White Kireni (Sterkh): maonekedwe, kumene miyoyo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Izi moyera-wachisomo ndi otchuka mbalame ndi ngale ya nkhokwe ambiri chikhalidwe. Komabe, anthu chilengedwe zachilengedwe wakhala likunena zimachepa. White Kireni (Sterkh) zisa yekha m'madera zochepa madera kumpoto kwa Russia.

Sterh: mbali kunja

Siberia Kireni wa Cranes mtundu, Cranes banja. mbalame Large - kukula zimasiyanasiyana makumi zana ndi masentimita zana ndi makumi asanu, akulemera pafupi eyiti makilogalamu. Yendetsani chala Kireni mapiko zimasiyanasiyana mazana awiri ndi khumi ndi masentimita mazana awiri ndi makumi atatu, malingana ndi anthu.

Only m'nyengo yozizira kusamuka maulendo wautali wachita woyera Kireni. Sterh mu chisa Russian ndi mtundu. Mbalame sitingalephere kuunikira ornithologists.

mtundu

White Kireni (sterkh) ali mbali khalidwe, limene n'zovuta kusokoneza ndi mbalame zina - wofiira yaitali mulomo ndi burr lakuthwa pa malekezero a. Padziko maso ndi nthenga mulomo kumeneko, ndipo khungu utoto mtundu wolemera ofiira ndi kumaoneka kutali.

Nthenga thupi pabwino mizere iwiri - woyera, mbali lamkati la mapiko pa malekezero a mizere iwiri - wakuda. Miyendo yaitali, pinkish hue. Iwo ogwira kwambiri Crane madambo: amalola kusuntha mu quagmire viscous pa tokhala.

Poyamba anapiye maso a buluu, ndiye iwo kukhala wachikasu. White Kireni (Sterkh) amakhala pafupi makumi asanu ndi awiri zakubadwa, sanali kupanga subspecies.

malo

Masiku ano, pali anthu awiri cranes wa mtundu uwu. Wina amakhala m'dera Arkhangelsk, ndipo chachiwiri - mu Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Izi ndi ochenjera kwambiri mbalame - woyera Kireni. White Crane, kufotokoza mwachidule lopatsidwa m'nkhani, amayesetsa kupewa yokambirana ndi anthu, ndipo sikunapite pachabe: pakuti anthu opha m'madera ambiri amaona chilango.

Ngati mbalame adawona munthu - iye masamba chisa. Siberia Kireni silingakhoze kokha kutaya zowalamulira, koma kale aswa anapiye. Choncho, musandisokoneze mbalame nthawi imeneyi. White Kireni (Sterkh), zomwe zisa yekha mu Russia, yozizira ndi ku Azerbaijan ndi India, Afghanistan ndi Mongolia, China ndi Pakistan. Kumayambiriro March, cranes kubwerera kwawo.

Mu Yakutia Siberia Crane imatumizidwa m'madera akumidzi a Titafika pamalo ndi kusankha ikani zithaphwi ndi nkhalango moti. Apa iye amakhala kuti dzinja kusamuka.

chakudya

naturalists ambiri chidwi funso: "Chakudya woyera Kireni (Sterkh)?" The zakudya mbalame wokongola alowa ndi masamba ndi nyama chakudya. Pamodzi ndi zomera za m'madzi: tuber, udzu thonje, sedge ndi cranberries, amene kutikonda kwambiri Siberia Cranes - iwo sanali kukana kudya tizilombo lalikulu, mazira a mbalame zina, makoswe, anapiye mlendo, invertebrates ndi nsomba. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kusamuka, Siberia Cranes okha zakudya zomera. Tikumbukenso kuti mbalame konse kuwononga minda.

kubalana

White cranes - ndi mbalame monogamous. Nthunzi anapanga pamene cranes adzakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pakati kapena mapeto a May anapanga awiri mbalame kusankha malo kukaikira mazira m'tsogolo. Monga zina cranes, kukumananso awo angapo zolemba mokweza kuimba. Kulira kwa mbalame khalidwe - ndi yaitali, mkulu bwino. Iwo zimaonetsa Siberia Cranes ku mitundu ina.

Siberia Cranes chisa inamangidwa pa madzi lotseguka. Iwo molimba odzaza nsanja ya zimayambira sedge. Kuvomerezedwa chofunikira posankha malo kukaikira mazira - kupezeka kwa madzi abwino, madzi posungira ayenera kukhala osachepera akuya masentimita 40.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti azisunga mating kuvina mabanja. Poyamba, mbalame zonse kuponyera mmbuyo mutu wake ndi zimatulutsa melodic, zovuta achezera phokoso. Kukwaniritsa awo "ukwati" song, aamuna natambasula mapiko ake lonse, pamene bwenzi lake kuwasunga apangidwe. Pa nthawi iyi, cranes woyera kuyamba kuvina awo, chomwe ndi mauta, bouncing, ndisanza timitengo ndi pats mapiko.

