amalipiritsa modzichepetsa, ndi zosaiŵalika owonetsera zakale tawuni kununkhira.