Wambiri ndi ntchito ya Bloc

Wotchuka symbolist ndakatulo ya Silver Age, igunda chikhulupiriro chake zonse wamphamvu tsogolo la Russia ndi anthu. Kukonda ndi mavuto kumvetsa kukula, munthu ndi maganizo waukulu ndi moyo zomvetsa chisoni. Moyo ndi ntchito ya Bloc kuzigwirira uthunthu wake ndipo tinachita.

yonena za ndakatulo iyi

Block dzina lake Aleksandr Aleksandroviya, anabadwa mu 1880, pa November 28. Ikani lobadwa - Petersburg. Makolo ake: bambo - AL Block yuristm ntchito pa yunivesite ya Warsaw, amake - AA Beketov, mwana wamkazi wa wasayansi wotchuka ndi katswiri.

makolo a mwanayo linatha Asanabadwe, kotero kukula mu banja liziyenda anali chinachitika. Komabe, AN agogo kumbali akuchikazi Beketov, amene banja wakula ndi Alexander, azungulira mwana chisamaliro chifukwa ndi chidwi. Ndinam'patsa maphunziro abwino ndi kuyamba moyo. AN yekha Beketov anali rector a ku yunivesite ku St. Petersburg. Zapamwamba chikhalidwe chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe ozungulira wasiya n'chimene mapangidwe maganizo ndi maphunziro Block.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, icho chinayalidwa chikondi cha zapamwamba za mabuku Russian. Pushkin, Apukhtin, Zhukovsky, Fet, Grigoriev - awa ndi mayina, amene amagwira ntchito unit yaing'ono, naikula Ufumuyo dziko mabuku ndi ndakatulo.

Chotero, maphunziro

Gawo loyamba la maphunziro a Bloc wakhala sekondale ku St. Petersburg. Atamaliza maphunziro ake mu chaka cha 1898 analowa St. Petersburg University, maloya. Iye akutsirizira maphunziro milandu 1901 nasintha malangizo a mbiri-philological.

Zinali pa University, potsiriza iye wasankha kulowa mu dziko la mabuku. Komanso, chilakolako chimenechi anatsindika kukongola ndi kwabasi, limene lili pakati pa chuma cha agogo ake. Kukula mu chikhalidwe chimenecho, Alexander onse odzipereka tilinazo ndi suoneka nzeru ya dziko, ndipo izi zimaonekera ndakatulo wake. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo akuyamba kugwira Bloc.

Ndi mayi wagawo wake kupitiriza mayanjano abwino kwambiri, chikondi chake ndi kulemekeza chosefukira ake. Iye ndi ku imfa ya mayi apitenso ntchito zake.

maonekedwe a

maonekedwe ake anali akulemba MA Voloshin. Iye adayitana nkhope ya Alexander Blok bwino ndi ozizira, bata kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Greek nsangalabwi chigoba. Iye ananena kwa molondola ndi rigor mbali ya nkhope, pa mphumi woonda kudula, kupinda milomo. Ine amafunsidwa kwa ulemerero wa wokongola lopotana tsitsi ndakatulo.

Andrey Bely limafotokoza maonekedwe ofanana kwambiri Bloc komanso kutsindika pa complexion wathanzi, wokongola wakuda tsitsi, ochititsa chidwi ndi statuesque chithunzi, amphamvu ndi wokongola. Iye anatsindika kusalakwa akulembayo mu maso ake Bloc, maso ake odabwitsa komanso owala. Nthawi zambiri maonekedwe ake mu unyamata poyerekeza ndi chithunzi cha Apollo. Mu zaka okhwima - ndi Dante.

domesticity

Pamaziko a chikhalidwe chake odzipereka, chopezera yabwino ya wokongola, unit mu kufufuza zonse mkazi wokongola amene angakhale chinyezimiro chake cha mphamvu zake zonse ndi maganizo a chikondi. Umene anatha kulemba ntchito zake, zimene zingakhale imasonkhezera wake.

Ndipo mu chaka cha 1898, iye anamupeza. kokha kwa moyo wake mkazi ndi chikondi choyamba ndi wamphamvu - mwana wa sayansi Mendeleyev, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (Block).