Pomanga chisa, makolo onse zikugwira. Kawirikawiri, akazi kutchera mazira awiri imvi ndi mawanga yaing'ono mdima. M'chaka youma ndi imodzi. Mphukira ya amawaumbatira wamkazi ndi masiku makumi awiri ndi anayi. Panthawi imeneyi mwamuna vigilantly akulondali chisa.

Aswa ana akuyamba nkhondo ku phiri kupulumuka. Chifukwa, pali wina waukulu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mwana wankhuku. Patapita masiku makumi asanu anaonekera nthenga zofiirira ndi wofiira. The moyera-kukongola iwo kutembenukira yekha kwa zaka zitatu.

The Red Book of Russia: woyera Kireni (Sterkh)

Sterkh - mbalame yaikulu ya banja lake. Zimagwiritsa njira madzi a moyo, zikhale zovuta ntchito kupulumutsa mtundu chithe. Tsopano chiwerengero cha anthu Yakut si upambana zikwi zitatu. Pakuti West Siberia Siberia Cranes - vuto ndi ovuta: iwo anali osaposa anthu makumi awiri.

nkhani yaikulu kuteteza cranes woyera ankachita mu 1970. nurseries ambiri akhazikitsidwa malo ndalama, kumene ornithologists kukula mbalame mazira. Iwo amaphunzitsa anapiye ndege mtunda wautali. Komabe, kuopseza kuti idzapita woyera Kireni (Sterkh). Red Book (mayiko) komanso kumaliza mndandanda awo a mitundu awa pangozi. Kusaka mbalame izi kwathunthu zoletsedwa.

Chiyembekezo cha chitsitsimutso

Kuyambira cha m'ma nineties Mu zaka zapitazo, oposa zana cranes woyera wamkulu mu nurseries wamasulidwa ku chilengedwe. Mwatsoka, ngati anapiye bwino ndinazoloŵera (pazipita 20%). Chifukwa ngati mtengo mkulu imfa ndi kupanda navigation malangizo, komanso ndege maphunziro, lopatsidwa kwa makolo kuthengo.

Vuto limeneli anayesetsa kukonza asayansi American. Iwo adzaika kuyesera, akamanena za amene anali kugwira anapiye ntchito Moto popachika-gliders. Mu Russia, ife apanga mapulogalamu ofanana amatchedwa "Flight wa Chiyembekezo".

Inamangidwa trikes asanu mu 2006, ndipo ndi thandizo lawo achinyamata Siberia Cranes anatengedwa njira yaitali kuchokera Yamal kuti Uzbekistan, kumene ankakhala cranes imvi, Siberia Cranes, ndi iwo anapita yozizira. Mu 2012, Pulezidenti Vladimir Putin nawo pulogalamu oterowo. Koma pa zifukwa zina, nthawi imeneyi imvi cranes simunamulandire wa ku Siberia Crane ndi ornithologists anayenera kubweretsa anapiye asanu kusungitsa Belozersky mu Tyumen.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Mu India Crane otchedwa mbalame kakombo. Indira Gandhi inaika lamulo (1981), imene malo wintering cranes woyera analengedwa paki "Keoladeo" omwe anaona ulamuliro okhwima ndipo analenga zinthu yabwino kwa chitetezo cha mbalame izi zazikulu.
• White Kireni (Sterkh) kugonjetsa njira yaitali poyerekeza ndi zina cranes: makilomita oposa asanu ndi theka zikwi. Kawiri pa chaka, cranes zimauluka pa mayiko asanu ndi anai.
• Mu Dagestan, dera lake gawo ndi anawoloka Cranes Siberia pa kusamuka, pali nthano okongola kuti Siberia Cranes ndi mizimu ya asilikali akugwa. nthano maziko a nyimbo otchuka omwe unalembedwa mawu Rasul Gamzatov.
• Mu nyengo mating cranes woyera kugona oposa awiri maola tsiku.
• Pakuti mitundu ya Khanty Mansi ndi woyera Crane ndi mbalame wopatulika, mafuko totem zofunika khalidwe la miyambo yonse.
• Khanty konse Musiyeni Crane: pali mumtima taboo asamaone malo kumene woyera cranes chisa m'chaka ndi chilimwe.
• The njira zothandiza kwambiri kuswana mbalame izi, ornithologists tikambirane njira "makolo omulera" ndi kulera mu malo a. Mbali yoyamba, dzira cranes woyera zingabzalidwe mu chisa cha cranes imvi. Lachiwiri - anapiye kukula mu malo, mu kudzipatula kwa kukhudzana anthu. Kenako anamasula munthu wamkulu cranes zakutchire.

Mbalame Alonda kupitiriza kukhala zinthu umalimbana kuteteza mbalame zazikulu. Tikukhulupirira kuti Kireni woyera (Sterkh), ndi Kuwulura taonera m'nkhaniyi adzapulumuka ndi mbalame chachikulu chidzayamba yaitali kusangalatsa ife ndi maganizo awo.