Wambiri Griboyedov: chidwi mfundo. Zosangalatsa za Griboedove Aleksandre Sergeeviche

Mlengi okondweretsa sewero lanthabwala "Tsoka kwa nzeru," womwe kenako chabe ankaiphwasula kwa makoti. Wodzipereka bwenzi la Decembrists, luso loimba ndi cleverest nthumwi. Ndipo izi zonse, dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov. Wambiri mwachidule nthawi zonse muli uthenga weniweni. Komanso zidzawululidwa mudziwe zimene timakhulupirira boma kuti akhala zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zikalata archival. Ndi angati anamva chisoni wolemba izi. Zokwera ndi zotsika, zokhota ndi duels, zokumana nazo mumtima, ndipo kumene chaubale mkazi wake wamng'ono.

Wolemba tsogolo Griboyedov. Wambiri. chithunzi

Mbiri kwambiri za kubadwa kwa Griboyedov akadali sikukudziŵika. Ngati inu kutenga zosiyanasiyana deta mbiri, kapena njanji mbiri Alexander, nthawi yomweyo amakhala kusiyana kwambiri masiku. Choncho, tsiku lobadwa akhoza sasonyeza, ndi pakati pa zikwi mazana asanu makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi wachisanu.

Komanso, biographers ambiri amanena kuti Griboyedov anali wapathengo. N'chifukwa chake ndi zolakwika masiku a kubadwa kwa zikalata zonse adasungidwa. banja mayi ake mwadala chinabisidwa mfundo imeneyi. Kenako anapeza munthu amene anabisa manyazi mtsikanayo ndipo anatenga mwana wake. Iye analinso ndi dzina la Griboyedov ndipo anali mmodzi ubale osauka.

Koma mayi ndi bambo a wolemba kwambiri

Munthu maphunziro ang'onoang'ono, anapuma lalikulu, bambo kenako kawirikawiri anaonekera m'banja ankaona kukhalabe m'mudzi. Pali zoyenera kwathunthu nthawi yake khadi zisangalalo zonse kwambiri zatha chuma chake.

Mayi wa Alexander anali wolemera ndipo mfulu ndithu dona yemwe wakhala kudziŵika kokha mu Moscow, komanso m'madera ozungulira mzindawo wokongola ngati limba ndi. Mkazi ndi opondereza kwambiri ndi lakuthwa, koma ana awo anali atazunguliridwa ndi chikondi ndi chisamaliro komanso Anawapatsanso maphunziro aakulu kunyumba. Rhode zinafika ku Lithuania, iwo ankavala dzina Grzybowski. Izo zinali kokha m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, banja analandira dzina la Griboyedov.

Wolemera mbiri Griboyedov, chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa wolemba amapanga umunthu wake ngakhale zambiri zachinsinsi kukhonda wofufuza phunziro ake.

Zaka zoyambilira wolemba tsogolo

Alexander ana zinenero zingapo ndipo, ndithudi, French. Iye anaphunzira kuimba limba. anamkungwi ake anali aphunzitsi odziwika - Petrozilius kuti University Moscow anali laibulale Catalogs. Ndiye ion Bogdan Ivanovich, amene anaphunzira ku Moscow, ndipo woyamba amene analandira digiri yake pa University of Kazan. A wotsatira kulera Griboyedov osati zoweta, komanso masukulu ndi mayunivesite, chinkhoswe mu odziwika pulofesa Boulet. Kuyambira ndili mwana wolemba tsogolo anasamukira ku mabwalo ena ndithu. Iye pamodzi ndi mlongo wake ndi amake zambiri ankabwera maina amalume ake m'malo odziwika mu Hmelity, imene inali ku chigawo Smolensk.

Komanso, Griboyedovi banja anali pachibale maina wotchuka ngati Odoevsky, Roman-Korsakov, Naryshkins. chikondi A zinachititsa kuti osiyanasiyana lalikulu likulu otchuka.

Yambani kuphunzitsa Alexander pang'ono

Mu 1802, Alexander analowa Moscow yunivesite ogona, pofika mphoto zingapo chiphunzitso chabwino, ndi khumi zaka akhala phungu wa philology. pofufuza sayansi ambiri.