Ukwati wawo zinachitika mu 1903. Banja lathu linali osokoneza ndi zovuta. chikondi chachikulu Mendeleev anali kuyembekezera, monga mabuku a. chipika lilinso kuwunikidwa ndi moyo bata. Zotsatira zake zinali kukhudzika kwa bwenzi ndi moyo mkazi wake kapena mwamuna, Andrei Bely, Symbolist ndakatulo amene pogwiritsa ntchito mu ntchito ya Unit lapansi.

Jobs moyo

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Bloc kusanduka m'njira kuti, kuwonjezera pa mabuku nawo za m'dziko ndithu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Iye anali membala yogwira chuma kwambiri zisudzo ndi ngakhale ankadziona ngati wosewera, koma ntchito zolembalemba chidwi kwambiri;

• (. 1905-1906) kwa zaka ziwiri mondondozana Choncho umboni mwachindunji ndi ophunzira mu misonkhano chosintha ndi zitsanzo;

• amachititsa review ake ndime mabuku nyuzipepala "Golden akubera";

• ndi 1916-1917 biennium. kuti am'bwezere Mama, akutumikira pafupi Pinsk (zomangamanga ndi kumanga kumuwombera);

• Iyi ndi mbali ya utsogoleri wa Bolshoi Drama Theatre;

• pa kufika wa asilikali zikuchoka ntchito mu bungwe la Kufufuza za atumiki zapadera zokhudza mfumu. Iwo amagwira ntchito kumeneko Editor ndafunsira mbiri mpaka 1921.

Kumayambiriro Ntchito Block

ndime yake yoyamba pang'ono Sasha analembera mu zaka zisanu. Ngakhale pamenepo kuwerenga makings luntha kuti anafunika kuphunzira. Chipika ndi chinkhoswe.

Chikondi ndi Russia - awiri ankakonda mitu ya zilandiridwenso. Blok analemba kwambiri za izo, ndi za zinthu zina. Komabe, pa siteji oyambirira chitukuko ndi kuzindikira talente yake chidwi kwambiri chikondi. Chifanizo cha dona okongola amene anali kufunafuna kulikonse, anagwira mtima wake wonse. Ndipo chimake dziko lapansi maganizo ake opezeka Lyubovi Mendeleevoy.

Mutu wa chikondi ntchito ya Bloc chaululidwa zomveka kwathunthu ndi wokongola kuti n'zovuta Akutsutsana. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mwana wake woyamba - chopereka cha ndakatulo - otchedwa "Mavesi za Chokongola Lady" ndipo anadzipereka kwa mkazi wake. A chikoka mu zolemba za chopereka cha ndakatulo ndakatulo Blok yoperekedwa Solovyov, wophunzira ndi wotsatira amene ankaona.

ndakatulo onse anapereka tanthauzo la ukazi wosatha, kukongola, mwachibadwa. Komabe, mawu onse ndi mawu ntchito kulemba, ndi ophiphiritsa, surreal khalidwe. chipika ikuchitika mu kugunda kulenga mu "maiko ena".

Pang'onopang'ono, mutu wa chikondi ntchito ya Bloc akupereka njira nkhani weniweni ndi ofunika azinga ndakatulo.

Yambani kukhumudwa

The zochitika chosintha, matenda mu banja, amalephera momvetsa chisoni ndimalota za tsogolo woyera ndi chosangalatsa Russian ntchito mphamvu Bloc kukumana ndi kusintha osiyana. zosonkhanitsira wake lotsatira amatchedwa "Mwadzidzidzi Joy" (1906).

Zambiri amapanga choseketsa Symbolists, amene yokha silingawafike onse amphamvu ndi choonadi zambiri za ziyembekezo bwino kubwera. Iye anakhala nawo zochitika kunachitika, zomwe kwathunthu pa mbali ya Bolsheviks, kukhulupirira mlandu wawo ndi chabe.

Nthawi imeneyi (1906) anafalitsa trilogy wake wa masewero. Choyamba, "The zisudzo zoonera" patapita kanthawi "pa Mfumu Square", ndipo anamaliza izi atatu a "mlendo". Unit akukumana adzagalamutsidwa modzidzimutsa ku zolakwa za dziko, anakhumudwitsidwa awo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amakhala Ammayi NN Volokhova. Komabe, reciprocity si kupeza kuti anawonjezera kuwawa kwa ndakatulo wake, Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi wosakhazikika.