Zonsezi ndi kokha unyamata yonena Griboyedov. mfundo zosangalatsa zokhudza moyo wa amene analemba nthawi ina. Chinthu chokha chimene tisaiwale - n'chakuti, ngakhale mphamvu yake yabwino kwambiri kuphunzira, Alexander wasankha kudzipereka usilikali.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yake yausilikali

Kuyambira ndi 1812 mbiri mfundo Griboyedov mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya usilikali. Poyamba, iye anali m'gulu la Regiment wa Saltykov, amene anakhala onse sagwera mu chigawo cha ku Kazan, ndipo si sanachedwe kuvomereza asilikali. Atamwalira Chiwerengero Regiment ili linali lofika lamulo la General Kologrivov. Ndipo Alexander amapatsidwa msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wake, amene anakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi Begichev. Ndipo osati kukhala membala wa nkhondo limodzi, Griboyedov wasiya ndi akadzafika mu St. Petersburg.

Kuzolowerana ndi mabwalo ed ndi zolembalemba

Ndithu yosangalatsa yonena Griboyedov kumayambira utumiki mu State College komwe anakapeza ndi Kuchelbecker wotchuka Pushkin. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amayamba kulankhula m'madera ed ndi zolembalemba.

Komanso, mu 1816, Alexander membala wa Masonic Lodge, zimene zinaphatikizapo Pestel, Chaadaev ndipo ngakhale mutu tsogolo la ufumu chancellery Benkendorf.

A zosiyanasiyana intrigue ndi sewero masewera - zonse izi zikuphatikizapo zina yonena Griboyedov. Chidwi zokhudza nthawi imeneyi wolemba amanena kuti iye nawo nkhani chonyansa chikugwirizana ndi wovina Istomin. Chifukwa cha izo, duel pakati Sheremetyevo ndi Zavadovsky, imene inatha mu imfa ya choyamba.

Izi zimadalira wolemba m'tsogolo, amakhala ku St. Petersburg, mphekesera anakhala chabe mumamva, kuyambira mzinda anayamba kufalitsa kwa iye kuti iye anali Pimp ndi wamantha. Ndi Alexander Griboyedov, amene yonena anali angwiro kulemekeza kulimbamtima ndi kulimba mtima kuima sakanakhoza.

Ulendo wa ku Caucasus

Pa nthawi yomweyo, vuto la zachuma kwambiri sakuyenda Griboyedov mayi, ndipo iye anali kuganizira mozama za tsogolo lake. Kumayambiriro a 1818 ndi Russian ofesi ya kazembe chinapangidwa pa bwalo la Persia. Ndipo Alexander amalandira udindo watsopano kwa Mlembi. Kwambiri adatenga malo atsopano ndipo akuyamba intensively kuphunzira Persian ndi Arabic, komanso timudziwe bwino mabuku osiyanasiyana a East.

Atafika ku Tbilisi, Griboyedov yomweyo nawo mu duel ndi Yakubovich, koma mwamwayi palibe amene anavulala. Komanso adani yomweyo naye. Posakhalitsa, Alexander wobwezera wokondedwa wa General Yermolov, pakati pa iwo akupitiriza kukambirana maganizo kunathandiza yaikulu pa Griboyedov.

Moyo ndi ntchito Tabriz

Mu 1819, ntchito Russian afika ku nyumba yogona, umene unali Tabriz. Apa Alexander analemba mizere yoyamba ya wotchuka "Tsoka kwa nzeru".

Inali pa nthawi imeneyi amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri yonena Griboyedov, mfundo zosangalatsa zomwe ndikukuuzani kuti wolemba, ngakhale mkwiyo wa Aperisiya, anali wokhoza kutitetezera amasulidwe asilikali Russian kuchuluka kwa anthu makumi asanu ndi kuwalowetsa m'dera la Tbilisi. A General Yermolov ngakhale anapereka mphoto kwa Alexander Pushkin.

Griboyedov apa iye anakhala mpaka 1823, Popereka chithandizo yaitali. Ndipo iye, azungu kuphunzira zilankhulo kum'maŵa ndi kulemba "Tsoka kwa nzeru" imene ili pamalo monga momwe kulenga, kuwerenga mnzake Kiichelbecker. Choncho anabadwa osati ntchito kudziwika, komanso yonena latsopano: Griboyedov wolemba ndi wolenga wamkulu.

Homecoming

Mu 1823, mu March, Alexander anabwerera ku Moscow ndipo anakumana ndi mnzake Begichev. Lidzagwira nyumba yake moyo ndi kupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa ntchito yake. Tsopano chilengedwe chake nthawi zambiri kuwerenga mabwalo zolembalemba, ndipo ngakhale mkulu Vyazemsky analemba vaudeville otchedwa "Ndani m'bale, mlongo amene, kapena chinyengo cha chinyengo."

Ndiye, wolemba anasamukira ku St. Petersburg makamaka kuti apeze chilolezo kufalitsa zolengedwa awo. Mwatsoka, sikunali kotheka kufalitsa zamalonda, koma ena mfundo zasindikizidwa, chimene chinapangitsa chigumukire akuwadzudzula.

Ndipo pamene Alexander ankawerenga sewero lanthabwala wake mabwalo luso, inu kupeza pazipita zabwino mtima. Koma ngakhale kuyankhulana kwakukulu, ndipo analephera GAWO ndi sewero lanthabwala.

Choncho ndinayamba abadwe wolemba kwambiri Alexander Griboyedov, amene yonena tsopano kudziwika kwa pafupifupi wophunzira.

Decembrist Alexander Griboyedov

Koma chisangalalo cha kupambana yosatheka sizinakhalitse, Griboyedov kunadetsa anayamba kukaona maganizo wozingwa, ndi aganiza ayambe ulendo ku Crimea, ndipo pitani Kiev.

Alexander anakumana pano ndi anzake - Trubetzkoy ndi Bestuzhev-Rumin, amene ali mamembala a anthu chinsinsi cha Decembrists.

Nthawi yomweyo ali ndi lingaliro kuchita Alexander, koma analibe chidwi maganizo andale, ndipo anapitiriza kusangalala kukongola kwa malo ndi kuphunzira mitundu yonse ya zokopa. Koma maganizo sasiya iye, ndipo pa mapeto a September Alexander anagwirizana detachment ya General Sonya. Apa iye analemba ndakatulo wake "The chilombo mu Chegem".

Posachedwa anauzidwa Yermolov kuti Alexander masomphenyawa atazengereza chifukwa nawo za chiwembu, ndipo mwachinsinsi anauza wolemba. Koma, ngakhale, kumangidwa zinachitika mulimonse. Choncho anabadwa Decembrist Griboyedov. Wambiri mwachidule koma zachisoni. Pomaliza, Alexander anakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kenako anamasulidwa, koma anaitanidwa ku phwando mfumu, amene amazikhulupirira mwachabe amchitire chifundo chifukwa cha abwenzi ake.

Tsoka zina la wolemba, pambuyo zipolowe abortive

Miyezi ya dzinja 1826 wolemba wotchuka ikakhala Bulgarin. Izi makamaka kovuta nthawi, ndipo Griboyedov, mbiri ndi zinthu zomwe masiku awa ali odzazidwa ndi chisoni ndi ululu wa comrades awo anaphedwa ku ukapolo, zokakhala ku Moscow.

Apa iye afika pakatikati pa zochitika. Yermolov anachotsedwa chifukwa cha kusowa yamtunduwu molamulidwa ndi asilikali, ndipo Alexander ndi kunditumiza ku utumiki wa Paskevich. Nthawi zambiri, Griboyedov, Wolemba ndakatulo, anali kuona ayi malungo ndi matenda a manjenje.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, Russia ndi Turkey akukumana nkhondo mu East zofunika nthumwi akatswiri. Forward, ndithudi, Alexander, ngakhale kuti akha- kusiya. Sizinathandize.

Mu mabuku onse amene akutchula Griboyedov (mbiri, chithunzi ndi zina, limene limafotokoza kuti moyo wake), sikutheka kupeza mfundo zina zokhudza chifukwa ichi mwamuna wodziwa kwambiri mwachangu anatumiza kwa ichi, kutsimikizira oopsa, mishoni iye. Anali izi mwadala kubwezera mfumu kuchita kupanduka, limene mlandu? Ndipotu, likukhalira, pamene tsoka la Alexander anali kale zosachita mapeto.

Popeza anasankhidwa kuti udindo uwu Griboyedov akuyamba moping zambiri, pokonzekera imfa pafupi. Ngakhale anzake, iye anapitiriza kunena kuti anali kumeneko kukhala manda ake. Ndipo chimodzi cha June Alexander kumanzere St. Petersburg muyaya. Koma Tbilisi adzakhala mwambo wofunika kwambiri. Anakwatira Mfumukazi Chavchavadze, amene anali wodziwika kwa zaka zambiri ndipo sadamdziwa iye ngati mwana.

Tsopano mkazi wamng'ono silipita Griboyedov, nthawi zonse makalata abwenzi, wodzazidwa ndi achipongwe zodabwitsa za Nina wake wamng'ono. Mu Tehran wolemba wafika Chaka Chatsopano maholide, poyamba zonse anapita bwino. Koma ndiye chifukwa cha vuto lokhudza andende, nkhondo inayamba, ndipo pa January 30 malo, imene panali wolemba kwambiri ndi nthumwi kumenyana ndi gulu la anthu onyamula zida, motsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri a Asilamu.

Choncho anaphedwa dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso inayamba zonse mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo nthawi zonse ndi imfa irreplaceable.