Andrei Bely ndi otsatira ena a ndakatulo kale, musatenge kusintha chipika ndi kutsutsa ntchito yake panopa. Alexander Blok anakhalabe anaumirirabe. Iye anakhumudwa ndi chisoni.

"Trilogy m'thupi"

Mu 1909, Blok kufa bambo, amene alibe nthawi kunena tiwonana. Izi amaika zimakhudzanso aakulu boma wake wa mumtima, ndi anaganiza kuphatikiza awo omveka kwambiri m'maganizo ake amagwira ntchito mu trilogy ndakatulo, amene amapereka dzina "trilogy m'thupi."

Choncho zilandiridwenso Blok mu 1911-1912 zinali zodzaza ndi maonekedwe a zopereka atatu a ndakatulo, ndiwo mayina a ndakatulo:

1. "Mavesi za Chokongola Lady";

2. "Mwadzidzidzi Joy";

3. "Chipale Night".

Patapita chaka chimodzi, kenako anamasula mndandanda wa ndakatulo chikondi, "Carmen", adalemba ndakatulo "Nightingale Garden" anadzipereka ku chizolowezi wake watsopano - woimba LA Delmas.

Rodina bloc ntchito

Kuyambira 1908, wolemba ndakatulo ukapezeka salinso monga lyricist, koma monga vospevatel kwawo. Nthawi imeneyi iye analemba ndakatulo monga:

• "Yophukira yoweyula";

• "Yophukira Chikondi";

• "Russia";

• "Pa Kulikovo Field".

Ntchito zonsezi zinapatsira ndi chikondi kwa dziko, kuti dziko. ndakatulo A nthawi yomweyo zikusonyeza mbali ziwiri za moyo mu Russia: umphawi ndi njala, achipembedzo, koma pa yomweyo, nkhanza, wildness ndi ufulu.

Russian mutu ntchito ya Bloc, malo mutuwo - chimodzi chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake ndakatulo. Kwa iye, Mama - ndi moyo, kupuma ndi kumverera. Choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, prohibitively kovuta anapatsidwa zochitika za October kuukira boma.

Mutu wa Russia mu ntchito ya Bloc

Pambuyo zochita chosintha wa analanda mzimu wake wonse, wolemba ndakatulo pafupifupi mwathunthu wotaya lyricism ake ndi chikondi ntchito zawo. Tsopano, kuti cholinga cha ntchito yake umalimbana Russia, kwawo.

Block akuimira dziko lake m'mavesi ndi mkazi, iye wasandutsa pafupifupi palpable, kwenikweni, ngati humanizes. Rodina bloc ntchito za lonse kuyambira mtengo kuposa chikondi chimene konse analemba.

Kukhulupirira mu Bolsheviks ndi choonadi chawo, amaloŵamo munthu wouma mtima, pafupifupi kudzipha iye kukhumudwa akaona zotsatira za zisinthe. Njala, umphawi, kuwonongedwa, misa kupulula anzeru a - zonsezi amalenga m'maganizo mwa Block Island ankhanza mtima kwa Symbolists, mawu ndi tsopano kuchita ndi ntchito monga satiristicheskoy, chakupha kunyazitsa chikhulupiriro m'tsogolo.

Komabe, chikondi chake Russia kwambiri kotero kuti iye akukhulupirirabe mphamvu ya dziko lake. Ndipotu adzauka, agwedeza ndipo adzatha mphamvu ndi ulemerero wake. Block Timagalasi, Mayakovsky, Yesenin mu ofanana.

Mu 1918, Block analemba ndakatulo "khumi", kwambiri mochititsa manyazi ndi mokweza ntchito zake zonse, chimene chinapangitsa zambiri mbiri ndi kukayankhula zokhudza tchimolo. Koma kutsutsa a ndakatulo iyi masamba ine chimfine, maganizo nascent akuyamba kuyamwa mtima wake wonse.

Ndakatulo "khumi"

wolemba anayamba kulemba ntchito yake "khumi" pa chiyambi cha January. Pa tsiku loyamba analibe ngakhale kusiya. Mu zolemba wake anati: "Mkati nakhala mapale lapansi." Kenako anasiya kulemba ndakatulo, ndipo kumaliza wolemba ndakatulo ali anakwanitsa yekha pa 28 January.

Chitulutsireni ntchito wasintha kwambiri Creative Block. Mwachidule, longosolani izo motere: wolemba ndakatulo wataya, anafika mavuto kulenga, stagnation.

The lingaliro lalikulu la ndakatulo uliwonse anazindikira mosiyana. Munthu adamuwona pothandizira zisinthe, mnyozo simvolisticheskimi maganizo. Wina M'malo mwake, ndi kopendekera satirical ndi kunyazitsa kuti chosintha. Komabe, chipika kulenga ndakatulo anafunika. Ndi zotsutsana, monga maganizo ake pa nthawi.

Pambuyo buku la "The khumi" ndi zinthu zonse kale ofooka anali yodulidwa ndi Symbolists. Bloc anatembenuka abwenzi pafupifupi onse pafupi: Merezhkovsky, Viacheslav, Prischvin, Sologub, Piast, Akhmatova, ndi ena.

Mu Balmont ndi nthawi anakhumudwitsa yekha. Choncho, unit amakhalabe pafupifupi munthu.

pambuyo chosintha zilandiridwenso

ntchito atatu okha analembedwa ndi wolemba pambuyo zisinthe:

1. "Asikuti";

2. "Kwawo";

3. "Lopereka Chilango" umene Iye sanamalize kulemba.

Kukwera chinachitika, ndipo kuwawa kwa ndondomeko Bolshevik narosla kukhumudwa ndi khama. ndi ang'ambe thupilo zinthu zimenezi ndi zimene zinalonjezedwa ndi zimene zinali kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zisinthe, wakhala mumamva kuti Bloc. Block tinganene mwachidule mu ntchito imeneyi, zinalembedwa chilichonse.

Kodi kulemba Patapita za imfa ya ndakatulo iyi, "ndi Bolsheviks anamupha." Ndipo zimenezi n'zoona. Block akhoza kukana kutenga ndi zikusiyana pakati pa mawu ndi ntchito za boma latsopanolo. Sangathe kukhululukira ndekha chithandizo cha Bolsheviks, khungu lawo ndi zam'tsogolo.

Unit akukumana kusagwirizana wamphamvu mwa yekha, kwathunthu mu nkhawa zawo ndi kuwawa. The chifukwa ndi matenda. Kuchokera April 1921 ku oyambirira August, matenda si kumasula ndakatulo, goading iye wamphamvu. Only zina kusiya theka aiwala amayesetsa kutonthoza mkazi wake, Lyubov Mendeleev (Block). August 7, Block anafa.

Kodi wolemba ndakatulo ndipo tinkagwira ntchito

Lero, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso Bloc captivate ndi kuuzira ambiri. Malo komwe ankakhala ndi ankalemba ndakatulo wake unasanduka Museum. Kuchokera zithunzi tingapeze adzaweruza za vuto limene wolemba ndakatulo ntchito.

Maonekedwe a malo, kumene ndakatulo nthawi yake, mukhoza kuwona chithunzi kumanzere.

Kuchipinda komwe ndakatulo anakhala otsiriza zowawa ndi zovuta mphindi ya moyo (chithunzi m'munsimu).

Lero, ndi ndakatulo anakonda ndi kuphunzira, woyamikiridwa, kuzama ndi kukhulupirika, m'maganizo ndi kuwala. Russia mu ntchito ya Bloc kuphunzira pa sukulu, pa mutu lemba nyimbo. Iwo amapereka ufulu wonse dzina wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, symbolist, ndiye woukira boma ndi madzulo basi kwambiri anakhumudwa ndi moyo ndi mphamvu ya munthu wosasangalala ndi mavuto owawa.

Mu St. Petersburg, chipilala chokumbukira dzina la wolemba mu mbiri ndi kupereka msonkho kwa ulemu talente yake wosatsutsika.